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first version of the lab material in place

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aarneranta
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lab2/grammar/english/MicroLangEn.gf Normal file
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--# -path=.:../abstract
concrete MicroLangEn of MicroLang = open MicroResEn, Prelude in {
-----------------------------------------------------
---------------- Grammar part -----------------------
-----------------------------------------------------
lincat
Utt = {s : Str} ;
S = {s : Str} ;
VP = {verb : Verb ; compl : Str} ; ---s special case of Mini
Comp = {s : Str} ;
AP = Adjective ;
CN = Noun ;
NP = {s : Case => Str ; a : Agreement} ;
Pron = {s : Case => Str ; a : Agreement} ;
Det = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
Prep = {s : Str} ;
V = Verb ;
V2 = Verb2 ;
A = Adjective ;
N = Noun ;
Adv = {s : Str} ;
lin
UttS s = s ;
UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Acc} ;
PredVPS np vp = {
s = np.s ! Nom ++ vp.verb.s ! agr2vform np.a ++ vp.compl
} ;
UseV v = {
verb = v ;
compl = [] ;
} ;
ComplV2 v2 np = {
verb = v2 ;
compl = v2.c ++ np.s ! Acc -- NP object in the accusative, preposition first
} ;
UseComp comp = {
verb = be_Verb ; -- the verb is the copula "be"
compl = comp.s
} ;
CompAP ap = ap ;
AdvVP vp adv =
vp ** {compl = vp.compl ++ adv.s} ;
DetCN det cn = {
s = \\c => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ;
a = Agr det.n ;
} ;
UsePron p = p ;
a_Det = {s = pre {"a"|"e"|"i"|"o" => "an" ; _ => "a"} ; n = Sg} ; --- a/an can get wrong
aPl_Det = {s = "" ; n = Pl} ;
the_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Sg} ;
thePl_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Pl} ;
UseN n = n ;
AdjCN ap cn = {
s = table {n => ap.s ++ cn.s ! n}
} ;
PositA a = a ;
PrepNP prep np = {s = prep.s ++ np.s ! Acc} ;
in_Prep = {s = "in"} ;
on_Prep = {s = "on"} ;
with_Prep = {s = "with"} ;
he_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "he" ; Acc => "him"} ;
a = Agr Sg ;
} ;
she_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "she" ; Acc => "her"} ;
a = Agr Sg ;
} ;
they_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "they" ; Acc => "them"} ;
a = Agr Pl ;
} ;
-----------------------------------------------------
---------------- Lexicon part -----------------------
-----------------------------------------------------
lin already_Adv = mkAdv "already" ;
lin animal_N = mkN "animal" ;
lin apple_N = mkN "apple" ;
lin baby_N = mkN "baby" ;
lin bad_A = mkA "bad" ;
lin beer_N = mkN "beer" ;
lin big_A = mkA "big" ;
lin bike_N = mkN "bike" ;
lin bird_N = mkN "bird" ;
lin black_A = mkA "black" ;
lin blood_N = mkN "blood" ;
lin blue_A = mkA "blue" ;
lin boat_N = mkN "boat" ;
lin book_N = mkN "book" ;
lin boy_N = mkN "boy" ;
lin bread_N = mkN "bread" ;
lin break_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "break" "broke" "broken") ;
lin buy_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "buy" "bought" "bought") ;
lin car_N = mkN "car" ;
lin cat_N = mkN "cat" ;
lin child_N = mkN "child" "children" ;
lin city_N = mkN "city" ;
lin clean_A = mkA "clean" ;
lin clever_A = mkA "clever" ;
lin cloud_N = mkN "cloud" ;
lin cold_A = mkA "cold" ;
lin come_V = mkV "come" "came" "come" ;
lin computer_N = mkN "computer" ;
lin cow_N = mkN "cow" ;
lin dirty_A = mkA "dirty" ;
lin dog_N = mkN "dog" ;
lin drink_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "drink" "drank" "drunk") ;
lin eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "eat" "ate" "eaten") ;
lin find_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "find" "found" "found") ;
lin fire_N = mkN "fire" ;
lin fish_N = mkN "fish" "fish" ;
lin flower_N = mkN "flower" ;
lin friend_N = mkN "friend" ;
lin girl_N = mkN "girl" ;
lin good_A = mkA "good" ;
lin go_V = mkV "go" "went" "gone" ;
lin grammar_N = mkN "grammar" ;
lin green_A = mkA "green" ;
lin heavy_A = mkA "heavy" ;
lin horse_N = mkN "horse" ;
lin hot_A = mkA "hot" ;
lin house_N = mkN "house" ;
-- lin john_PN = mkPN "John" ;
lin jump_V = mkV "jump" ;
lin kill_V2 = mkV2 "kill" ;
-- lin know_VS = mkVS (mkV "know" "knew" "known") ;
lin language_N = mkN "language" ;
lin live_V = mkV "live" ;
lin love_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "love") ;
lin man_N = mkN "man" "men" ;
lin milk_N = mkN "milk" ;
lin music_N = mkN "music" ;
lin new_A = mkA "new" ;
lin now_Adv = mkAdv "now" ;
lin old_A = mkA "old" ;
-- lin paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" ;
lin play_V = mkV "play" ;
lin read_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "read" "read" "read") ;
lin ready_A = mkA "ready" ;
lin red_A = mkA "red" ;
lin river_N = mkN "river" ;
lin run_V = mkV "run" "ran" "run" ;
lin sea_N = mkN "sea" ;
lin see_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "see" "saw" "seen") ;
lin ship_N = mkN "ship" ;
lin sleep_V = mkV "sleep" "slept" "slept" ;
lin small_A = mkA "small" ;
lin star_N = mkN "star" ;
lin swim_V = mkV "swim" "swam" "swum" ;
lin teach_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "teach" "taught" "taught") ;
lin train_N = mkN "train" ;
lin travel_V = mkV "travel" ;
lin tree_N = mkN "tree" ;
lin understand_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "understand" "understood" "understood") ;
lin wait_V2 = mkV2 "wait" "for" ;
lin walk_V = mkV "walk" ;
lin warm_A = mkA "warm" ;
lin water_N = mkN "water" ;
lin white_A = mkA "white" ;
lin wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
lin woman_N = mkN "woman" "women" ;
lin yellow_A = mkA "yellow" ;
lin young_A = mkA "young" ;
---------------------------
-- Paradigms part ---------
---------------------------
oper
mkN = overload {
mkN : Str -> Noun -- predictable noun, e.g. car-cars, boy-boys, fly-flies, bush-bushes
= \n -> lin N (smartNoun n) ;
mkN : Str -> Str -> Noun -- irregular noun, e.g. man-men
= \sg,pl -> lin N (mkNoun sg pl) ;
} ;
mkA : Str -> A
= \s -> lin A {s = s} ;
mkV = overload {
mkV : (inf : Str) -> V -- predictable verb, e.g. play-plays, cry-cries, wash-washes
= \s -> lin V (smartVerb s) ;
mkV : (inf,pres,part : Str) -> V -- irregular verb, e.g. drink-drank-drunk
= \inf,pres,part -> lin V (irregVerb inf pres part) ;
} ;
mkV2 = overload {
mkV2 : Str -> V2 -- predictable verb with direct object, e.g. "wash"
= \s -> lin V2 (smartVerb s ** {c = []}) ;
mkV2 : Str -> Str -> V2 -- predictable verb with preposition, e.g. "wait - for"
= \s,p -> lin V2 (smartVerb s ** {c = p}) ;
mkV2 : V -> V2 -- any verb with direct object, e.g. "drink"
= \v -> lin V2 (v ** {c = []}) ;
mkV2 : V -> Str -> V2 -- any verb with preposition
= \v,p -> lin V2 (v ** {c = p}) ;
} ;
mkAdv : Str -> Adv
= \s -> lin Adv {s = s} ;
mkPrep : Str -> Prep
= \s -> lin Prep {s = s} ;
}

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UseComp {"es","sont"} AUX cop head

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lab2/grammar/english/MicroLangFr.gf Normal file
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--# -path=.:../abstract
concrete MicroLangFr of MicroLang = open MicroResFr, Prelude in {
-----------------------------------------------------
---------------- Grammar part -----------------------
-----------------------------------------------------
lincat
Utt = {s : Str} ;
S = {s : Str} ;
VP = {verb : Verb ; compl : Number => Gender => Str} ;
Comp = Adjective ;
AP = Adjective ;
CN = Noun ;
NP = {s : Case => Str ; gen : Gender ; num : Number } ;
Pron = {s : Case => Str ; gen : Gender ; num: Number } ;
Det = {s : Str ; num : Number ; gen : Gender } ;
Prep = {s : Str} ;
V = Verb ;
V2 = Verb2 ;
A = Adjective ;
N = Noun ;
Adv = {s : Str} ;
lin
UttS s = s ;
UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Acc} ;
-- PredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl
PredVPS np vp = {
s = np.s ! Nom ++ vp.verb.s ! agr2vform np.num ++ vp.compl ! np.num ! np.gen
} ;
-- V -> VP
UseV v = {
verb = v ;
compl = \\num,gen => [] ;
} ;
-- V2 -> NP -> VP
ComplV2 v2 np = {
verb = v2 ;
compl = \\num,gen => v2.c ! num ! gen ++ np.s ! Acc -- NP object in the accusative
} ;
UseComp comp = {
verb = be_Verb ; -- the verb is the copula "être"
compl = \\num,gen => comp.s ! num ! gen
} ;
CompAP ap = ap ;
AdvVP vp adv =
vp ** {compl = \\num,gen => vp.compl ! num ! gen ++ adv.s} ; --update complement by + adv
-- Det -> CN -> NP
DetCN det cn = {
s = \\c => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.num ;
gen = cn.gen ;
num = det.num ;
} ;
a_Det = {s = pre {"a"|"e"|"i"|"o" => "l'" ; _ => "le"} ; num = Sg ; gen = M | F} ;
aPl_Det = {s = "la" ; num = Sg ; gen = F} ;
the_Det = {s = "les" ; num = Pl ; gen = M | F} ;
thePl_Det = {s = "des" ; num = Pl ; gen = M | F} ;
UsePron p = p ;
-- N -> CN
UseN noun = noun ;
-- AP -> CN -> CN
AdjCN ap cn = {
s = \\num => ap.s ! num ! cn.gen ++ cn.s ! num ; --table from number to gender to string
gen = cn.gen ;
} ;
PositA a = a ;
PrepNP prep np = {s = prep.s ++ np.s ! Acc} ;
in_Prep = {s = "dans"} ;
on_Prep = {s = "sur"} ;
with_Prep = {s = "avec"} ;
he_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "il" ; Acc => "le"} ;
num = Sg ;
pers = P3 ;
gen = M ;
} ;
she_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "elle" ; Acc => "la"} ;
num = Sg ;
pers = P3 ;
gen = F ;
} ;
they_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "ils" ; Acc => "les"} ;
num = Pl ;
pers = P3 ;
gen = M | F ;
} ;
-----------------------------------------------------
---------------- Lexicon part -----------------------
-----------------------------------------------------
lin already_Adv = mkAdv "déja" ;
lin animal_N = mkN "animal" ;
lin apple_N = mkN "pomme" ;
lin baby_N = mkN "bébé" ;
lin bad_A = mkA "mauvais" ;
lin beer_N = mkN "bière" ;
lin big_A = mkA "grand" ;
lin bike_N = mkN "vélo" ;
lin bird_N = mkN "oiseau" ;
lin black_A = mkA "noir" ;
lin blood_N = mkN "sang" "sang";
lin blue_A = mkA "bleu" ;
lin boat_N = mkN "bâteau" ;
lin book_N = mkN "livre" ;
lin boy_N = mkN "garçon" ;
lin bread_N = mkN "pain" ;
lin break_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "casser") ;
lin buy_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "acheter" "achète" "achetons" "achètes" "achetez" "achète" "achetent") ;
lin car_N = mkN "voiture" ;
lin cat_N = mkN "chat" ;
lin child_N = mkN "enfant" ;
lin city_N = mkN "ville" ;
lin clean_A = mkA "propre" ;
lin clever_A = mkA "intelligent" ;
lin cloud_N = mkN "nuage" ;
lin cold_A = mkA "froid" ;
lin come_V = mkV "venir" "viens" "venons" "viens" "venez" "vient" "viennent" ;
lin computer_N = mkN "ordinateur" ;
lin cow_N = mkN "vache" ;
lin dirty_A = mkA "sale" ;
lin dog_N = mkN "chien" ;
lin drink_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "boire" "bois" "buvons" "bois" "buvez" "boit" "boivent") ;
lin eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "manger") ;
lin find_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "trouver") ;
lin fire_N = mkN "feu" ;
lin fish_N = mkN "poisson" ;
lin flower_N = mkN "fleur" ;
lin friend_N = mkN "ami" ;
lin girl_N = mkN "fille" ;
lin good_A = mkA "bon" ;
lin go_V = mkV "aller" "vais" "allons" "vas" "allez" "va" "vont" ;
lin grammar_N = mkN "grammaire" ;
lin green_A = mkA "vert" ;
lin heavy_A = mkA "lourd" ;
lin horse_N = mkN "cheval" ;
lin hot_A = mkA "chaud" ;
lin house_N = mkN "maison" ;
-- lin john_PN = mkPN "John" ;
lin jump_V = mkV "sauter" ;
lin kill_V2 = mkV2 "tuer" ;
-- lin know_VS = mkVS (mkV "savoir" "sais" "savons" "sais" "savez" "sait" "savent") ;
lin language_N = mkN "langue" ;
lin live_V = mkV "vivre" ;
lin love_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "aimer") ;
lin man_N = mkN "homme" ;
lin milk_N = mkN "lait" "lait" ;
lin music_N = mkN "musique" ;
lin new_A = mkA "nouveau" ;
lin now_Adv = mkAdv "maintenant" ;
lin old_A = mkA "ancien" ;
-- lin paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" ;
lin play_V = mkV "jouer" ;
lin read_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "lire" "lis" "lisons" "lis" "lisez" "lit" "lisent") ;
lin ready_A = mkA "prêt" ;
lin red_A = mkA "rouge" ;
lin river_N = mkN "rivière" ;
lin run_V = mkV "courir" ;
lin sea_N = mkN "mer" ;
lin see_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "voir") ;
lin ship_N = mkN "navire" ;
lin sleep_V = mkV "acheter" "achète" "achètes" "achete" "achètons" "achetez" "achetent" ;
lin small_A = mkA "petit" ;
lin star_N = mkN "etoile" ;
lin swim_V = mkV "nager" ;
lin teach_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "enseigner") ;
lin train_N = mkN "train" ;
lin travel_V = mkV "voyager" ;
lin tree_N = mkN "arbre" ;
lin understand_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "comprendre") ;
lin wait_V2 = mkV2 "attendre" ;
lin walk_V = mkV "marcher" ;
lin warm_A = mkA "chaud" ;
lin water_N = mkN "eau" ;
lin white_A = mkA "blanc" ;
lin wine_N = mkN "vin" ;
lin woman_N = mkN "femme" ;
lin yellow_A = mkA "jaune" ;
lin young_A = mkA "jeune" ;
---------------------------
-- Paradigms part ---------
---------------------------
oper
mkN = overload {
mkN : Str -> Noun -- predictable nouns according to the pattern matching
= \n -> lin N (smartNoun n) ;
mkN : Str -> Str -> Noun -- irregular nouns
= \sg,pl -> lin N (mkNoun sg pl) ;
} ;
mkA : Str -> A = \s -> lin A (smartA s) ;
mkV = overload {
mkV : (inf : Str) -> V
= \s -> lin V (smartVerb s) ;
mkV : (inf,p1sg,p2sg,p3sg,p1pl,p2pl,p3pl : Str) -> V
= \inf,p1sg,p2sg,p3sg,p1pl,p2pl,p3pl -> lin V (irregVerb inf p1sg p2sg p3sg p1pl p2pl p3pl) ;
} ;
mkV2 = overload {
mkV2 : Str -> V2
= \s -> lin V2 (smartVerb s ** {c =\\num,gen => []}) ;
mkV2 : Str -> Str -> V2 -- predictable verb with preposition
= \s,p -> lin V2 (smartVerb s ** {c =\\num,gen => p}) ;
mkV2 : V -> V2 -- any verb with direct object
= \v -> lin V2 (v ** {c =\\num,gen => []}) ;
mkV2 : V -> Str -> V2 -- any verb with preposition
= \v,p -> lin V2 (v ** {c =\\num,gen => p}) ;
} ;
mkAdv : Str -> Adv
= \s -> lin Adv {s = s} ;
mkPrep : Str -> Prep
= \s -> lin Prep {s = s} ;
}

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resource MicroResEn = open Prelude in {
param
Number = Sg | Pl ;
Case = Nom | Acc ;
Agreement = Agr Number ; ---s Person to be added
-- all forms of normal Eng verbs, although not yet used in MiniGrammar
VForm = Inf | PresSg3 | Past | PastPart | PresPart ;
oper
Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
mkNoun : Str -> Str -> Noun = \sg,pl -> {
s = table {Sg => sg ; Pl => pl}
} ;
regNoun : Str -> Noun = \sg -> mkNoun sg (sg + "s") ;
-- smart paradigm
smartNoun : Str -> Noun = \sg -> case sg of {
_ + ("ay"|"ey"|"oy"|"uy") => regNoun sg ;
x + "y" => mkNoun sg (x + "ies") ;
_ + ("ch"|"sh"|"s"|"o") => mkNoun sg (sg + "es") ;
_ => regNoun sg
} ;
Adjective : Type = {s : Str} ;
Verb : Type = {s : VForm => Str} ;
mkVerb : (inf,pres,past,pastpart,prespart : Str) -> Verb
= \inf,pres,past,pastpart,prespart -> {
s = table {
Inf => inf ;
PresSg3 => pres ;
Past => past ;
PastPart => pastpart ;
PresPart => prespart
}
} ;
regVerb : (inf : Str) -> Verb = \inf ->
mkVerb inf (inf + "s") (inf + "ed") (inf + "ed") (inf + "ing") ;
-- regular verbs with predictable variations
smartVerb : Str -> Verb = \inf -> case inf of {
pl + ("a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u") + "y" => regVerb inf ;
cr + "y" => mkVerb inf (cr + "ies") (cr + "ied") (cr + "ied") (inf + "ing") ;
lov + "e" => mkVerb inf (inf + "s") (lov + "ed") (lov + "ed") (lov + "ing") ;
kis + ("s"|"sh"|"x"|"o") => mkVerb inf (inf + "es") (inf + "ed") (inf + "ed") (inf + "ing") ;
_ => regVerb inf
} ;
-- normal irregular verbs e.g. drink,drank,drunk
irregVerb : (inf,past,pastpart : Str) -> Verb =
\inf,past,pastpart ->
let verb = smartVerb inf
in mkVerb inf (verb.s ! PresSg3) past pastpart (verb.s ! PresPart) ;
-- two-place verb with "case" as preposition; for transitive verbs, c=[]
Verb2 : Type = Verb ** {c : Str} ;
be_Verb : Verb = mkVerb "are" "is" "was" "been" "being" ; ---s to be generalized
---s a very simplified verb agreement function for Micro
agr2vform : Agreement -> VForm = \a -> case a of {
Agr Sg => PresSg3 ;
Agr Pl => Inf
} ;
}

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resource MicroResFr = open Prelude in {
param
Number = Sg | Pl ;
Case = Nom | Acc ;
Gender = F | M ;
Person = P1 | P2 | P3 ;
-- infinitive | present forms of French verbs
VForm = VInf | VPres Person Number;
oper
--------------------- NOUNS --------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str ; gen : Gender} ;
mkNoun : Str -> Str -> Noun = \sg,pl -> {
s = table {Sg => sg ; Pl => pl} ;
gen = mkGen sg
} ;
regNoun : Str -> Noun = \sg -> mkNoun sg (sg + "s") ;
smartNoun : Str -> Noun = \sg -> case sg of {
_ + ("é"|"o"|"e"|"n"|"t"|"r"|"i"|"il"|"ol"|"el") => regNoun sg ;
_ + ("au"|"eu"|"eau") => mkNoun sg (sg + "x") ;
noun + "al" => mkNoun sg (noun + "aux") ;
noun + ("z"|"s"|"x") => mkNoun sg sg ; --plural defective nouns
("sang"|"lait") => mkNoun sg sg --attempt in
} ;
mkGen: Str -> Gender = \sg -> case sg of {
root + ("au"|"isson"|"eu"|"t"|"o"|"age"|"é"|"ire"|"al"|"i"|"g"|"in"|"at"|"nt"|"en") => M ; -- some general rules for M nouns
("garçon"|"livre"|"arbre") => M ; -- exceptions for M
root + ("té"|"ion"|"elle"|"me"|"ère"|"eur"|"ure"|"che"|"le"|"aire"|"ue"|"er") => F ; -- some general rules for F nouns
("maison" | "eau") => F -- exceptions for F
} ;
----------------------- ADJ inflection tables ----------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjective : Type = {s : Number => Gender => Str} ;
mkAdjective : (msg,fsg,mpl,fpl : Str) -> Adjective = \msg,fsg,mpl,fpl ->
{s = table { Sg => table { M => msg ; F => fsg } ; Pl => table { M => mpl ; F => fpl }
} ;
} ;
regA : (msg : Str) -> Adjective = \grand ->
mkAdjective grand (grand + "e") (grand + "s") (grand + "es") ;
irA_anc : (msg : Str) -> Adjective = \blanc ->
mkAdjective blanc (blanc+"he") (blanc + "s") (blanc+"hes" ) ;
irA_eau : (msg : Str) -> Adjective = \nouv ->
mkAdjective (nouv + "eau") (nouv + "elle") (nouv + "eaux") (nouv + "elles") ;
-- adj that are gender invariable - have the same form for both genders in Sg | Pl: e.g. "calme" "calme" "calmes" "calmes"
invar_gen : (msg : Str) -> Adjective = \propre ->
mkAdjective propre propre (propre + "s") (propre + "s") ;
-- adj that are number invariable - have the same form for both genders in Sg: e.g."anglais" "anglaise" "anglais" "anglaises"
invar_num : (msg : Str) -> Adjective = \mauvais ->
mkAdjective mauvais (mauvais + "e") mauvais (mauvais + "es") ;
dupl_n : (msg : Str) -> Adjective = \bon ->
let bonn = bon + last bon
in
mkAdjective bon (bonn + "e") (bon + "s") (bonn + "es") ;
smartA : (msg : Str) -> Adjective = \adj -> case adj of {
_ + ("d"|"t"|"eu"|"r") => regA adj ;
_ + "anc" => irA_anc adj ;
adj + "eau" => irA_eau adj ;
_ + "e" => invar_gen adj ;
_ + ("ien"|"on"|"en") => dupl_n adj ;
_ + "s" => invar_num adj
} ;
------------------- VERB Paradigms------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
Verb : Type = {s : VForm => Str} ;
mkVerb : (vinf,p1sg,p1pl,p2sg,p2pl,p3sg,p3pl : Str) -> Verb
= \vinf,p1sg,p1pl,p2sg,p2pl,p3sg,p3pl -> {
s = table {
VInf => vinf ;
VPres P1 Sg => p1sg ;
VPres P2 Sg => p2sg ;
VPres P3 Sg => p3sg ;
VPres P1 Pl => p1pl ;
VPres P2 Pl => p2pl ;
VPres P3 Pl => p3pl
} ;
} ;
-- verbs ending in -ger that need an extra "e" for the 1st Person pl
ger_Verb : Str -> Verb = \manger ->
let mange = init manger
in
mkVerb manger mange (mange + "ons") (mange + "s") (mange + "z") mange (mange + "nt") ;
er_Verb : Str -> Verb = \aimer ->
let aim = init aimer
in
mkVerb aimer aim (aim + "ons") (aim + "s") (aim + "z") aim (aim + "nt") ;
ir_Verb : Str -> Verb = \cour ->
mkVerb cour (cour + "s") (cour + "ons") (cour + "s") (cour + "ez") (cour + "t") (cour + "ent") ;
re_Verb : Str -> Verb = \attendre ->
let attend = init attendre
in
mkVerb attendre (attend + "ds") (attend + "dons") (attend + "ds") (attend + "dez") (attend + "d") (attend + "dent") ;
-- regular verbs with predictable variations
smartVerb : Str -> Verb = \v -> case v of {
v + "re" => re_Verb v ;
v + "ir" => ir_Verb v ;
v + "er" => er_Verb v ;
_ + "g" + "er" => ger_Verb v
} ;
-- some irregular verbs e.g. acheter achète achètes
irregVerb : (vinf,p1sg,p2sg,p3sg,p1pl,p2pl,p3pl : Str) -> Verb =
\vinf,p1sg,p2sg,p3sg,p1pl,p2pl,p3pl ->
mkVerb vinf p1sg p2sg p3sg p1pl p2pl p3pl ;
-- two-place verb with "case" as preposition; for transitive verbs, c=[]
Verb2 : Type = Verb ** {c : Number => Gender => Str} ;
be_Verb : Verb = mkVerb "être" "suis" "es" "est" "sommes" "êtes" "sont" ; ---s to be generalized
Determiner : Type = {s : Str ; n : Number ; gen : Gender} ;
mkDet : Str -> Number -> Gender -> Determiner ;
mkDet str num gen = {s=str ; n = num ; gen = gen} ;
---s a very simplified verb agreement function for Micro
agr2vform : Number -> VForm = \a -> case a of {
Sg => VPres P3 Sg ;
Pl => VPres P3 Pl
} ;
}

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lab2/grammar/english/MiniGrammarEng.gf Normal file
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--# -path=.:../abstract
concrete MiniGrammarEng of MiniGrammar = open MiniResEng, Prelude in {
lincat
Utt = {s : Str} ;
Pol = {s : Str ; isTrue : Bool} ; -- the s field is empty, but needed for parsing
Temp = {s : Str ; isPres : Bool} ;
S = {s : Str} ;
QS = {s : Str} ;
Cl = { -- word order is fixed in S and QS
subj : Str ; -- subject
verb : Bool => Bool => {fin,inf : Str} ; -- dep. on Pol,Temp, e.g. "does","sleep"
compl : Str -- after verb: complement, adverbs
} ;
QCl = Cl ** {isWh : Bool} ;
Imp = {s : Bool => Str} ;
VP = {verb : GVerb ; compl : Str} ;
Comp = {s : Str} ;
AP = Adjective ;
CN = Noun ;
NP = {s : Case => Str ; a : Agreement} ;
IP = {s : Case => Str ; a : Agreement} ;
Pron = {s : Case => Str ; a : Agreement} ;
Det = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
Conj = {s : Str} ;
Prep = {s : Str} ;
V = Verb ;
V2 = Verb2 ;
VS = Verb ;
VV = Verb ; ---- only VV to VP
A = Adjective ;
N = Noun ;
PN = {s : Str} ;
Adv = {s : Str} ;
IAdv = {s : Str} ;
lin
UttS s = s ;
UttQS s = s ;
UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Acc} ; -- Acc: produce "me" rather than "I"
UttAdv adv = adv ;
UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;
UttImpSg pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.isTrue} ;
UseCl temp pol cl =
let clt = cl.verb ! pol.isTrue ! temp.isPres -- isTrue regulates if "do" is used
in {
s = pol.s ++ temp.s ++ --- needed for parsing: a GF hack
cl.subj ++ -- she
clt.fin ++ -- does
negation pol.isTrue ++ -- not
clt.inf ++ -- drink
cl.compl -- beer
} ;
UseQCl temp pol qcl =
let
isWh = qcl.isWh ;
clt = qcl.verb ! andB isWh pol.isTrue ! temp.isPres ; -- no "do" in present positive Wh questions
verbsubj = case isWh of {
True => qcl.subj ++ clt.fin ; -- no inversion in Wh questions
False => clt.fin ++ qcl.subj
}
in {
s = pol.s ++ temp.s ++
verbsubj ++
negation pol.isTrue ++ -- not
clt.inf ++ -- drink
qcl.compl -- beer
} ;
PredVP np vp = {
subj = np.s ! Nom ;
compl = vp.compl ;
verb = \\plain,isPres => case <vp.verb.isAux, plain, isPres, np.a> of {
-- non-auxiliary verbs, negative/question present: "does (not) drink"
<False,False,True,Agr Sg Per3> => {fin = "does" ; inf = vp.verb.s ! VF Inf} ;
<False,False,True,_ > => {fin = "do" ; inf = vp.verb.s ! VF Inf} ;
-- non-auxiliary, plain present ; auxiliary, all present: "drinks", "is (not)"
<_,_, True, Agr Sg Per1> => {fin = vp.verb.s ! PresSg1 ; inf = []} ;
<_,_, True, Agr Sg Per3> => {fin = vp.verb.s ! VF PresSg3 ; inf = []} ;
<_,_, True, _> => {fin = vp.verb.s ! PresPl ; inf = []} ;
-- all verbs, past: "has (not) drunk", "has (not) been"
<_,_, False,Agr Sg Per3> => {fin = "has" ; inf = vp.verb.s ! VF PastPart} ;
<_,_, False,_ > => {fin = "have" ; inf = vp.verb.s ! VF PastPart}
-- the negation word "not" is put in place in UseCl, UseQCl
}
} ;
QuestCl cl = cl ** {isWh = False} ; -- since the parts are the same, we don't need to change anything
QuestVP ip vp = PredVP ip vp ** {isWh = True} ;
ImpVP vp = {
s = table {
True => vp.verb.s ! VF Inf ++ vp.compl ; -- in Eng, imperative = infinitive
False => "do not" ++ vp.verb.s ! VF Inf ++ vp.compl
}
} ;
UseV v = {
verb = verb2gverb v ; -- lift ordinary verbs to generalized verbs
compl = []
} ;
ComplV2 v2 np = {
verb = verb2gverb v2 ;
compl = v2.c ++ np.s ! Acc -- NP object in the accusative, preposition first
} ;
ComplVS vs s = {
verb = verb2gverb vs ;
compl = "that" ++ s.s ;
} ;
ComplVV vv vp = {
verb = verb2gverb vv ;
compl = "to" ++ vp.verb.s ! VF Inf ++ vp.compl ;
} ;
UseComp comp = {
verb = be_GVerb ; -- the verb is the copula "be"
compl = comp.s
} ;
CompAP ap = ap ;
CompNP np = {
s = np.s ! Nom -- NP complement is in the nominative
} ;
CompAdv adv = adv ;
AdvVP vp adv =
vp ** {compl = vp.compl ++ adv.s} ;
DetCN det cn = {
s = table {c => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n} ;
a = Agr det.n Per3 -- this kind of NP is always third person
} ;
UsePN pn = {
s = \\_ => pn.s ;
a = Agr Sg Per3
} ;
UsePron p = p ; -- Pron is worst-case NP
MassNP cn = {
s = \\_ => cn.s ! Sg ;
a = Agr Sg Per3
} ;
a_Det = {s = pre {"a"|"e"|"i"|"o" => "an" ; _ => "a"} ; n = Sg} ; --- a/an can get wrong
aPl_Det = {s = "" ; n = Pl} ;
the_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Sg} ;
thePl_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Pl} ;
UseN n = n ;
AdjCN ap cn = {
s = table {n => ap.s ++ cn.s ! n}
} ;
PositA a = a ;
PrepNP prep np = {s = prep.s ++ np.s ! Acc} ;
CoordS conj a b = {s = a.s ++ conj.s ++ b.s} ;
PPos = {s = [] ; isTrue = True} ;
PNeg = {s = [] ; isTrue = False} ;
TSim = {s = [] ; isPres = True} ;
TAnt = {s = [] ; isPres = False} ;
and_Conj = {s = "and"} ;
or_Conj = {s = "or"} ;
every_Det = {s = "every" ; n = Sg} ;
in_Prep = {s = "in"} ;
on_Prep = {s = "on"} ;
with_Prep = {s = "with"} ;
i_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "I" ; Acc => "me"} ;
a = Agr Sg Per1
} ;
youSg_Pron = {
s = \\_ => "you" ;
a = Agr Sg Per2
} ;
he_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "he" ; Acc => "him"} ;
a = Agr Sg Per3
} ;
she_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "she" ; Acc => "her"} ;
a = Agr Sg Per3
} ;
we_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "we" ; Acc => "us"} ;
a = Agr Pl Per1
} ;
youPl_Pron = {
s = \\_ => "you" ;
a = Agr Pl Per2
} ;
they_Pron = {
s = table {Nom => "they" ; Acc => "them"} ;
a = Agr Pl Per3
} ;
whoSg_IP = {
s = table {Nom => "who" ; Acc => "whom"} ;
a = Agr Sg Per3
} ;
where_IAdv = {s = "where"} ;
why_IAdv = {s = "why"} ;
have_V2 = mkVerb "have" "has" "had" "had" "having" ** {c = []} ;
want_VV = regVerb "want" ;
}

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--# -path=.:../abstract
concrete MiniLangEng of MiniLang = MiniGrammarEng, MiniLexiconEng ;

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UseCl, UseQCl, ImpVP {"not"} PART advmod head
UseComp {"is","are","am","was","were","been","be"} AUX cop head
PredVP, QuestVP {"has","had","have","do","does"} AUX aux head
ImpVP {"do"} AUX aux head
ComplVS {"that"} SCONJ mark ccomp
ComplVV {"to"} PART mark xcomp

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lab2/grammar/english/MiniLexiconEng.gf Normal file
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concrete MiniLexiconEng of MiniLexicon = MiniGrammarEng **
open
MiniParadigmsEng
in {
lin already_Adv = mkAdv "already" ;
lin animal_N = mkN "animal" ;
lin apple_N = mkN "apple" ;
lin baby_N = mkN "baby" ;
lin bad_A = mkA "bad" ;
lin beer_N = mkN "beer" ;
lin big_A = mkA "big" ;
lin bike_N = mkN "bike" ;
lin bird_N = mkN "bird" ;
lin black_A = mkA "black" ;
lin blood_N = mkN "blood" ;
lin blue_A = mkA "blue" ;
lin boat_N = mkN "boat" ;
lin book_N = mkN "book" ;
lin boy_N = mkN "boy" ;
lin bread_N = mkN "bread" ;
lin break_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "break" "broke" "broken") ;
lin buy_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "buy" "bought" "bought") ;
lin car_N = mkN "car" ;
lin cat_N = mkN "cat" ;
lin child_N = mkN "child" "children" ;
lin city_N = mkN "city" ;
lin clean_A = mkA "clean" ;
lin clever_A = mkA "clever" ;
lin cloud_N = mkN "cloud" ;
lin cold_A = mkA "cold" ;
lin come_V = mkV "come" "came" "come" ;
lin computer_N = mkN "computer" ;
lin cow_N = mkN "cow" ;
lin dirty_A = mkA "dirty" ;
lin dog_N = mkN "dog" ;
lin drink_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "drink" "drank" "drunk") ;
lin eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "eat" "ate" "eaten") ;
lin find_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "find" "found" "found") ;
lin fire_N = mkN "fire" ;
lin fish_N = mkN "fish" "fish" ;
lin flower_N = mkN "flower" ;
lin friend_N = mkN "friend" ;
lin girl_N = mkN "girl" ;
lin good_A = mkA "good" ;
lin go_V = mkV "go" "went" "gone" ;
lin grammar_N = mkN "grammar" ;
lin green_A = mkA "green" ;
lin heavy_A = mkA "heavy" ;
lin horse_N = mkN "horse" ;
lin hot_A = mkA "hot" ;
lin house_N = mkN "house" ;
lin john_PN = mkPN "John" ;
lin jump_V = mkV "jump" ;
lin kill_V2 = mkV2 "kill" ;
lin know_VS = mkVS (mkV "know" "knew" "known") ;
lin language_N = mkN "language" ;
lin live_V = mkV "live" ;
lin love_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "love") ;
lin man_N = mkN "man" "men" ;
lin milk_N = mkN "milk" ;
lin music_N = mkN "music" ;
lin new_A = mkA "new" ;
lin now_Adv = mkAdv "now" ;
lin old_A = mkA "old" ;
lin paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" ;
lin play_V = mkV "play" ;
lin read_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "read" "read" "read") ;
lin ready_A = mkA "ready" ;
lin red_A = mkA "red" ;
lin river_N = mkN "river" ;
lin run_V = mkV "run" "ran" "run" ;
lin sea_N = mkN "sea" ;
lin see_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "see" "saw" "seen") ;
lin ship_N = mkN "ship" ;
lin sleep_V = mkV "sleep" "slept" "slept" ;
lin small_A = mkA "small" ;
lin star_N = mkN "star" ;
lin swim_V = mkV "swim" "swam" "swum" ;
lin teach_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "teach" "taught" "taught") ;
lin train_N = mkN "train" ;
lin travel_V = mkV "travel" ;
lin tree_N = mkN "tree" ;
lin understand_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "understand" "understood" "understood") ;
lin wait_V2 = mkV2 "wait" "for" ;
lin walk_V = mkV "walk" ;
lin warm_A = mkA "warm" ;
lin water_N = mkN "water" ;
lin white_A = mkA "white" ;
lin wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
lin woman_N = mkN "woman" "women" ;
lin yellow_A = mkA "yellow" ;
lin young_A = mkA "young" ;
}

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lab2/grammar/english/MiniParadigmsEng.gf Normal file
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resource MiniParadigmsEng = open
MiniGrammarEng,
MiniResEng
in {
oper
mkN = overload {
mkN : Str -> Noun -- predictable noun, e.g. car-cars, boy-boys, fly-flies, bush-bushes
= \n -> lin N (smartNoun n) ;
mkN : Str -> Str -> Noun -- irregular noun, e.g. man-men
= \sg,pl -> lin N (mkNoun sg pl) ;
} ;
mkPN : Str -> PN
= \s -> lin PN {s = s} ;
mkA : Str -> A
= \s -> lin A {s = s} ;
mkV = overload {
mkV : (inf : Str) -> V -- predictable verb, e.g. play-plays, cry-cries, wash-washes
= \s -> lin V (smartVerb s) ;
mkV : (inf,pres,part : Str) -> V -- irregular verb, e.g. drink-drank-drunk
= \inf,pres,part -> lin V (irregVerb inf pres part) ;
} ;
mkV2 = overload {
mkV2 : Str -> V2 -- predictable verb with direct object, e.g. "wash"
= \s -> lin V2 (smartVerb s ** {c = []}) ;
mkV2 : Str -> Str -> V2 -- predictable verb with preposition, e.g. "wait - for"
= \s,p -> lin V2 (smartVerb s ** {c = p}) ;
mkV2 : V -> V2 -- any verb with direct object, e.g. "drink"
= \v -> lin V2 (v ** {c = []}) ;
mkV2 : V -> Str -> V2 -- any verb with preposition
= \v,p -> lin V2 (v ** {c = p}) ;
} ;
mkVS : V -> VS
= \v -> lin VS v ;
mkAdv : Str -> Adv
= \s -> lin Adv {s = s} ;
mkPrep : Str -> Prep
= \s -> lin Prep {s = s} ;
}

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resource MiniResEng = open Prelude in {
param
Number = Sg | Pl ;
Case = Nom | Acc ;
Person = Per1 | Per2 | Per3 ;
Agreement = Agr Number Person ;
-- all forms of normal Eng verbs, although not yet used in MiniGrammar
VForm = Inf | PresSg3 | Past | PastPart | PresPart ;
oper
Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
mkNoun : Str -> Str -> Noun = \sg,pl -> {
s = table {Sg => sg ; Pl => pl}
} ;
regNoun : Str -> Noun = \sg -> mkNoun sg (sg + "s") ;
-- smart paradigm
smartNoun : Str -> Noun = \sg -> case sg of {
_ + ("ay"|"ey"|"oy"|"uy") => regNoun sg ;
x + "y" => mkNoun sg (x + "ies") ;
_ + ("ch"|"sh"|"s"|"o") => mkNoun sg (sg + "es") ;
_ => regNoun sg
} ;
Adjective : Type = {s : Str} ;
Verb : Type = {s : VForm => Str} ;
mkVerb : (inf,pres,past,pastpart,prespart : Str) -> Verb
= \inf,pres,past,pastpart,prespart -> {
s = table {
Inf => inf ;
PresSg3 => pres ;
Past => past ;
PastPart => pastpart ;
PresPart => prespart
}
} ;
regVerb : (inf : Str) -> Verb = \inf ->
mkVerb inf (inf + "s") (inf + "ed") (inf + "ed") (inf + "ing") ;
-- regular verbs with predictable variations
smartVerb : Str -> Verb = \inf -> case inf of {
pl + ("a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u") + "y" => regVerb inf ;
cr + "y" => mkVerb inf (cr + "ies") (cr + "ied") (cr + "ied") (inf + "ing") ;
lov + "e" => mkVerb inf (inf + "s") (lov + "ed") (lov + "ed") (lov + "ing") ;
kis + ("s"|"sh"|"x"|"o") => mkVerb inf (inf + "es") (inf + "ed") (inf + "ed") (inf + "ing") ;
_ => regVerb inf
} ;
-- normal irregular verbs e.g. drink,drank,drunk
irregVerb : (inf,past,pastpart : Str) -> Verb =
\inf,past,pastpart ->
let verb = smartVerb inf
in mkVerb inf (verb.s ! PresSg3) past pastpart (verb.s ! PresPart) ;
negation : Bool -> Str = \b -> case b of {True => [] ; False => "not"} ;
-- two-place verb with "case" as preposition; for transitive verbs, c=[]
Verb2 : Type = Verb ** {c : Str} ;
-- generalized verb, here just "be"
param
GVForm = VF VForm | PresSg1 | PresPl | PastPl ;
oper
GVerb : Type = {
s : GVForm => Str ;
isAux : Bool
} ;
be_GVerb : GVerb = {
s = table {
PresSg1 => "am" ;
PresPl => "are" ;
PastPl => "were" ;
VF vf => (mkVerb "be" "is" "was" "been" "being").s ! vf
} ;
isAux = True
} ;
-- in VP formation, all verbs are lifted to GVerb, but morphology doesn't need to know this
verb2gverb : Verb -> GVerb = \v -> {s =
table {
PresSg1 => v.s ! Inf ;
PresPl => v.s ! Inf ;
PastPl => v.s ! Past ;
VF vf => v.s ! vf
} ;
isAux = False
} ;
}