abstract Military = MidLevelOntology ** {

  --  A modern nation_states' air forces 
  -- (the whole branch of service) and not a subdivision thereof.
  fun AirForce_BranchOfService : Class ;
  fun AirForce_BranchOfService_Class : SubClass AirForce_BranchOfService MilitaryOrganization ;

  -- (AvailableForMilitaryServiceMaleFn
  --  ?AREA) denotes the Integer that represents the count of the population of 
  -- males of military age in the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA.
  fun AvailableForMilitaryServiceMaleFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind Integer ;

  -- In military terminology, a battalion consists of 
  -- two to six companies typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. The 
  -- nomenclature varies by nationality and by branch of arms, e.g. some 
  -- armies organize their infantry into battalions, but call battalion_sized 
  -- cavalry, reconnaissance, or tank units a squadron or a regiment instead. 
  -- There may even be subtle distinctions within a nation's branches of arms, 
  -- such a distinction between a tank battalion and an armored squadron, 
  -- depending on how the unit's operational role is perceived to fit into the 
  -- army's historical organization. A battalion is potentially the smallest 
  -- military unit capable of independent operations (i.e. not attached to a 
  -- higher command), but is usually part of a regiment or a brigade or both, 
  -- depending on the organizational model used by that service. Battalions 
  -- are ordinarily homogeneous with respect to type (e.g. an infantry 
  -- battalion or a tank battalion), although there are occasional 
  -- exceptions. (from Wikipedia)
  fun Battalion : Class ;
  fun Battalion_Class : SubClass Battalion MilitaryUnit ;

  -- Brigade is a term from military science which 
  -- refers to a group of several battalions (typically two to four), and 
  -- directly attached supporting units (normally including at least an 
  -- artillery battery and additional logistic support). A brigade is smaller 
  -- than a division and roughly equal to or a little larger than a regiment. 
  -- Strength typically ranges between 1,500 and 3,500 personnel. (from Wikipedia)
  fun Brigade : Class ;
  fun Brigade_Class : SubClass Brigade MilitaryUnit ;

  -- In military organizations, an officer 
  -- is a member of the service who holds a position of responsibility. 
  -- Commissioned officers derive authority directly from a sovereign power 
  -- and, as such, hold a commission charging them with the duties and 
  -- responsibilities of a specific office or position. Commissioned officers 
  -- are typically the only persons in a military able to exercise command 
  -- (according to the most technical definition of the word) over a military 
  -- unit. Non_commissioned officers in positions of authority can be said to 
  -- have control or charge rather than command per se, although the use of the 
  -- word command to describe any use of authority is widespread and often 
  -- official. (from Wikipedia)
  fun CommissionedOfficerRank : Class ;
  fun CommissionedOfficerRank_Class : SubClass CommissionedOfficerRank MilitaryRank ;

  -- The ranks of junior officers are the 
  -- three or four lowest ranks of officers, possibily complicated by the 
  -- status of trainee officers. Their units are generally not expected to 
  -- operate independently for any significant length of time. Typical ranks 
  -- for this level are captains, who typically lead companies and smaller 
  -- units Lieutenant. Company grade officers will also fill staff roles in 
  -- some units. (from Wikipedia)
  fun CompanyGradeRank : Class ;
  fun CompanyGradeRank_Class : SubClass CompanyGradeRank CommissionedOfficerRank ;

  -- A company is a military unit, typically 
  -- consisting of 100_200 soldiers. Most companies are formed of three or 
  -- four platoons although the exact number may vary by country, unit type and 
  -- structure. (from Wikipedia)
  fun Company_Military : Class ;
  fun Company_Military_Class : SubClass Company_Military MilitaryUnit ;

  -- Soldiers who are enlisted in some 
  -- military and have no command.
  fun EnlistedSoldierRank : Class ;
  fun EnlistedSoldierRank_Class : SubClass EnlistedSoldierRank MilitaryRank ;

  -- Senior officers who typically 
  -- command units that can be expected to operate independently for short 
  -- periods of time (battalions and regiments, large warships). Field Grade 
  -- officers also commonly fill staff positions. (from Wikipedia)
  fun FieldGradeOfficerRank : Class ;
  fun FieldGradeOfficerRank_Class : SubClass FieldGradeOfficerRank CommissionedOfficerRank ;

  -- (FitForMilitaryServiceMaleFn
  --  ?AREA) denotes the Integer that represents the count of the population of 
  -- males of military age in the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA that is also capable
  -- of being a member of the military.
  fun FitForMilitaryServiceMaleFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> Ind Integer ;

  -- Admirals (Navy), Generals (Army) and 
  -- Marshals who typically command units that are expected to operate 
  -- independently for extended periods of time (brigades and larger, fleets of 
  -- ships). (from Wikipedia)
  fun FlagOfficerRank : Class ;
  fun FlagOfficerRank_Class : SubClass FlagOfficerRank CommissionedOfficerRank ;

  -- Military operations conducted to distribute food to the friendly force. (from FM 100_40)
  fun FoodDistributionOperation : Class ;
  fun FoodDistributionOperation_Class : SubClass FoodDistributionOperation (both Getting (both Giving MilitaryOperation)) ;

  -- A MilitaryUnit composed primarily of Soldiers 
  -- who fight on foot, i.e. without the use of heavy artillery.
  fun InfantryUnit : Class ;
  fun InfantryUnit_Class : SubClass InfantryUnit MilitaryUnit ;

  -- Ranks with grade E5 or E6.
  fun JuniorNCORank : Class ;
  fun JuniorNCORank_Class : SubClass JuniorNCORank NonCommissionedOfficerRank ;

  -- Modern nation_states' marine units (the 
  -- whole branch of service) and not a subdivision thereof.
  fun Marines_BranchOfService : Class ;
  fun Marines_BranchOfService_Class : SubClass Marines_BranchOfService MilitaryOrganization ;

  -- A Convoy of MilitaryVehicles, travelling to the same 
  -- at least intermediate destination, in relatively close proximity.
  fun MilitaryConvoy : Class ;
  fun MilitaryConvoy_Class : SubClass MilitaryConvoy Convoy ;

  -- Trucks used by a military to transport food.
  fun MilitaryFoodTruck : Class ;
  fun MilitaryFoodTruck_Class : SubClass MilitaryFoodTruck MilitarySupportVehicle ;

  -- A MilitaryOperation is distinguished 
  -- from the broader class of MilitaryProcess in that it is planned in 
  -- advance.
  fun MilitaryOperation : Class ;
  fun MilitaryOperation_Class : SubClass MilitaryOperation MilitaryProcess ;

  -- Military platforms. These are usually mobile 
  -- entities which can carry military equipment such as Weapons and 
  -- communications equipment. Often, as with a tank outfitted with a gun, a 
  -- MilitaryPlatform carrying some Weapon comprises a WeaponSystem.
  fun MilitaryPlatform : Class ;
  fun MilitaryPlatform_Class : SubClass MilitaryPlatform TransportationDevice ;

  -- The class of Positions in a Military. Rank is usually commensurate
  -- with degrees of power, prestige and pay.
  fun MilitaryRank : Class ;
  fun MilitaryRank_Class : SubClass MilitaryRank SkilledOccupation ;

  -- Trucks used by a military to transport supplies.
  fun MilitarySupplyTruck : Class ;
  fun MilitarySupplyTruck_Class : SubClass MilitarySupplyTruck (both MilitarySupportVehicle Truck) ;

  -- Vehicles meant to be used for support, rather
  -- than combat in a military context.
  fun MilitarySupportVehicle : Class ;
  fun MilitarySupportVehicle_Class : SubClass MilitarySupportVehicle MilitaryVehicle ;

  fun MilitaryVehicle_MilitaryPlatform : SubClass MilitaryVehicle MilitaryPlatform ;

  -- Modern nation_states' naval air 
  -- forces (the whole branch of service) and not a subdivision thereof.
  fun NavalAirForce_BranchOfService : Class ;
  fun NavalAirForce_BranchOfService_Class : SubClass NavalAirForce_BranchOfService MilitaryOrganization ;

  -- MilitaryOrganizations that are sea forces.
  fun Navy_BranchOfService : Class ;
  fun Navy_BranchOfService_Class : SubClass Navy_BranchOfService MilitaryOrganization ;

  -- Non_commissioned officers, or NCOs, in 
  -- positions of authority can be said to have control or charge rather than 
  -- command per se, although the use of the word command to describe any use 
  -- of authority is widespread and often official. This is distinguished from 
  -- the official responsibility for command entrusted to a 
  -- CommissionedOfficer. NCOs are enlisted positions. (from Wikipedia)
  fun NonCommissionedOfficerRank : Class ;
  fun NonCommissionedOfficerRank_Class : SubClass NonCommissionedOfficerRank EnlistedSoldierRank ;

  -- A MilitaryUnit, the purpose of which is
  -- to prevent violent actions but providing deterrent to such actions through
  -- the threat of overwhelming retaliation.
  fun PeacekeepingUnit : Class ;
  fun PeacekeepingUnit_Class : SubClass PeacekeepingUnit MilitaryUnit ;

  -- Platoon is a term from military science. In an 
  -- army, a platoon is a unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded 
  -- by a Lieutenant assisted by a non_commissioned officer. A platoon is 
  -- formed by at least two squads (usually 3 or 4) and is smaller than a 
  -- company (typically there are 3 or 4 platoons per company). Most platoons 
  -- are infantry platoons, some carry other designations such as mortar or 
  -- heavy weapons platoons. A platoon is the smallest military unit led by a 
  -- commissioned officer. (from Wikipedia)
  fun Platoon : Class ;
  fun Platoon_Class : SubClass Platoon MilitaryUnit ;

  -- The lowest group of ranks in the military
  -- (Grade E1 through E4). These Soldiers usually have no authority
  -- based on their ranks.
  fun PrivateRank : Class ;
  fun PrivateRank_Class : SubClass PrivateRank EnlistedSoldierRank ;

  -- (equal (ReachingMilitaryAgeAnnuallyMaleFn ?AREA ?YEAR) ?COUNT) means that in the
  -- GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, there are ?COUNT number of male individuals who for 
  -- that year ?YEAR come to be of militaryAge.
  fun ReachingMilitaryAgeAnnuallyMaleFn : El GeopoliticalArea -> El Year -> Ind Integer ;

  -- Military operations conducted to protect the friendly 
  -- force by providing early and accurate warning of enemy operations, to provide the force 
  -- being protected with time and maneuver space within which to react to the enemy, and to 
  -- develop the situation to allow the commander to effectively use the protected force. 
  -- Security operations orient on the force or facility to be protected, rather than on the 
  -- enemy. (from FM 100_40).
  fun SecurityOperation : Class ;
  fun SecurityOperation_Class : SubClass SecurityOperation MilitaryOperation ;

  -- Ranks with grade E7 through E9.
  fun SeniorNCORank : Class ;
  fun SeniorNCORank_Class : SubClass SeniorNCORank NonCommissionedOfficerRank ;

  -- Any Soldier who is tasked with carrying the colors of his/her unit in Battles and parades.
  fun StandardBearer : Class ;
  fun StandardBearer_Class : SubClass StandardBearer Soldier ;

  -- Any Soldier who served during the American Civil War
  fun USCivilWarSoldier : Ind Soldier ;

  -- The class of Positions in the USMilitary.
  fun USMilitaryRank : Class ;
  fun USMilitaryRank_Class : SubClass USMilitaryRank MilitaryRank ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously called
  -- Airman Basic in the Air Force, Private in the USArmy, 
  -- Private in the USMarineCorps, and Seaman Recruit in the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE1 : Ind (both PrivateRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously called
  -- Airman in the Air Force, Private in the USArmy, 
  -- Private First Class in the USMarineCorps, and Seaman Apprentice in the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE2 : Ind (both PrivateRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously called
  -- Airman First Class in the Air Force, Private First Class in the USArmy, 
  -- Lance Corporal in the USMarineCorps, and Seaman in the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE3 : Ind (both PrivateRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously called
  -- Senior Airman in the Air Force, Specialist or Corporal in the USArmy, 
  -- Corporal in the USMarineCorps, and Petty Officer 3rd Class in the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE4 : Ind (both PrivateRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously called
  -- Staff Sergeant in the Air Force, Sergeant in the USArmy, 
  -- Sergeant in the USMarineCorps, and Petty Officer 2nd Class in the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE5 : Ind (both JuniorNCORank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously called
  -- Technical Sergeant in the Air Force, Staff Sergeant in the USArmy, 
  -- Staff Sergeant in the USMarineCorps, and Petty Officer 1st Class in the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE6 : Ind (both JuniorNCORank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously called
  -- Master Sergeant in the Air Force, Sergeant First Class in the USArmy, 
  -- Gunnery Sergeant in the USMarineCorps, and Chief Petty Officer in the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE7 : Ind (both SeniorNCORank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously called
  -- Senior Master Sergeant in the Air Force, Master Sergeant or First Sergeant in the USArmy, 
  -- Master Sergeant or First Sergeant in the USMarineCorps, and Senior Chief Petty Officer in the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE8 : Ind (both SeniorNCORank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A USMilitaryRank that is variously 
  -- called Chief Master Sergeant or Command Chief Master Sergeant or Chief 
  -- Master Sergeant of the Air Force in the Air Force, Sergeant Major or 
  -- Command Sergeant Major or Sergeant Major of the Army in the USArmy, 
  -- Master Gunnery Sergeant or Sergeant Major or Sergeant Major of the Marine 
  -- Corps in the USMarineCorps, and Master Chief Petty Officer or Command 
  -- Master Chief Petty Officer or Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy in 
  -- the USNavy.
  fun USMilitaryRankE9 : Ind (both SeniorNCORank USMilitaryRank) ;

  -- A special USMilitaryRank above E9 that marks usually the end of
  -- carrier of non_commissioned officers.
  fun USMilitaryRankE9special : Ind (both USMilitaryRank SeniorNCORank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO1 : Ind (both CompanyGradeRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO10 : Ind (both FlagOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO2 : Ind (both CompanyGradeRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO3 : Ind (both CompanyGradeRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO4 : Ind (both FieldGradeOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO5 : Ind (both FieldGradeOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO6 : Ind (both FieldGradeOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO7 : Ind (both FlagOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO8 : Ind (both FlagOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankO9 : Ind (both FlagOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankSpecial : Ind (both FlagOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankWO1 : Ind (both USWarrantOfficerRank USMilitaryRank) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankWO2 : Ind (both USWarrantOfficerRank (both USMilitaryRank CommissionedOfficerRank)) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankWO3 : Ind (both USWarrantOfficerRank (both USMilitaryRank CommissionedOfficerRank)) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankWO4 : Ind (both USWarrantOfficerRank (both USMilitaryRank CommissionedOfficerRank)) ;

  fun USMilitaryRankWO5 : Ind (both USWarrantOfficerRank (both USMilitaryRank CommissionedOfficerRank)) ;

  -- Any Soldier who served
  -- during the American Revolutionary War
  fun USRevolutionaryWarSoldier : Ind Soldier ;

  -- In the United States military, a 
  -- warrant officer was originally, and strictly, a highly skilled, 
  -- single_track specialty officer. But as many chief warrant officers assume 
  -- positions as officer in charge or department head, along with the high 
  -- number of bachelor's and master’s degrees held within the community, their 
  -- contribution and expertise as a community is ever_increasing. There are 
  -- no 'warrant officers' per se in the U.S. Navy, but rather the term 'chief 
  -- warrant officer' is correct. In the U.S. Navy, a sailor must be in one 
  -- of the top three enlisted ranks to be eligible to become a Chief Warrant 
  -- Officer. In the U.S. Army, a person can progress to the warrant officer 
  -- rank at a grade lower than E_7 thus having a longer career and greater 
  -- opportunity to serve and grow. In the U.S. Marine Corps, after serving 
  -- at least eight years of enlisted service, and reaching the grade of E_5 
  -- (sergeant), an enlisted Marine can apply for the Warrant Officer program. 
  -- Upon the initial appointment to WO1 a warrant is given by the secretary of 
  -- the service, and upon promotion to chief warrant officer (CW2 and above) 
  -- they are commissioned by the President of the United States, take the same 
  -- oath and receive the same commission and charges as commissioned officers, 
  -- thus deriving their authority from the same source.
  fun USWarrantOfficerRank : Class ;
  fun USWarrantOfficerRank_Class : SubClass USWarrantOfficerRank CommissionedOfficerRank ;

  -- (betweenOnPath ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2 ?OBJ3 ?PATH) 
  -- means that ?OBJ2 is spatially located between ?OBJ1 and ?OBJ3 on the path 
  -- ?PATH. Note that this is a more specialized relation of between since any 
  -- object that is between others with respect to a particular path is also 
  -- simply between them.
  fun betweenOnPath : El Object -> El Object -> El Object -> Formula ;

  -- The typical MilitaryRank of
  -- the leader of an instance of the given MilitaryEchelon.
  fun commandRankOfEchelon: Desc MilitaryUnit -> El MilitaryRank -> Formula ;

  -- (fitForMilitaryService ?AGENT ?PROCESS)
  -- means that ?AGENT is capable of carrying out the MilitaryProcess ?PROCESS as
  -- the agent of the ?PROCESS.
  fun fitForMilitaryService: El CognitiveAgent -> Desc MilitaryProcess -> Formula ;

  -- (militaryAge ?AREA ?AGE) means that in the 
  -- GeopoliticalArea ?AREA, a person must be ?AGE or older in order to be a
  -- member of the military of the ?AREA.
  fun militaryAge : El GeopoliticalArea -> El TimeDuration -> Formula ;

  -- (militaryExpendituresFractionOfGDP ?AREA ?FRACTION) means 
  -- that the estimated military spending of the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is 
  -- ?FRACTION of the gross domestic product (GDP) of that area.
  fun militaryExpendituresFractionOfGDP : El GeopoliticalArea -> El RationalNumber -> Formula ;

  -- (militaryExpendituresFractionOfGDPInPeriod ?AREA ?FRACTION ?PERIOD) 
  -- means that the estimated military spending of the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA 
  -- was ?FRACTION of the gross domestic product (GDP) of that area during the
  -- TimeInterval indicated by ?PERIOD.
  fun militaryExpendituresFractionOfGDPInPeriod : El GeopoliticalArea -> El RationalNumber -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;

  -- (militaryExpendituresInUSDollars ?AREA ?AMOUNT) means that the 
  -- estimated military spending of the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA is ?AMOUNT 
  -- in UnitedStatesDollars. Note: This predicate was created to represent 
  -- data from the CIA World Fact Book, which calculates ?AMOUNT by multiplying 
  -- estimated percentage of ?AREA's budget spent on defense by its gross 
  -- domestic product (GDP) expressed in U.S. dollars. Note that this GDP is 
  -- calculated by the exchange rate method rather than by 
  -- PPPBasedEconomicValuation. Military expenditures data is approximate.
  fun militaryExpendituresInUSDollars : El GeopoliticalArea -> El CurrencyMeasure -> Formula ;

  -- (militaryExpendituresInUSDollarsInPeriod ?AREA ?AMOUNT ?PERIOD) means 
  -- that the estimated military spending of the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA was 
  -- ?AMOUNT in UnitedStatesDollars during the TimeInterval indicated by 
  -- ?PERIOD. Note: This predicate was created to represent data from the CIA 
  -- World Fact Book, which calculates ?AMOUNT by multiplying estimated defense 
  -- spending of an ?AREA in percentage terms by the gross domestic product (GDP) 
  -- for ?PERIOD. Note that for this figure, GDP is calculated by the exchange 
  -- rate method rather than by PPPBasedEconomicValuation. In any case, 
  -- military expenditures data should be treated as only approximate.
  fun militaryExpendituresInUSDollarsInPeriod : El GeopoliticalArea -> El CurrencyMeasure -> El TimeInterval -> Formula ;

  -- (militaryOfArea ?MILITARY ?AREA) 
  -- denotes that ?MILITARY is a MilitaryOrganization serving in defense of 
  -- the GeopoliticalArea ?AREA.
  fun militaryOfArea : El MilitaryOrganization -> El GeopoliticalArea -> Formula ;

  -- A subEchelon is a relationship between
  -- named organizational unit types in which a unit of one type is a
  -- subOrganization of the other.
  fun subEchelon: Desc MilitaryUnit -> Desc MilitaryUnit -> Formula ;

}
