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COnstructors complete
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aarne
@@ -44,12 +44,15 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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-- also applied to all other rules in which the category appears.
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-- + The constructors in a group are listed, roughly,
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-- *from the most common to the most general*. This does not of course specify
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-- a total order. Often the most common is also the most general.
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-- a total order.
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-- + Optional argument types are marked in parentheses. Although parentheses make no
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-- difference in the way the GF compiler treats the types, their presence indicates
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-- to the reader that the corresponding arguments can be left out; internally, the
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-- library has an overload case for each such combination.
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-- + Each constructor case is equipped with an example that is built by that
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-- case but could not be built with any other one.
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--
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--
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-- *NB* the ones marked with $--%$ are currently not implemented.
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--2 Texts, phrases, and utterances
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@@ -62,9 +65,7 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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oper
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mkText : overload {
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mkText : Phr -> Text ; -- John walks.
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mkText : Phr -> Text -> Text ; -- John walks. Yes!
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mkText : Phr -> Punct -> Text ; -- John walks!
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mkText : Phr -> Punct -> Text -> Text ; -- John walks? Yes!
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mkText : Phr -> (Punct) -> (Text) -> Text ; -- John walks? Yes!
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-- A text can also be directly built from utterances, which in turn can
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-- be directly built from sentences, present-tense clauses, questions, or
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@@ -97,19 +98,16 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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mkPhr : overload {
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mkPhr : Utt -> Phr ; -- why
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mkPhr : Utt -> Voc -> Phr ; --% why John
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mkPhr : PConj -> Utt -> Phr ; --% but why
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mkPhr : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr ; -- but why John
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mkPhr : (PConj) -> Utt -> (Voc) -> Phr ; -- but why John
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-- A phrase can also be directly built by a sentence, a present-tense
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-- clause, a question, or an imperative. Imperatives have by default
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-- positive polarity.
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-- clause, a question, or a positive singular imperative.
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mkPhr : S -> Phr ; -- John walked
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mkPhr : Cl -> Phr ; -- John walks
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mkPhr : QS -> Phr ; --% Did John walk?
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mkPhr : Imp -> Phr --% Walk!
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mkPhr : QS -> Phr ; -- did John walk
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mkPhr : Imp -> Phr -- walk
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} ;
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--3 PConj, phrasal conjunctions
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@@ -128,27 +126,25 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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--3 Utt, utterances
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-- Utterances are formed from sentences, questions, and imperatives.
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-- Utterances are formed from sentences, clauses, questions, and positive singular imperatives.
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mkUtt : overload {
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mkUtt : S -> Utt ; -- John walked
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mkUtt : Cl -> Utt ; -- John walks
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mkUtt : QS -> Utt ; -- did John walk
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mkUtt : Imp -> Utt ; -- help yourself
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-- Imperatives vary in $ImpForm$ (number/politeness) and
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-- Imperatives can also vary in $ImpForm$ (number/politeness) and
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-- polarity.
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mkUtt : Imp -> Utt ; -- help yourself
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mkUtt : Pol -> Imp -> Utt ; -- don't help yourself
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mkUtt : ImpForm -> Imp -> Utt ; -- help yourselves
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mkUtt : ImpForm -> Pol -> Imp -> Utt ; -- don't help yourselves
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mkUtt : (ImpForm) -> (Pol) -> Imp -> Utt ; -- don't help yourselves
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-- Utterances can also be formed from interrogative phrases and
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-- interrogative adverbials, noun phrases, adverbs, and verb phrases.
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mkUtt : IP -> Utt ; -- who
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mkUtt : IAdv -> Utt ; -- why
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mkUtt : NP -> Utt ; -- this man
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mkUtt : NP -> Utt ; -- John
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mkUtt : Adv -> Utt ; -- here
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mkUtt : VP -> Utt -- to walk
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} ;
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@@ -207,13 +203,7 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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mkS : overload {
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mkS : Cl -> S ; -- John walks
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mkS : Pol -> Cl -> S ; -- John doesn't walk
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mkS : Ant -> Cl -> S ; -- John has walked
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mkS : Ant -> Pol -> Cl -> S ; -- John hasn't walked
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mkS : Tense -> Cl -> S ; -- John walked
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mkS : Tense -> Pol -> Cl -> S ; -- John didn't walk
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mkS : Tense -> Ant -> Cl -> S ; -- John had walked
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mkS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> Cl -> S ; -- John wouldn't have walked
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mkS : (Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> Cl -> S ; -- John wouldn't have walked
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-- Sentences can be combined with conjunctions. This can apply to a pair
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-- of sentences, but also to a list of more than two.
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@@ -237,24 +227,24 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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mkCl : overload {
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mkCl : NP -> V -> Cl ; -- John walks
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mkCl : NP -> V2 -> NP -> Cl ; -- John loves her
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mkCl : NP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; --% John sends it to her
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mkCl : NP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- John sends it to her
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mkCl : NP -> AP -> Cl ; -- John is nice and warm
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mkCl : NP -> A -> Cl ; -- John is nice
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mkCl : NP -> A -> NP -> Cl ; -- John is nicer than Mary
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mkCl : NP -> A2 -> NP -> Cl ; -- John is married to Mary
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mkCl : NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- John is the man
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mkCl : NP -> CN -> Cl ; --% John is an old man
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mkCl : NP -> N -> Cl ; --% John is a man
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mkCl : NP -> CN -> Cl ; -- John is an old man
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mkCl : NP -> N -> Cl ; -- John is a man
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mkCl : NP -> Adv -> Cl ; -- John is here
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-- More generally, clause can be built from a subject noun phrase and
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-- As the general rule, a clause can be built from a subject noun phrase and
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-- a verb phrase.
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mkCl : NP -> VP -> Cl ; -- John wants to walk
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-- Subjectless verb phrases are used for impersonal actions.
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mkCl : V -> Cl ; --% it rains
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mkCl : V -> Cl ; -- it rains
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mkCl : VP -> Cl ; -- it is getting warm
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-- Existentials are a special form of clauses.
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@@ -268,7 +258,7 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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mkCl : Adv -> S -> Cl -- it is here John walks
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} ;
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-- Generic clauses have an impersonal subject.
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-- Generic clauses are one with an impersonal subject.
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genericCl : VP -> Cl ; -- one walks
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@@ -292,10 +282,10 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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-- The verb can also be a copula ("be"), and the relevant argument is
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-- then the complement adjective or noun phrase.
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mkVP : A -> VP ; --% be warm
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mkVP : A -> VP ; -- be warm
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mkVP : AP -> VP ; -- be very warm
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mkVP : N -> VP ; --% be a man
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mkVP : CN -> VP ; --% be an old man
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mkVP : N -> VP ; -- be a man
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mkVP : CN -> VP ; -- be an old man
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mkVP : NP -> VP ; -- be the old man
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mkVP : Adv -> VP ; -- be here
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@@ -312,8 +302,8 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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-- Two-place verbs can also be used in the passive, with or without an agent.
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passiveVP : overload {
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passiveVP : V2 -> VP ; --% be loved
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passiveVP : V2 -> NP -> VP ; --% be loved by her
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passiveVP : V2 -> VP ; -- be loved
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passiveVP : V2 -> NP -> VP ; -- be loved by her
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} ;
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-- A verb phrase can be turned into the progressive form.
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@@ -322,8 +312,8 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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--3 Imp, imperatives
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-- Imperatives are formed from verbs and their arguments; in the general
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-- case, from verb phrases.
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-- Imperatives are formed from verbs and their arguments; as the general
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-- rule, from verb phrases.
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mkImp : overload {
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mkImp : V -> Imp ; -- go
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@@ -335,21 +325,42 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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--2 Noun phrases and determiners
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--3 NP, noun phrases
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-- A noun phrases can be built from a determiner and a common noun ($CN$) .
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-- For determiners, the special cases of quantifiers, numerals, integers,
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-- and possessive pronouns are provided. For common nouns, the
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-- special case of a simple common noun ($N$) is always provided.
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mkNP : overload {
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mkNP : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- the old man
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mkNP : Det -> N -> NP ; -- the man
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mkNP : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- the first old man
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mkNP : Det -> N -> NP ; -- the first man
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mkNP : QuantSg -> CN -> NP ; -- this old man
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mkNP : QuantSg -> N -> NP ; -- this man
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mkNP : QuantPl -> CN -> NP ; -- these old men
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mkNP : QuantPl -> N -> NP ; -- these men
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mkNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- forty-five old men
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mkNP : Num -> N -> NP ; -- forty-five men
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mkNP : Int -> CN -> NP ; -- 51 old men
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mkNP : Int -> N -> NP ; -- 51 men
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mkNP : Digit -> CN -> NP; -- five old men
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mkNP : Digit -> N -> NP ; -- five men
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mkNP : Int -> CN -> NP ; -- 45 old men
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mkNP : Int -> N -> NP ; -- 45 men
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mkNP : Pron -> CN -> NP; -- my old man
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mkNP : Pron -> N -> NP ; -- my man
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-- Proper names and pronouns can be used as noun phrases.
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mkNP : PN -> NP ; -- John
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mkNP : Pron -> NP ; -- he
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mkNP : Predet -> NP -> NP ; -- all the men
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-- A noun phrase once formed can be prefixed by a predeterminer and
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-- suffixed by a past participle or an adverb.
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mkNP : Predet -> NP -> NP ; -- only John
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mkNP : NP -> V2 -> NP ; -- the number squared
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mkNP : NP -> Adv -> NP ; -- Paris at midnight
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-- A conjunction can be formed both from two noun phrases and a longer
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-- list of them.
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mkNP : Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP ; -- John and Mary
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mkNP : DConj -> NP -> NP -> NP ; -- both John and Mary
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mkNP : Conj -> ListNP -> NP ; -- John, Mary, and Bill
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@@ -357,190 +368,405 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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} ;
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--3 Det, determiners
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-- A determiner is either a singular or a plural one.
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-- Both have a quantifier and an optional ordinal; the plural
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-- determiner also has an optional numeral.
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mkDet : overload {
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mkDet : QuantSg -> Ord -> Det ; -- this best
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mkDet : QuantSg -> Det ; -- this
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mkDet : QuantPl -> Num -> Ord -> Det ; -- these five best
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mkDet : QuantSg -> (Ord) -> Det ; -- this best
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mkDet : QuantPl -> Det ; -- these
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mkDet : QuantPl -> (Num) -> (Ord) -> Det ; -- these five best
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-- Quantifiers that have both singular and plural forms are by default used as
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-- singular determiners. If a numeral is added, the plural form is chosen.
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mkDet : Quant -> Det ; -- this
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mkDet : Quant -> Num -> Det ; -- these five
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mkDet : Num -> Det ; -- forty-five
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-- Numerals, their special cases integers and digits, and possessive pronouns can be
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-- used as determiners.
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mkDet : Num -> Det ; -- almost forty-five
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mkDet : Numeral -> Det ; -- five
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mkDet : Int -> Det ; -- 51
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mkDet : Digit -> Det ; -- five
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mkDet : Pron -> Det -- my
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} ;
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mkQuantSg : Quant -> QuantSg ;
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-- The definite and indefinite articles are commonly used determiners.
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mkQuantPl : Quant -> QuantPl ;
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defSgDet : Det ; -- the (house)
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defPlDet : Det ; -- the (houses)
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indefSgDet : Det ; -- a (house)
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indefPlDet : Det ; -- (houses)
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def_Det : Det ; -- the (man)
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indef_Det : Det ; -- a (man)
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mass_Det : Det ; -- (water)
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--3 Quant, QuantSg, and QuantPl, quantifiers
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-- More determiners are available in the Structural module
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-- Definite and indefinite articles have both singular and plural forms (even though the
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-- plural indefinite is empty in most languages).
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defQuant : Quant ; -- the
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indefQuant : Quant ; -- a
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-- From quantifiers that can have both forms, these constructors build the singular and
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-- the plural forms.
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mkQuantSg : Quant -> QuantSg ; -- (this)
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mkQuantPl : Quant -> QuantPl ; -- (these)
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-- The mass noun phrase constructor is treated as a singular quantifier.
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massQuant : QuantSg ; -- (mass terms)
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-- More quantifiers are available in the $Structural$ module
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--2 Numerals - cardinal and ordinal
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--3 Num, cardinal numerals
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-- Numerals can be formed from number words ($Numeral$), their special case digits,
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-- and from symbolic integers.
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mkNum : overload {
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mkNum : Numeral -> Num ;
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mkNum : Digit -> Num ;
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mkNum : Numeral -> Num ; -- forty-six
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mkNum : Int -> Num ; -- 51
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mkNum : AdN -> Num -> Num
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-- A numeral can be modified by an adnumeral.
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mkNum : AdN -> Num -> Num -- almost ten
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} ;
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noNum : Num ; -- [no num]
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mkAdN : CAdv -> AdN ; -- more (than five)
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--3 Ord, ordinal numerals
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-- Just like cardinals, ordinals can be formed from number words ($Numeral$), their special case digits,
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-- and from symbolic integers.
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mkOrd : overload {
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mkOrd : Numeral -> Ord ;
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mkOrd : Digit -> Ord ; -- fifth
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mkOrd : Numeral -> Ord ; -- sixtieth
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mkOrd : Int -> Ord ; -- 51st
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-- Also adjectives in the superlative form can appear on ordinal positions.
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mkOrd : A -> Ord -- largest
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} ;
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noOrd : Ord ; -- [no ord]
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--3 AdN, adnumerals
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-- Comparison adverbs can be used as adnumerals.
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mkAdN : CAdv -> AdN ; -- more (than five)
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--3 Numeral, number words
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-- Digits and some "round" numbers are here given as shorthands.
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n1_Numeral : Numeral ; -- one
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n2_Numeral : Numeral ; -- two
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n3_Numeral : Numeral ; -- three
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n4_Numeral : Numeral ; -- four
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n5_Numeral : Numeral ; -- five
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n6_Numeral : Numeral ; -- six
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n7_Numeral : Numeral ; -- seven
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n8_Numeral : Numeral ; -- eight
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n9_Numeral : Numeral ; -- nine
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n10_Numeral : Numeral ; -- ten
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n20_Numeral : Numeral ; -- twenty
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n100_Numeral : Numeral ; -- hundred
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n1000_Numeral : Numeral ; -- thousand
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-- See $Numeral$ for the full set of constructors, or use $Int$ for other numbers.
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--2 Nouns
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--2 Common nouns
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--3 CN, common noun phrases
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mkCN : overload {
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-- The most frequent way of forming common noun phrases is from atomic nouns $N$.
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mkCN : N -> CN ; -- house
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-- Common noun phrases can be formed from relational nouns by providing arguments.
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mkCN : N2 -> NP -> CN ; -- son of the king
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mkCN : N3 -> NP -> NP -> CN ; -- flight from Moscow (to Paris)
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mkCN : N3 -> NP -> NP -> CN ; -- flight from Moscow to Paris
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-- Relational nouns can also be used without their arguments.
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mkCN : N2 -> CN ; -- son
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mkCN : N3 -> CN ; -- flight
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mkCN : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- nice and big blue house
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mkCN : AP -> N -> CN ; -- nice and big house
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mkCN : CN -> AP -> CN ; -- nice and big blue house
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mkCN : N -> AP -> CN ; -- nice and big house
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-- A common noun phrase can be modified by adjectival phrase. We give special
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-- cases of this, where one or both of the arguments are atomic.
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mkCN : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- very big blue house
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mkCN : A -> CN -> CN ; -- big blue house
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mkCN : AP -> N -> CN ; -- very big house
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mkCN : A -> N -> CN ; -- big house
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mkCN : CN -> RS -> CN ; -- house that John owns
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mkCN : N -> RS -> CN ; -- house that John owns
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mkCN : CN -> Adv -> CN ; -- house on the hill
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mkCN : N -> Adv -> CN ; -- house on the hill
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mkCN : CN -> S -> CN ; -- fact that John smokes
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-- A common noun phrase can be modified by a relative clause or an adverb.
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mkCN : CN -> RS -> CN ; -- big house that John loves
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mkCN : N -> RS -> CN ; -- house that John loves
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mkCN : CN -> Adv -> CN ; -- big house on the mountain
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mkCN : N -> Adv -> CN ; -- house on the mountain
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-- For some nouns it makes sense to modify them by sentences, questions, or infinitives.
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mkCN : CN -> S -> CN ; -- fact that John walks
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mkCN : CN -> QS -> CN ; -- question if John smokes
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mkCN : CN -> VP -> CN ; -- reason to smoke
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mkCN : CN -> NP -> CN ; -- number x, numbers x and y
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mkCN : N -> NP -> CN -- number x, numbers x and y
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-- A noun can be used in apposition to a noun phrase, especially a proper name.
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mkCN : CN -> NP -> CN ; -- old king John
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mkCN : N -> NP -> CN -- king John
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} ;
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--2 Adjectival phrases
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--2 Adjectives and adverbs
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--3 AP, adjectival phrases
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mkAP : overload {
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mkAP : A -> AP ; -- warm
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mkAP : A -> NP -> AP ; -- warmer than Spain
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mkAP : A2 -> NP -> AP ; -- divisible by 2
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mkAP : A2 -> AP ; -- divisible by itself
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-- Adjectival phrases can be formed from atomic adjectives by using the positive form or
|
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-- the comparative with a complement
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||||
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mkAP : A -> AP ; -- old
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mkAP : A -> NP -> AP ; -- older than John
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-- Relational adjectives can be used with a complement or a reflexive
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|
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mkAP : A2 -> NP -> AP ; -- married to her
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mkAP : A2 -> AP ; -- married to himself
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||||
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||||
-- Some adjectival phrases can take as complements sentences, questions, or infinitives.
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|
||||
mkAP : AP -> S -> AP ; -- great that she won
|
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mkAP : AP -> QS -> AP ; -- uncertain if she won
|
||||
mkAP : AP -> VP -> AP ; -- ready to go
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mkAP : AdA -> AP -> AP ; -- very uncertain
|
||||
mkAP : Conj -> AP -> AP -> AP ; -- warm and nice
|
||||
mkAP : DConj -> AP -> AP -> AP ;-- both warm and nice
|
||||
mkAP : Conj -> ListAP -> AP ; -- warm, nice, and cheap
|
||||
mkAP : DConj -> ListAP -> AP -- both warm, nice, and cheap
|
||||
|
||||
-- An adjectival phrase can be modified by an adadjective.
|
||||
|
||||
mkAP : AdA -> AP -> AP ; -- very big
|
||||
|
||||
-- Conjunction can be formed from two or more adjectival phrases.
|
||||
|
||||
mkAP : Conj -> AP -> AP -> AP ; -- warm and big
|
||||
mkAP : Conj -> ListAP -> AP ; -- warm, big, and cheap
|
||||
mkAP : DConj -> AP -> AP -> AP ; -- both warm and big
|
||||
mkAP : DConj -> ListAP -> AP -- both warm, big, and cheap
|
||||
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
--2 Adverbs
|
||||
--3 Adv, adverbial phrases
|
||||
|
||||
mkAdv : overload {
|
||||
|
||||
-- Adverbs can be formed from adjectives.
|
||||
|
||||
mkAdv : A -> Adv ; -- quickly
|
||||
|
||||
-- Prepositional phrases are treated as adverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
mkAdv : Prep -> NP -> Adv ; -- in the house
|
||||
mkAdv : CAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv ; -- more quickly than John
|
||||
mkAdv : CAdv -> A -> S -> Adv ; -- more quickly than he runs
|
||||
mkAdv : AdA -> Adv -> Adv ; -- very quickly
|
||||
|
||||
-- Subordinate sentences are treated as adverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
mkAdv : Subj -> S -> Adv ; -- when he arrives
|
||||
|
||||
-- An adjectival adverb can be compared to a noun phrase or a sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
mkAdv : CAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv ; -- more slowly than John
|
||||
mkAdv : CAdv -> A -> S -> Adv ; -- more slowly than he runs
|
||||
|
||||
-- Adverbs can be modified by adadjectives.
|
||||
|
||||
mkAdv : AdA -> Adv -> Adv ; -- very quickly
|
||||
|
||||
-- Conjunction can be formed from two or more adverbial phrases.
|
||||
|
||||
mkAdv : Conj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv ; -- here and now
|
||||
mkAdv : DConj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv; -- both here and now
|
||||
mkAdv : Conj -> ListAdv -> Adv ; -- here, now, and with you
|
||||
mkAdv : DConj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv ; -- both here and now
|
||||
mkAdv : DConj -> ListAdv -> Adv -- both here, now, and with you
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
--2 Questions and interrogative pronouns
|
||||
--2 Questions and relatives
|
||||
|
||||
--3 QS, question sentences
|
||||
|
||||
mkQS : overload {
|
||||
mkQS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> QCl -> QS ; -- wouldn't John have walked
|
||||
|
||||
-- Just like a sentence $S$ is built from a clause $Cl$, a question sentence $QS$ is built from
|
||||
-- a question clause $QCl$ by fixing tense, anteriority and polarity. Any of these arguments
|
||||
-- can be omitted, which results in the default (present, simultaneous, and positive, respectively).
|
||||
|
||||
mkQS : QCl -> QS ; -- who walks
|
||||
mkQS : (Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> QCl -> QS ; -- wouldn't John have walked
|
||||
|
||||
-- Since 'yes-no' question clauses can be built from clauses (see below), we give a shortcus
|
||||
-- for building a question sentence directly from a clause, using the defaults
|
||||
-- present, simultaneous, and positive.
|
||||
|
||||
mkQS : Cl -> QS -- does John walk
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--3 QCl, question clauses
|
||||
|
||||
mkQCl : overload {
|
||||
|
||||
-- 'Yes-no' question clauses are built from 'declarative' clauses.
|
||||
|
||||
mkQCl : Cl -> QCl ; -- does John walk
|
||||
|
||||
-- 'Wh' questions are built from interrogative pronouns in subject or object position.
|
||||
-- The latter uses the 'slash' category of objectless clauses (see below); we give the
|
||||
-- common special case with a two-place verb.
|
||||
|
||||
mkQCl : IP -> VP -> QCl ; -- who walks
|
||||
mkQCl : IP -> Slash -> QCl ; -- who does John love
|
||||
mkQCl : IP -> NP -> V2 -> QCl ; -- who does John love
|
||||
|
||||
-- Adverbial 'wh' questions are built with interrogative adverbials, with the
|
||||
-- special case of prepositional phrases with interrogative pronouns.
|
||||
|
||||
mkQCl : IAdv -> Cl -> QCl ; -- why does John walk
|
||||
mkQCl : Prep -> IP -> Cl -> QCl ; -- with whom does John walk
|
||||
|
||||
-- An interrogative adverbial can serve as the complement of a copula.
|
||||
|
||||
mkQCl : IAdv -> NP -> QCl ; -- where is John
|
||||
|
||||
-- Existentials are a special construction.
|
||||
|
||||
mkQCl : IP -> QCl -- which houses are there
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
--3 IP, interrogative pronouns
|
||||
|
||||
mkIP : overload {
|
||||
mkIP : IDet -> Num -> Ord -> CN -> IP ; -- which five best songs
|
||||
|
||||
-- In addition to the interrogative pronouns defined in the $Structural$ lexicon, they
|
||||
-- can be formed much like noun phrases, by using interrogative determiners.
|
||||
|
||||
mkIP : IDet -> N -> IP ; -- which song
|
||||
mkIP : IDet -> (Num) -> (Ord) -> CN -> IP ; -- which five best songs
|
||||
|
||||
-- An interrogative pronoun can be modified by an adverb.
|
||||
|
||||
mkIP : IP -> Adv -> IP -- who in Europe
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--3 IAdv, interrogative adverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
-- In addition to the interrogative adverbs defined in the $Structural$ lexicon, they
|
||||
-- can be formed as prepositional phrases from interrogative pronouns.
|
||||
|
||||
mkIAdv : Prep -> IP -> IAdv ; -- in which city
|
||||
|
||||
--2 Relative clauses and relative pronouns
|
||||
|
||||
--3 RS, relative sentences
|
||||
|
||||
-- Just like a sentence $S$ is built from a clause $Cl$, a relative sentence $RS$ is built from
|
||||
-- a relative clause $RCl$ by fixing the tense, anteriority and polarity. Any of these arguments
|
||||
-- can be omitted, which results in the default (present, simultaneous, and positive, respectively).
|
||||
|
||||
mkRS : overload {
|
||||
mkRS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS ; -- who wouldn't have walked
|
||||
mkRS : RCl -> RS -- who walks
|
||||
mkRS : RCl -> RS ; -- who walks
|
||||
mkRS : (Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> RCl -> RS -- who wouldn't have walked
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
--3 RCl, relative clauses
|
||||
|
||||
mkRCl : overload {
|
||||
mkRCl : Cl -> RCl ; -- such that John loves her
|
||||
|
||||
-- Relative clauses are built from relative pronouns in subject or object position.
|
||||
-- The latter uses the 'slash' category of objectless clauses (see below); we give the
|
||||
-- common special case with a two-place verb.
|
||||
|
||||
mkRCl : RP -> VP -> RCl ; -- who loves John
|
||||
mkRCl : RP -> NP -> V2 -> RCl ; -- whom John loves
|
||||
mkRCl : RP -> Slash -> RCl ; -- whom John wants to love
|
||||
mkRCl : RP -> NP -> V2 -> RCl -- whom John loves
|
||||
|
||||
-- There is a simple 'such that' construction for forming relative clauses from clauses.
|
||||
|
||||
mkRCl : Cl -> RCl -- such that John loves her
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkRP : overload {
|
||||
mkRP : RP ; -- which
|
||||
mkRP : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP -- all the roots of which
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
--3 RP, relative pronouns
|
||||
|
||||
--2 Objectless sentences and sentence complements
|
||||
-- There is an atomic relative pronoun
|
||||
|
||||
which_RP : RP ; -- which
|
||||
|
||||
-- A relative pronoun can be made into a kind of a prepositional phrase.
|
||||
|
||||
mkRP : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP ; -- all the houses in which
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--3 Slash, objectless sentences
|
||||
|
||||
mkSlash : overload {
|
||||
|
||||
-- Objectless sentences are used in questions and relative clauses.
|
||||
-- The most common way of constructing them is by using a two-place verb
|
||||
-- with a subject but without an object.
|
||||
|
||||
mkSlash : NP -> V2 -> Slash ; -- (whom) he sees
|
||||
|
||||
-- The two-place verb can be separated from the subject by a verb-complement verb.
|
||||
|
||||
mkSlash : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash ; -- (whom) he wants to see
|
||||
mkSlash : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ; -- (whom) he sees tomorrow
|
||||
mkSlash : Cl -> Prep -> Slash -- (with whom) he walks
|
||||
|
||||
-- The missing object can also be the noun phrase in a prepositional phrase.
|
||||
|
||||
mkSlash : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ; -- (with whom) he walks
|
||||
|
||||
-- An objectless sentence can be modified by an adverb.
|
||||
|
||||
mkSlash : Slash -> Adv -> Slash -- (whom) he sees tomorrow
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--2 Lists for coordination
|
||||
|
||||
-- The rules in this section are very uniform: a list can be built from two or more
|
||||
-- expressions of the same category.
|
||||
|
||||
--3 ListS, sentence lists
|
||||
|
||||
mkListS : overload {
|
||||
mkListS : S -> S -> ListS ;
|
||||
mkListS : S -> ListS -> ListS
|
||||
mkListS : S -> S -> ListS ; -- he walks, she runs
|
||||
mkListS : S -> ListS -> ListS -- I sleep, he walks, she runs
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
--3 ListAdv, adverb lists
|
||||
|
||||
mkListAdv : overload {
|
||||
mkListAdv : Adv -> Adv -> ListAdv ;
|
||||
mkListAdv : Adv -> ListAdv -> ListAdv
|
||||
mkListAdv : Adv -> Adv -> ListAdv ; -- here, now
|
||||
mkListAdv : Adv -> ListAdv -> ListAdv -- to me, here, now
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
--3 ListAP, adjectival phrase lists
|
||||
|
||||
mkListAP : overload {
|
||||
mkListAP : AP -> AP -> ListAP ;
|
||||
mkListAP : AP -> ListAP -> ListAP
|
||||
mkListAP : AP -> AP -> ListAP ; -- big, old
|
||||
mkListAP : AP -> ListAP -> ListAP -- warm, big, old
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--3 ListNP, noun phrase lists
|
||||
|
||||
mkListNP : overload {
|
||||
mkListNP : NP -> NP -> ListNP ;
|
||||
mkListNP : NP -> ListNP -> ListNP
|
||||
mkListNP : NP -> NP -> ListNP ; -- John, Mary
|
||||
mkListNP : NP -> ListNP -> ListNP -- you, John, Mary
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -606,6 +832,8 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
= \s,v -> PredVP s (UseV v);
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> V2 -> NP -> Cl -- John uses it
|
||||
= \s,v,o -> PredVP s (ComplV2 v o);
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> Cl
|
||||
= \s,v,o,i -> PredVP s (ComplV3 v o i);
|
||||
mkCl : VP -> Cl -- it rains
|
||||
= ImpersCl ;
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> RS -> Cl -- it is you who did it
|
||||
@@ -622,10 +850,16 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
= \x,y,z -> PredVP x (UseComp (CompAP (ComparA y z))) ;
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> A2 -> NP -> Cl -- John is married to Mary
|
||||
= \x,y,z -> PredVP x (UseComp (CompAP (ComplA2 y z))) ;
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> NP -> Cl -- John is a man
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> NP -> Cl -- John is the man
|
||||
= \x,y -> PredVP x (UseComp (CompNP y)) ;
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> CN -> Cl -- John is a man
|
||||
= \x,y -> PredVP x (UseComp (CompNP (DetCN (DetSg (SgQuant IndefArt) NoOrd) y))) ;
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> N -> Cl -- John is a man
|
||||
= \x,y -> PredVP x (UseComp (CompNP (DetCN (DetSg (SgQuant IndefArt) NoOrd) (UseN y)))) ;
|
||||
mkCl : NP -> Adv -> Cl -- John is here
|
||||
= \x,y -> PredVP x (UseComp (CompAdv y))
|
||||
= \x,y -> PredVP x (UseComp (CompAdv y)) ;
|
||||
mkCl : V -> Cl -- it rains
|
||||
= \v -> ImpersCl (UseV v)
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
genericCl : VP -> Cl = GenericCl ;
|
||||
@@ -639,14 +873,26 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
= \d,n -> DetCN (DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) d NoOrd) n ;
|
||||
mkNP : Num -> N -> NP -- forty-five men
|
||||
= \d,n -> DetCN (DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) d NoOrd) (UseN n) ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkNP : QuantSg -> CN -> NP = \q,n -> DetCN (DetSg q NoOrd) n ;
|
||||
mkNP : QuantSg -> N -> NP = \q,n -> DetCN (DetSg q NoOrd) (UseN n) ;
|
||||
mkNP : QuantPl -> CN -> NP = \q,n -> DetCN (DetPl q NoNum NoOrd) n ;
|
||||
mkNP : QuantPl -> N -> NP = \q,n -> DetCN (DetPl q NoNum NoOrd) (UseN n) ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkNP : Pron -> CN -> NP = \p,n -> DetCN (DetSg (SgQuant (PossPron p)) NoOrd) n ;
|
||||
mkNP : Pron -> N -> NP = \p,n -> DetCN (DetSg (SgQuant (PossPron p)) NoOrd) (UseN n) ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkNP : Int -> CN -> NP -- 51 old men
|
||||
= \d,n -> DetCN (DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) (NumInt d) NoOrd) n ;
|
||||
mkNP : Int -> N -> NP -- 51 men
|
||||
= \d,n -> DetCN (DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) (NumInt d) NoOrd) (UseN n) ;
|
||||
mkNP : Digit -> CN -> NP -- five old men
|
||||
mkNP : Digit -> CN -> NP ---- obsol
|
||||
= \d,n -> DetCN (DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) (NumNumeral (num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 d)))))) NoOrd) n ;
|
||||
mkNP : Digit -> N -> NP -- five men
|
||||
mkNP : Digit -> N -> NP ---- obsol
|
||||
= \d,n -> DetCN (DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) (NumNumeral (num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 d)))))) NoOrd) (UseN n) ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
mkNP : PN -> NP -- John
|
||||
= UsePN ;
|
||||
mkNP : Pron -> NP -- he
|
||||
@@ -684,21 +930,35 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
= \n -> DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) n NoOrd ;
|
||||
mkDet : Int -> Det -- 51 (men)
|
||||
= \n -> DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) (NumInt n) NoOrd ;
|
||||
mkDet : Digit -> Det -- five (men)
|
||||
mkDet : Digit -> Det ---- obsol
|
||||
= \d -> DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) (NumNumeral (num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 d)))))) NoOrd ;
|
||||
mkDet : Numeral -> Det --
|
||||
= \d -> DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) (NumNumeral d) NoOrd ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkDet : Pron -> Det -- my (house)
|
||||
= \p -> DetSg (SgQuant (PossPron p)) NoOrd
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkQuantSg : Quant -> QuantSg = SgQuant ;
|
||||
mkQuantPl : Quant -> QuantPl = PlQuant ;
|
||||
|
||||
defSgDet : Det = DetSg (SgQuant DefArt) NoOrd ; -- the (man)
|
||||
defPlDet : Det = DetPl (PlQuant DefArt) NoNum NoOrd ; -- the (man)
|
||||
indefSgDet : Det = DetSg (SgQuant IndefArt) NoOrd ; -- the (man)
|
||||
indefPlDet : Det = DetPl (PlQuant IndefArt) NoNum NoOrd ; -- the (man)
|
||||
|
||||
---- obsol
|
||||
def_Det : Det = DetSg (SgQuant DefArt) NoOrd ; -- the (man)
|
||||
indef_Det : Det = DetSg (SgQuant IndefArt) NoOrd ; -- a (man)
|
||||
mass_Det : Det = DetSg MassDet NoOrd; -- (water)
|
||||
|
||||
mkQuantSg : Quant -> QuantSg = SgQuant ;
|
||||
mkQuantPl : Quant -> QuantPl = PlQuant ;
|
||||
|
||||
defQuant = DefArt ;
|
||||
indefQuant = IndefArt ;
|
||||
|
||||
massQuant : QuantSg = MassDet ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
mkNum = overload {
|
||||
mkNum : Numeral -> Num = NumNumeral ;
|
||||
@@ -714,6 +974,21 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
noNum : Num -- [no num]
|
||||
= NoNum ;
|
||||
|
||||
n1_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 pot01))) ;
|
||||
n2_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n2)))) ;
|
||||
n3_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n3)))) ;
|
||||
n4_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n4)))) ;
|
||||
n5_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n5)))) ;
|
||||
n6_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n6)))) ;
|
||||
n7_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n7)))) ;
|
||||
n8_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n8)))) ;
|
||||
n9_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 (pot0 n9)))) ;
|
||||
n10_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 pot110)) ;
|
||||
n20_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot1as2 (pot1 n2))) ;
|
||||
n100_Numeral = num (pot2as3 (pot2 pot01)) ;
|
||||
n1000_Numeral = num (pot3 (pot1as2 (pot0as1 pot01))) ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
mkAdN : CAdv -> AdN = AdnCAdv ; -- more (than five)
|
||||
|
||||
mkOrd = overload {
|
||||
@@ -781,7 +1056,12 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
mkPhr : Utt -> Phr -- Go home
|
||||
= \u -> PhrUtt NoPConj u NoVoc ;
|
||||
mkPhr : S -> Phr -- I go home
|
||||
= \s -> PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS s) NoVoc
|
||||
= \s -> PhrUtt NoPConj (UttS s) NoVoc ;
|
||||
mkPhr : QS -> Phr -- I go home
|
||||
= \s -> PhrUtt NoPConj (UttQS s) NoVoc ;
|
||||
mkPhr : Imp -> Phr -- I go home
|
||||
= \s -> PhrUtt NoPConj (UttImpSg PPos s) NoVoc
|
||||
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkPConj : Conj -> PConj = PConjConj ;
|
||||
@@ -867,6 +1147,10 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
mkIP = overload {
|
||||
mkIP : IDet -> Num -> Ord -> CN -> IP -- which five best songs
|
||||
= IDetCN ;
|
||||
mkIP : IDet -> Ord -> CN -> IP -- which five best songs
|
||||
= \i -> IDetCN i NoNum ;
|
||||
mkIP : IDet -> Num -> CN -> IP -- which five best songs
|
||||
= \i,n -> IDetCN i n NoOrd ;
|
||||
mkIP : IDet -> N -> IP -- which song
|
||||
= \i,n -> IDetCN i NoNum NoOrd (UseN n) ;
|
||||
mkIP : IP -> Adv -> IP -- who in Europe
|
||||
@@ -886,12 +1170,11 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
= \rp,np,v2 -> RelSlash rp (SlashV2 np v2)
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkRP = overload {
|
||||
mkRP : RP -- which
|
||||
which_RP : RP -- which
|
||||
= IdRP ;
|
||||
mkRP : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP -- all the roots of which
|
||||
= FunRP
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
;
|
||||
|
||||
mkSlash = overload {
|
||||
mkSlash : NP -> V2 -> Slash -- (whom) he sees
|
||||
@@ -944,19 +1227,46 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkQS = overload {
|
||||
mkQS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> QCl -> QS
|
||||
= UseQCl ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkQS : QCl -> QS
|
||||
= UseQCl TPres ASimul PPos ;
|
||||
mkQS : Tense -> QCl -> QS
|
||||
= \t -> UseQCl t ASimul PPos ;
|
||||
mkQS : Ant -> QCl -> QS
|
||||
= \a -> UseQCl TPres a PPos ;
|
||||
mkQS : Pol -> QCl -> QS
|
||||
= \p -> UseQCl TPres ASimul p ;
|
||||
mkQS : Tense -> Ant -> QCl -> QS
|
||||
= \t,a -> UseQCl t a PPos ;
|
||||
mkQS : Tense -> Pol -> QCl -> QS
|
||||
= \t,p -> UseQCl t ASimul p ;
|
||||
mkQS : Ant -> Pol -> QCl -> QS
|
||||
= \a,p -> UseQCl TPres a p ;
|
||||
mkQS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> QCl -> QS
|
||||
= UseQCl ;
|
||||
mkQS : Cl -> QS
|
||||
= \x -> UseQCl TPres ASimul PPos (QuestCl x)
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
mkRS = overload {
|
||||
mkRS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS
|
||||
= UseRCl ;
|
||||
|
||||
mkRS : RCl -> RS
|
||||
= UseRCl TPres ASimul PPos
|
||||
= UseRCl TPres ASimul PPos ;
|
||||
mkRS : Tense -> RCl -> RS
|
||||
= \t -> UseRCl t ASimul PPos ;
|
||||
mkRS : Ant -> RCl -> RS
|
||||
= \a -> UseRCl TPres a PPos ;
|
||||
mkRS : Pol -> RCl -> RS
|
||||
= \p -> UseRCl TPres ASimul p ;
|
||||
mkRS : Tense -> Ant -> RCl -> RS
|
||||
= \t,a -> UseRCl t a PPos ;
|
||||
mkRS : Tense -> Pol -> RCl -> RS
|
||||
= \t,p -> UseRCl t ASimul p ;
|
||||
mkRS : Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS
|
||||
= \a,p -> UseRCl TPres a p ;
|
||||
mkRS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS
|
||||
= UseRCl
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
param Punct = PFullStop | PExclMark | PQuestMark ;
|
||||
@@ -1019,10 +1329,16 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
= ComplVA ;
|
||||
mkVP : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP -- paint the house red
|
||||
= ComplV2A ;
|
||||
mkVP : A -> VP -- be warm
|
||||
= \a -> UseComp (CompAP (PositA a)) ;
|
||||
mkVP : AP -> VP -- be warm
|
||||
= \a -> UseComp (CompAP a) ;
|
||||
mkVP : NP -> VP -- be a man
|
||||
= \a -> UseComp (CompNP a) ;
|
||||
mkVP : CN -> VP -- be a man
|
||||
= \y -> (UseComp (CompNP (DetCN (DetSg (SgQuant IndefArt) NoOrd) y))) ;
|
||||
mkVP : N -> VP -- be a man
|
||||
= \y -> (UseComp (CompNP (DetCN (DetSg (SgQuant IndefArt) NoOrd) (UseN y)))) ;
|
||||
mkVP : Adv -> VP -- be here
|
||||
= \a -> UseComp (CompAdv a) ;
|
||||
mkVP : VP -> Adv -> VP -- sleep here
|
||||
@@ -1032,7 +1348,11 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
|
||||
reflexiveVP : V2 -> VP = ReflV2 ;
|
||||
passiveVP = overload {
|
||||
passiveVP : V2 -> VP = PassV2 ;
|
||||
passiveVP : V2 -> NP -> VP = \v,np ->
|
||||
(AdvVP (PassV2 v) (PrepNP by8agent_Prep np))
|
||||
} ;
|
||||
progressiveVP : VP -> VP = ProgrVP ;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user