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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Finnish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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<I>Last update: 2006-11-21 14:49:06 CET</I><BR>
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<I>Last update: 2007-07-08 15:18:54 CEST</I><BR>
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P></P>
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@@ -117,8 +117,6 @@ stems, vowel alternation, and vowel harmony.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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oper
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mkN : (talo, talon, talona, taloa, taloon,
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taloina,taloissa,talojen,taloja,taloihin : Str) -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -127,22 +125,21 @@ nominative) and analyses it to pick the correct paradigm.
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It does automatic grade alternation, and is hence not usable
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for words like <I>auto</I> (whose genitive would become <I>audon</I>).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regN : (talo : Str) -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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If <CODE>regN</CODE> does not give the correct result, one can try and give
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two or three forms as follows. Examples of the use of these
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functions are given in <CODE>BasicFin</CODE>. Most notably, <CODE>reg2N</CODE> is used
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If the one-argument paradigm does not give the correct result, one can try and give
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two or three forms. Most notably, the two-argument variant is used
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for nouns like <I>kivi - kiviä</I>, which would otherwise become like
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<I>rivi - rivejä</I>. <CODE>regN3</CODE> is used e.g. for
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<I>rivi - rivejä</I>. Three arguments are used e.g. for
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<I>sydän - sydämen - sydämiä</I>, which would otherwise become
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<I>sydän - sytämen</I>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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reg2N : (savi,savia : Str) -> N ;
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reg3N : (vesi,veden,vesiä : Str) -> N ;
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mkN : overload {
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mkN : (talo : Str) -> N ;
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mkN : (savi,savia : Str) -> N ;
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mkN : (vesi,veden,vesiä : Str) -> N ;
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mkN : (olo,oln,olona,oloa,oloon,oloina,oloissa,olojen,oloja,oloihin : Str) -> N
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -291,12 +288,14 @@ have only their last part inflected.
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Nouns used as functions need a case, of which by far the commonest is
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Nouns used as functions need a case, of which the default is
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the genitive.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
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genN2 : N -> N2 ;
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mkN2 = overload {
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mkN2 : N -> N2 = genN2 ;
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mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = mmkN2
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} ;
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mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
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</PRE>
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@@ -306,18 +305,28 @@ Proper names can be formed by using declensions for nouns.
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The plural forms are filtered away by the compiler.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regPN : Str -> PN ;
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mkPN : N -> PN ;
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mkNP : N -> Number -> NP ;
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mkPN : overload {
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mkPN : Str -> PN ;
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mkPN : N -> PN
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc3"></A>
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<H2>Adjectives</H2>
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<P>
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Non-comparison one-place adjectives are just like nouns.
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The regular adjectives are based on <CODE>regN</CODE> in the positive.
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Comparison adjectives have three forms.
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The comparative and the superlative
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are always inflected in the same way, so the nominative of them is actually
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enough (except for the superlative <I>paras</I> of <I>hyvä</I>).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkA : N -> A ;
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mkA : overload {
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mkA : Str -> A ;
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mkA : N -> A ;
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mkA : N -> (kivempaa,kivinta : Str) -> A
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -327,22 +336,6 @@ Two-place adjectives need a case for the second argument.
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mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Comparison adjectives have three forms. The comparative and the superlative
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are always inflected in the same way, so the nominative of them is actually
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enough (except for the superlative <I>paras</I> of <I>hyvä</I>).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkADeg : (kiva : N) -> (kivempaa,kivinta : Str) -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The regular adjectives are based on <CODE>regN</CODE> in the positive.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regA : (punainen : Str) -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc4"></A>
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<H2>Verbs</H2>
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<P>
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@@ -350,26 +343,22 @@ The grammar does not cover the potential mood and some nominal
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forms. One way to see the coverage is to linearize a verb to
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a table.
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The worst case needs twelve forms, as shown in the following.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV : (tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,
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tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The following heuristics cover more and more verbs.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regV : (soutaa : Str) -> V ;
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reg2V : (soutaa,souti : Str) -> V ;
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reg3V : (soutaa,soudan,souti : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : overload {
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mkV : (soutaa : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : (soutaa,souti : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : (soutaa,soudan,souti : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : (tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The subject case of verbs is by default nominative. This dunction can change it.
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The subject case of verbs is by default nominative. This function can change it.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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subjcaseV : V -> Case -> V ;
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mkV : V -> Case -> V
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -429,26 +418,18 @@ The verbs <I>be</I> is special.
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<A NAME="toc5"></A>
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<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
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<P>
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Two-place verbs need a case, and can have a pre- or postposition.
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Two-place verbs need an object case, and can have a pre- or postposition.
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The default is direct (accusative) object. There is also a special case
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with case only. The string-only argument case yields a regular verb with
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accusative object.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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If the complement needs just a case, the following special function can be used.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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caseV2 : V -> Case -> V2 ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Verbs with a direct (accusative) object
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are special, since their complement case is finally decided in syntax.
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But this is taken care of in <CODE>VerbFin</CODE>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : overload {
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mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc6"></A>
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@@ -498,6 +479,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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