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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Norwegian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
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<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 10:10:01 CEST</I><BR>
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P></P>
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@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
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<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle.</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with a particle.</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs.</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
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@@ -129,37 +129,24 @@ Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
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<A NAME="toc2"></A>
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<H2>Nouns</H2>
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<P>
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Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
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last letter of the second form (if <I>n</I>, then <CODE>utrum</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>neutrum</CODE>).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The regular function takes the singular indefinite form
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and computes the other forms and the gender by a heuristic.
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The heuristic is that nouns ending <I>e</I> are feminine like <I>kvinne</I>,
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all others are masculine like <I>bil</I>.
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If in doubt, use the <CODE>cc</CODE> command to test!
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regN : Str -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Giving gender manually makes the heuristic more reliable.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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This function takes the singular indefinite and definite forms; the
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One can also compute the gender from the definite form.
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gender is computed from the definite form.
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If in doubt, use the <CODE>cc</CODE> command to test!
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In the worst case, give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
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last letter of the second form (if <I>n</I>, then <CODE>utrum</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>neutrum</CODE>).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mk2N : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ;
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mkN : overload {
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mkN : Str -> N ;
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mkN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
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mkN : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ;
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mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> N
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc3"></A>
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@@ -209,48 +196,37 @@ and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
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<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
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<P>
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Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum
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regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. <I>Bank</I>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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nounPN : N -> PN ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular
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genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
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mkPN : overload {
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mkPN : Str -> PN ; -- masculine
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mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
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mkPN : N -> PN ;
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc7"></A>
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<H2>Adjectives</H2>
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<P>
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Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms:
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The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending
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with <I>ig</I>. Two, five, or at worst five forms are sometimes needed.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
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mkA : overload {
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mkA : (fin : Str) -> A ;
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mkA : (fin,fint : Str) -> A ;
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mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
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mkA : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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For regular adjectives, the other forms are derived.
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If comparison is formed by <I>mer</I>, <I>mest</I>, as in general for
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long adjective, the following pattern is used:
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regA : Str -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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In most cases, two forms are enough.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mk2A : (stor,stort : Str) -> A ;
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mkA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc8"></A>
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@@ -262,44 +238,6 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
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mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Comparison adjectives may need as many as five forms.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkADeg : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending
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with <I>ig</I>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regADeg : Str -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Just the comparison forms can be irregular.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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irregADeg : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mk3ADeg : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
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mk2ADeg : (bred,bredt : Str) -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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If comparison is formed by <I>mer</I>, <I>mest</I>, as in general for
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long adjective, the following pattern is used:
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</P>
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<PRE>
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compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc9"></A>
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<H2>Adverbs</H2>
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<P>
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@@ -320,25 +258,22 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc10"></A>
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<H2>Verbs</H2>
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<P>
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The worst case needs six forms.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : overload {
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The 'regular verb' function is the first conjugation.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regV : (snakke : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : (snakke : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The almost regular verb function needs the infinitive and the preteritum.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mk2V : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -346,10 +281,27 @@ There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregNor</CODE
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In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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irregV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ;
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mkV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The worst case needs six forms.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc11"></A>
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<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
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<P>
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The particle, such as in <I>lukke opp</I>, is given as a string.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV : V -> Str -> V ;
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc12"></A>
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<H3>Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</H3>
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<P>
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By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
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@@ -358,15 +310,6 @@ By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>v
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vaereV : V -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc12"></A>
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<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
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<P>
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The particle, such as in <I>lukke opp</I>, is given as a string.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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partV : V -> Str -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc13"></A>
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<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
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<P>
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@@ -382,12 +325,14 @@ reflexive e.g. <I>forestille seg</I>.
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<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
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<P>
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Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
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(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
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(transitive verbs). Notice that, if a particle is needed, it comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
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dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : overload {
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mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc15"></A>
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@@ -437,6 +382,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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