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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Spanish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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<I>Last update: 2007-03-19 18:25:03 CET</I><BR>
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<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 09:19:56 CEST</I><BR>
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P></P>
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@@ -24,14 +24,13 @@
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<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Comparison adjectives</A>
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</UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Two-place verbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Three-place verbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Other complement patterns</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Two-place verbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Three-place verbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Other complement patterns</A>
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</UL>
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</UL>
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@@ -124,12 +123,8 @@ amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc2"></A>
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<H2>Nouns</H2>
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<P>
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Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
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and the gender.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkN : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- bastón, bastones, masculine
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mkN : overload {
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -142,15 +137,22 @@ those ending with <I>z</I> have <I>ces</I> in plural; all other nouns
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have <I>es</I> as plural ending. The accent is not dealt with.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regN : Str -> N ;
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mkN : (luz : Str) -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
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A different gender can be forced.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mascN : N -> N ;
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femN : N -> N ;
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mkN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The worst case has two forms (singular + plural) and the gender.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkN : (baston,bastones : Str) -> Gender -> N
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc3"></A>
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@@ -202,47 +204,55 @@ and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
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<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
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<P>
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Proper names need a string and a gender.
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The default gender is feminine for names ending with <I>a</I>, otherwise masculine.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Juan
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regPN : Str -> PN ; -- feminine for "-a", otherwise masculine
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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To form a noun phrase that can also be plural,
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you can use the worst-case function.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
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mkPN : overload {
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mkPN : (Anna : Str) -> PN ;
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mkPN : (Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PN
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc7"></A>
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<H2>Adjectives</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkA : overload {
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
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For regular adjectives, all forms are derived from the
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masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
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<I>alto</I>, <I>fuerte</I>, <I>util</I>. Comparison is formed by <I>mas</I>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkA : (util : Str) -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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One-place adjectives compared with <I>mas</I> need five forms in the worst
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case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkA : (solo,sola,solos,solas, solamiento : Str) -> A ;
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mkA : (solo,sola,solos,solas,solamiento : Str) -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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For regular adjectives, all other forms are derived from the
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masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
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<I>alto</I>, <I>fuerte</I>, <I>util</I>.
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In the worst case, two separate adjectives are given:
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the positive (<I>bueno</I>), and the comparative (<I>mejor</I>).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regA : Str -> A ;
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mkA : (bueno : A) -> (mejor : A) -> A
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
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The functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch
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them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
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modification, as in <I>bueno vino</I>), the following function is
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provided.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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prefA : A -> A ;
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prefixA : A -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc8"></A>
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@@ -255,32 +265,6 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc9"></A>
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<H3>Comparison adjectives</H3>
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<P>
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Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
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adjectives: the positive (<I>bueno</I>), and the comparative (<I>mejor</I>).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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If comparison is formed by <I>mas</I>, as usual in Spanish,
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the following pattern is used:
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</P>
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<PRE>
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compADeg : A -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The regular pattern is the same as <CODE>regA</CODE> for plain adjectives,
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with comparison by <I>mas</I>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regADeg : Str -> A ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc10"></A>
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<H2>Adverbs</H2>
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<P>
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Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
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@@ -304,8 +288,12 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
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mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc11"></A>
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<A NAME="toc10"></A>
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<H2>Verbs</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkV : overload {
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Regular verbs are ones inflected like <I>cortar</I>, <I>deber</I>, or <I>vivir</I>.
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The regular verb function is the first conjugation (<I>ar</I>) recognizes
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@@ -314,15 +302,25 @@ the variations corresponding to the patterns
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the complete set of <I>Bescherelle</I> conjugations.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regV : Str -> V ;
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mkV : (pagar : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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The module <CODE>BeschSpa</CODE> gives all the patterns of the <I>Bescherelle</I>
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Verbs with vowel alternatition in the stem - easiest to give with
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two forms, e.g. <I>mostrar///</I>muestro//.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV : (mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Most irreguler verbs are found in <CODE>IrregSpa</CODE>. If this is not enough,
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the module <CODE>BeschSpa</CODE> gives all the patterns of the <I>Bescherelle</I>
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book. To use them in the category <CODE>V</CODE>, wrap them with the function
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</P>
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<PRE>
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verboV : Verbum -> V ;
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mkV : Verbum -> V
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -340,24 +338,18 @@ in masculine singular form as second argument.
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special_ppV : V -> Str -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Verbs with vowel alternatition in the stem - easiest to give with
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two forms, e.g. <I>mostrar///</I>muestro//.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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regAltV : (mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc12"></A>
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<A NAME="toc11"></A>
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<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
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<P>
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Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
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(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
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(transitive verbs).
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</P>
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<PRE>
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mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
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dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : overload {
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mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
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mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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@@ -367,7 +359,7 @@ You can reuse a <CODE>V2</CODE> verb in <CODE>V</CODE>.
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v2V : V2 -> V ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc13"></A>
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<A NAME="toc12"></A>
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<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
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<P>
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Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
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@@ -379,7 +371,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
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dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- dar,(dative),(accusative)
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc14"></A>
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<A NAME="toc13"></A>
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<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
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<P>
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Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
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@@ -416,6 +408,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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