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updated doc
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aarne
@@ -90,6 +90,13 @@ parser.
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<h2>Grammar library documentation</h2>
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<h2>Grammar library documentation</h2>
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||||||
|
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||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<a href="lib/resource-1.0/doc/synopsis.html">Resource Gramamr Synopsis</a>.
|
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|
With APIs and use examples, for Resource v. 1.2.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<a href="resource.pdf">
|
<a href="resource.pdf">
|
||||||
GF Resource Grammar Library</a>
|
GF Resource Grammar Library</a>
|
||||||
user's manual, for API v 1.0.
|
user's manual, for API v 1.0.
|
||||||
@@ -98,7 +105,7 @@ user's manual, for API v 1.0.
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<a href="../lib/resource-1.0/doc/index.html">
|
<a href="../lib/resource-1.0/doc/index.html">
|
||||||
On-line resource grammar library documentation</a>
|
On-line resource grammar library documentation</a>
|
||||||
in progress for the forthcoming API v 1.0.
|
in progress for API v 1.0.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
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||||||
|
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@@ -2,7 +2,42 @@
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|||||||
<html>
|
<html>
|
||||||
<body>
|
<body>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>GF News 2004-2006</h1>
|
<h1>GF News 2004-2007</h1>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<i>June 27, 2007</i>. GF 2.8 forthcoming next week. Some highlights:
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li> Resource Grammar Library v 1.2: <a href="lib/resource-1.0/doc/synopsis.html">synopsis</a>.
|
||||||
|
<li> new speech formats
|
||||||
|
<li> better semantics of <tt>variants</tt>
|
||||||
|
<li> lots of bug fixes
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<i>December 22, 2006</i>. GF 2.7 released. Some highlights:
|
||||||
|
<ul>
|
||||||
|
<li> <a href="doc/gf-history.html#javascript">JavaScript</a> and
|
||||||
|
<a href="doc/gf-history.html#voicexml">VoiceXML</a>
|
||||||
|
generation. These together support the generation of
|
||||||
|
a complete dialogue system from grammar.
|
||||||
|
<li> <a href="doc/gf-history.html#overloading">Overloading</a>
|
||||||
|
and new library APIs.
|
||||||
|
<li> New low-level format, called
|
||||||
|
<a href="src/GF/Canon/GFCC/doc/gfcc.html">GFCC</a>.
|
||||||
|
<li> <a href="doc/gf-history.html#gfcc2c">C code generation</a>:
|
||||||
|
for ultimate efficiency with the GFCC format.
|
||||||
|
<li> <a href="lib/resource-1.0/doc">Resource library version 1.1</a>:
|
||||||
|
extensions and bug fixes to 1.0.
|
||||||
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
See <a href="doc/gf-history.html">GF history</a> for more details.
|
||||||
|
Download from
|
||||||
|
<a href=
|
||||||
|
"http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=132285">SourceForge</a>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
38
index.html
38
index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN">
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN">
|
||||||
<html><head><title>GF Version 2.7</title></head>
|
<html><head><title>GF Version 2.8</title></head>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
|
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
|
||||||
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>Grammatical Framework</h1>
|
<h1>Grammatical Framework</h1>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2>Version 2.7</h2>
|
<h2>Version 2.8</h2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
December 22, 2006.
|
July 8, 2007.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -58,36 +58,17 @@ December 22, 2006.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<i>June 27, 2007</i>. GF 2.8 forthcoming next week. Some highlights:
|
<i>July 8, 2007</i>. GF 2.8 released. Some highlights:
|
||||||
<ul>
|
<ul>
|
||||||
<li> Resource Grammar Library v 1.2: <a href="lib/resource-1.0/doc/synopsis.html">synopsis</a>.
|
<li> Resource Grammar Library v 1.2: <a href="lib/resource-1.0/doc/synopsis.html">synopsis</a>.
|
||||||
|
<li> New version of <a>href=doc/tutorial/"gf-tutorial2.html">tutorial</a>,
|
||||||
|
now with exercises and also as a
|
||||||
|
<a>href=doc/tutorial/"gf-tutorial2.pdf">pdf file</a>,
|
||||||
<li> new speech formats
|
<li> new speech formats
|
||||||
<li> better semantics of <tt>variants</tt>
|
<li> better semantics of <tt>variants</tt>
|
||||||
<li> lots of bug fixes
|
<li> lots of bug fixes
|
||||||
</ul>
|
</ul>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<i>December 22, 2006</i>. GF 2.7 released. Some highlights:
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li> <a href="doc/gf-history.html#javascript">JavaScript</a> and
|
|
||||||
<a href="doc/gf-history.html#voicexml">VoiceXML</a>
|
|
||||||
generation. These together support the generation of
|
|
||||||
a complete dialogue system from grammar.
|
|
||||||
<li> <a href="doc/gf-history.html#overloading">Overloading</a>
|
|
||||||
and new library APIs.
|
|
||||||
<li> New low-level format, called
|
|
||||||
<a href="src/GF/Canon/GFCC/doc/gfcc.html">GFCC</a>.
|
|
||||||
<li> <a href="doc/gf-history.html#gfcc2c">C code generation</a>:
|
|
||||||
for ultimate efficiency with the GFCC format.
|
|
||||||
<li> <a href="lib/resource-1.0/doc">Resource library version 1.1</a>:
|
|
||||||
extensions and bug fixes to 1.0.
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
See <a href="doc/gf-history.html">GF history</a> for more details.
|
|
||||||
Download from
|
|
||||||
<a href=
|
|
||||||
"http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=132285">SourceForge</a>.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -146,6 +127,11 @@ is to write an EBNF grammar in a file <tt>foo.ebnf</tt> and type
|
|||||||
GF is open-source software licensed under
|
GF is open-source software licensed under
|
||||||
<a href="LICENSE">GNU General Public License (GPL)</a>.
|
<a href="LICENSE">GNU General Public License (GPL)</a>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<p>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The <a href="lib>"GF Grammar Libraries</a> are licensed under
|
||||||
|
<a href="lib/resource-1.0/LICENSE">GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2>Examples and demos</h2>
|
<h2>Examples and demos</h2>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
165
lib/LICENSE
Normal file
165
lib/LICENSE
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
|
|||||||
|
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
||||||
|
Version 3, 29 June 2007
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
|
||||||
|
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
||||||
|
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
|
||||||
|
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
|
||||||
|
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
0. Additional Definitions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
|
||||||
|
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
|
||||||
|
General Public License.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
|
||||||
|
other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
|
||||||
|
by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
|
||||||
|
Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
|
||||||
|
of using an interface provided by the Library.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
|
||||||
|
Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library
|
||||||
|
with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
|
||||||
|
Version".
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
|
||||||
|
Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
|
||||||
|
for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
|
||||||
|
based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
|
||||||
|
object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
|
||||||
|
and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
|
||||||
|
Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
|
||||||
|
without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
2. Conveying Modified Versions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
|
||||||
|
facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
|
||||||
|
that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
|
||||||
|
facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
|
||||||
|
version:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
|
||||||
|
ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
|
||||||
|
function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
|
||||||
|
whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
|
||||||
|
this License applicable to that copy.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
|
||||||
|
a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object
|
||||||
|
code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
|
||||||
|
material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
|
||||||
|
layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
|
||||||
|
(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
|
||||||
|
Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
|
||||||
|
covered by this License.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
|
||||||
|
document.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4. Combined Works.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
|
||||||
|
taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
|
||||||
|
portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
|
||||||
|
engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
|
||||||
|
the following:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that
|
||||||
|
the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
|
||||||
|
covered by this License.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
|
||||||
|
document.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
|
||||||
|
execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
|
||||||
|
these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
|
||||||
|
copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
d) Do one of the following:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
|
||||||
|
License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
|
||||||
|
suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
|
||||||
|
recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
|
||||||
|
the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
|
||||||
|
manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
|
||||||
|
Corresponding Source.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
|
||||||
|
Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
|
||||||
|
a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
|
||||||
|
system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
|
||||||
|
of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
|
||||||
|
Version.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
|
||||||
|
be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
|
||||||
|
GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is
|
||||||
|
necessary to install and execute a modified version of the
|
||||||
|
Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the
|
||||||
|
Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If
|
||||||
|
you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
|
||||||
|
the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application
|
||||||
|
Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation
|
||||||
|
Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
|
||||||
|
for conveying Corresponding Source.)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5. Combined Libraries.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
|
||||||
|
Library side by side in a single library together with other library
|
||||||
|
facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
|
||||||
|
License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
|
||||||
|
choice, if you do both of the following:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
|
||||||
|
on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
|
||||||
|
conveyed under the terms of this License.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
|
||||||
|
is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
|
||||||
|
accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
||||||
|
of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
|
||||||
|
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
|
||||||
|
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
|
||||||
|
Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
|
||||||
|
of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
|
||||||
|
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
|
||||||
|
conditions either of that published version or of any later version
|
||||||
|
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
|
||||||
|
received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
|
||||||
|
General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
|
||||||
|
General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
|
||||||
|
whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
|
||||||
|
apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
|
||||||
|
permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
|
||||||
|
Library.
|
||||||
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ give some introduction to this idea.
|
|||||||
This library covers basic linguistic structures of
|
This library covers basic linguistic structures of
|
||||||
different languages.
|
different languages.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Version 1.1 resource-1.0/doc] released 22 December 2006
|
[Version 1.2 resource-1.0/doc] released 22 December 2006
|
||||||
(enhanced version of 1.0).
|
(enhanced version of 1.0).
|
||||||
Covers Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian,
|
Covers Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian,
|
||||||
Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.
|
Russian, Spanish, and Swedish, and to a smaller extent Arabic and Catalan.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Two older versions are also available:
|
Two older versions are also available:
|
||||||
[Version 0.9 resource/]
|
[Version 0.9 resource/]
|
||||||
@@ -51,3 +51,8 @@ of predefined (hard-coded) functions.
|
|||||||
for strings, tables, records, booleans.
|
for strings, tables, records, booleans.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
==License==
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
All libraries in this directory and its subdirectories are
|
||||||
|
releaced under GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). See the file
|
||||||
|
[LICENSE ./LICENSE] for more details.
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjective: Adjectives and Adjectival Phrases</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjective: Adjectives and Adjectival Phrases</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-05-31 14:17:17 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ elliptic-relational.
|
|||||||
(The superlative use is covered in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.<CODE>SuperlA</CODE>.)
|
(The superlative use is covered in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.<CODE>SuperlA</CODE>.)
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
PositA : A -> AP ; -- warm
|
PositA : A -> AP ; -- warm
|
||||||
ComparA : A -> NP -> AP ; -- warmer than Spain
|
ComparA : A -> NP -> AP ; -- warmer than Spain
|
||||||
ComplA2 : A2 -> NP -> AP ; -- divisible by 2
|
ComplA2 : A2 -> NP -> AP ; -- divisible by 2
|
||||||
ReflA2 : A2 -> AP ; -- divisible by itself
|
ReflA2 : A2 -> AP ; -- divisible by itself
|
||||||
UseA2 : A2 -> A ; -- divisible
|
UseA2 : A2 -> A ; -- divisible
|
||||||
@@ -64,6 +64,6 @@ by <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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|
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|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverb: Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverb: Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-16 07:46:47 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -69,6 +69,6 @@ Comparison adverbs also work as numeral adverbs.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Cat: the Category System</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Cat: the Category System</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 11:21:49 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -129,16 +129,16 @@ The determiner structure is
|
|||||||
as defined in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
|
as defined in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
CN ; -- common noun (without determiner) e.g. "red house"
|
CN ; -- common noun (without determiner) e.g. "red house"
|
||||||
NP ; -- noun phrase (subject or object) e.g. "the red house"
|
NP ; -- noun phrase (subject or object) e.g. "the red house"
|
||||||
Pron ; -- personal pronoun e.g. "she"
|
Pron ; -- personal pronoun e.g. "she"
|
||||||
Det ; -- determiner phrase e.g. "those seven"
|
Det ; -- determiner phrase e.g. "those seven"
|
||||||
Predet; -- predeterminer (prefixed Quant) e.g. "all"
|
Predet ; -- predeterminer (prefixed Quant) e.g. "all"
|
||||||
QuantSg;-- quantifier ('nucleus' of sing. Det) e.g. "every"
|
QuantSg ;-- quantifier ('nucleus' of sing. Det) e.g. "every"
|
||||||
QuantPl;-- quantifier ('nucleus' of plur. Det) e.g. "many"
|
QuantPl ;-- quantifier ('nucleus' of plur. Det) e.g. "many"
|
||||||
Quant ; -- quantifier with both sg and pl e.g. "this/these"
|
Quant ; -- quantifier with both sg and pl e.g. "this/these"
|
||||||
Num ; -- cardinal number (used with QuantPl) e.g. "seven"
|
Num ; -- cardinal number (used with QuantPl) e.g. "seven"
|
||||||
Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh"
|
Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh"
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -190,6 +190,6 @@ additional lexicon modules.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
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|
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|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Combinators: a High-Level Syntax API</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Combinators: a High-Level Syntax API</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2007-05-06 21:39:21 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-05-31 11:49:38 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -45,19 +45,19 @@ to construct arguments of these functions.
|
|||||||
<H2>Predication</H2>
|
<H2>Predication</H2>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
pred : overload {
|
pred : overload {
|
||||||
pred : V -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : V -> NP -> Cl ; -- x converges
|
||||||
pred : V2 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : V2 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- x intersects y
|
||||||
pred : V3 -> NP -> NP -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : V3 -> NP -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- x intersects y at z
|
||||||
pred : V -> NP -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : V -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- x and y intersect
|
||||||
pred : A -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : A -> NP -> Cl ; -- x is even
|
||||||
pred : A2 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : A2 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- x is divisible by y
|
||||||
pred : A -> NP -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : A -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- x and y are equal
|
||||||
pred : N -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : N -> NP -> Cl ; -- x is a maximum
|
||||||
pred : CN -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : CN -> NP -> Cl ; -- x is a local maximum
|
||||||
pred : NP -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- x is the neutral element
|
||||||
pred : N -> NP -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : N -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- x and y are inverses
|
||||||
pred : Adv -> NP -> Cl ;
|
pred : Adv -> NP -> Cl ; -- x is in scope
|
||||||
pred : Prep -> NP -> NP -> Cl
|
pred : Prep -> NP -> NP -> Cl -- x is outside y
|
||||||
} ;
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -135,6 +135,6 @@ This is not in ground API, because it would destroy parsing.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Common: Structures with Common Implementations.</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Common: Structures with Common Implementations.</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-04 11:06:11 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html"><CODE>Structural</CODE
|
|||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Tense, polarity, and anteriority</H2>
|
<H2>Tense, polarity, and anteriority</H2>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
Tense ; -- tense: present, past, future, conditional
|
Tense ; -- tense e.g. present, past, future
|
||||||
Pol ; -- polarity: positive, negative
|
Pol ; -- polarity e.g. positive, negative
|
||||||
Ant ; -- anteriority: simultaneous, anterior
|
Ant ; -- anteriority e.g. simultaneous, anterior
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
fun
|
fun
|
||||||
PPos, PNeg : Pol ; -- I sleep/don't sleep
|
PPos, PNeg : Pol ; -- I sleep/don't sleep
|
||||||
@@ -102,6 +102,6 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html"><CODE>Structural</CODE
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
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|
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|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Conjunction: Coordination</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Conjunction: Coordination</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-26 13:24:17 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ not given explicitly. But here are their type signatures:
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Grammar: the Main Module of the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Grammar: the Main Module of the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-06-20 08:34:45 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -39,11 +39,10 @@ a lexicon.
|
|||||||
Phrase,
|
Phrase,
|
||||||
Text,
|
Text,
|
||||||
Structural,
|
Structural,
|
||||||
Idiom
|
Idiom ;
|
||||||
** {} ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
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|
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|
||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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|
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|
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|
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Idiom: Idiomatic Expressions</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Idiom: Idiomatic Expressions</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-16 07:46:47 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -47,6 +47,6 @@ often different even in closely related languages.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
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|
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|
||||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ flags optimize=values ;
|
|||||||
deal_V = irregV "deal" "dealt" "dealt" ;
|
deal_V = irregV "deal" "dealt" "dealt" ;
|
||||||
dig_V = irregDuplV "dig" "dug" "dug" ;
|
dig_V = irregDuplV "dig" "dug" "dug" ;
|
||||||
dive_V = irregV "dive" (variants {"dived" ; "dove"}) "dived" ;
|
dive_V = irregV "dive" (variants {"dived" ; "dove"}) "dived" ;
|
||||||
do_V = mkV "do" "does" "did" "done" "doing" ;
|
do_V = mk5V "do" "does" "did" "done" "doing" ;
|
||||||
draw_V = irregV "draw" "drew" "drawn" ;
|
draw_V = irregV "draw" "drew" "drawn" ;
|
||||||
dream_V = irregV "dream" (variants {"dreamed" ; "dreamt"}) (variants {"dreamed" ; "dreamt"}) ;
|
dream_V = irregV "dream" (variants {"dreamed" ; "dreamt"}) (variants {"dreamed" ; "dreamt"}) ;
|
||||||
drive_V = irregV "drive" "drove" "driven" ;
|
drive_V = irregV "drive" "drove" "driven" ;
|
||||||
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ flags optimize=values ;
|
|||||||
freeze_V = irregV "freeze" "froze" "frozen" ;
|
freeze_V = irregV "freeze" "froze" "frozen" ;
|
||||||
get_V = irregDuplV "get" "got" "gotten" ;
|
get_V = irregDuplV "get" "got" "gotten" ;
|
||||||
give_V = irregV "give" "gave" "given" ;
|
give_V = irregV "give" "gave" "given" ;
|
||||||
go_V = mkV "go" "goes" "went" "gone" "going" ;
|
go_V = mk5V "go" "goes" "went" "gone" "going" ;
|
||||||
grind_V = irregV "grind" "ground" "ground" ;
|
grind_V = irregV "grind" "ground" "ground" ;
|
||||||
grow_V = irregV "grow" "grew" "grown" ;
|
grow_V = irregV "grow" "grew" "grown" ;
|
||||||
hang_V = irregV "hang" "hung" "hung" ;
|
hang_V = irregV "hang" "hung" "hung" ;
|
||||||
have_V = mkV "have" "has" "had" "had" "having" ;
|
have_V = mk5V "have" "has" "had" "had" "having" ;
|
||||||
hear_V = irregV "hear" "heard" "heard" ;
|
hear_V = irregV "hear" "heard" "heard" ;
|
||||||
hide_V = irregV "hide" "hid" "hidden" ;
|
hide_V = irregV "hide" "hid" "hidden" ;
|
||||||
hit_V = irregDuplV "hit" "hit" "hit" ;
|
hit_V = irregDuplV "hit" "hit" "hit" ;
|
||||||
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ flags optimize=values ;
|
|||||||
mistake_V = irregV "mistake" "mistook" "mistaken" ;
|
mistake_V = irregV "mistake" "mistook" "mistaken" ;
|
||||||
mow_V = irregV "mow" "mowed" (variants {"mowed" ; "mown"}) ;
|
mow_V = irregV "mow" "mowed" (variants {"mowed" ; "mown"}) ;
|
||||||
overcome_V = irregV "overcome" "overcame" "overcome" ;
|
overcome_V = irregV "overcome" "overcame" "overcome" ;
|
||||||
overdo_V = mkV "overdo" "overdoes" "overdid" "overdone" "overdoing" ;
|
overdo_V = mk5V "overdo" "overdoes" "overdid" "overdone" "overdoing" ;
|
||||||
overtake_V = irregV "overtake" "overtook" "overtaken" ;
|
overtake_V = irregV "overtake" "overtook" "overtaken" ;
|
||||||
overthrow_V = irregV "overthrow" "overthrew" "overthrown" ;
|
overthrow_V = irregV "overthrow" "overthrew" "overthrown" ;
|
||||||
pay_V = irregV "pay" "paid" "paid" ;
|
pay_V = irregV "pay" "paid" "paid" ;
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@ in {
|
|||||||
lin dingen_V = irregV "dingen" "dingt" "dingte" "dang" "gedungen" ;
|
lin dingen_V = irregV "dingen" "dingt" "dingte" "dang" "gedungen" ;
|
||||||
lin dreschen_V = irregV "dreschen" "drischt" "drosch" "drösche" "gedroschen" ;
|
lin dreschen_V = irregV "dreschen" "drischt" "drosch" "drösche" "gedroschen" ;
|
||||||
lin dringen_V = irregV "dringen" "dringt" "drang" "dränge" "gedrungen" ;
|
lin dringen_V = irregV "dringen" "dringt" "drang" "dränge" "gedrungen" ;
|
||||||
lin dürfen_V = irregV "dürfen" "darf" "durfte" "dürfte" "gedurft" ;
|
lin dürfen_V = M.mkV
|
||||||
|
"dürfen" "darf" "darfst" "darf" "dürft" "dürf"
|
||||||
|
"durfte" "durftest" "durften" "durftet"
|
||||||
|
"dürfte" "gedurft" []
|
||||||
|
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
||||||
lin empfehlen_V = irregV "empfehlen" "empfiehlt" "empfahl"
|
lin empfehlen_V = irregV "empfehlen" "empfiehlt" "empfahl"
|
||||||
(variants {"empföhle" ; "empfähle"}) "empfohlen" ;
|
(variants {"empföhle" ; "empfähle"}) "empfohlen" ;
|
||||||
lin erlöschen_V = irregV "erlöschen" "erlischt" "erlosch" "erlösche" "erloschen" ;
|
lin erlöschen_V = irregV "erlöschen" "erlischt" "erlosch" "erlösche" "erloschen" ;
|
||||||
@@ -78,7 +82,11 @@ in {
|
|||||||
lin klingen_V = irregV "klingen" "klingt" "klang" "klänge" "geklungen" ;
|
lin klingen_V = irregV "klingen" "klingt" "klang" "klänge" "geklungen" ;
|
||||||
lin kneifen_V = irregV "kneifen" "kneift" "kniff" "kniffe" "gekniffen" ;
|
lin kneifen_V = irregV "kneifen" "kneift" "kniff" "kniffe" "gekniffen" ;
|
||||||
lin kommen_V = irregV "kommen" "kommt" "kam" "käme" "gekommen" ;
|
lin kommen_V = irregV "kommen" "kommt" "kam" "käme" "gekommen" ;
|
||||||
lin können_V = irregV "können" "kann" "konnte" "könnte" "gekonnt" ;
|
lin können_V = M.mkV
|
||||||
|
"können" "kann" "kannst" "kann" "könnt" "könn"
|
||||||
|
"konnte" "konntest" "konnten" "konntet"
|
||||||
|
"könnte" "gekonnt" []
|
||||||
|
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
||||||
lin kriechen_V = irregV "kriechen" "kriecht" "kroch" "kröche" "gekrochen" ;
|
lin kriechen_V = irregV "kriechen" "kriecht" "kroch" "kröche" "gekrochen" ;
|
||||||
lin küren_V = irregV "küren" "kürt" "kürte" "kor" "gekürt" ;
|
lin küren_V = irregV "küren" "kürt" "kürte" "kor" "gekürt" ;
|
||||||
lin laden_V = irregV "laden" "lädt" "lud" "lüde" "geladen" ;
|
lin laden_V = irregV "laden" "lädt" "lud" "lüde" "geladen" ;
|
||||||
@@ -99,9 +107,12 @@ in {
|
|||||||
"mochte" "mochtest" "mochten" "mochtet"
|
"mochte" "mochtest" "mochten" "mochtet"
|
||||||
"möchte" "gemocht" []
|
"möchte" "gemocht" []
|
||||||
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
||||||
|
lin müssen_V = M.mkV
|
||||||
lin müssen_V = irregV "müssen" "muß" "mußte" "müßte" "gemußt" ;
|
"müssen" "muß" "mußt" "muß" "müßt" "müß"
|
||||||
lin nehmen_V = mkV "nehmen" "nimmt" "nimm" "nahm" "nähme" "genommen" ;
|
"mußte" "mußtest" "mußten" "mußtet"
|
||||||
|
"müßte" "gemußt" []
|
||||||
|
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
||||||
|
lin nehmen_V = mk6V "nehmen" "nimmt" "nimm" "nahm" "nähme" "genommen" ;
|
||||||
lin nennen_V = irregV "nennen" "nennt" "nannte" "nennte" "genannt" ;
|
lin nennen_V = irregV "nennen" "nennt" "nannte" "nennte" "genannt" ;
|
||||||
lin pfeifen_V = irregV "pfeifen" "pfeift" "pfiff" "pfiffe" "gepfiffen" ;
|
lin pfeifen_V = irregV "pfeifen" "pfeift" "pfiff" "pfiffe" "gepfiffen" ;
|
||||||
lin preisen_V = irregV "preisen" "preist" "pries" "priese" "gepriesen" ;
|
lin preisen_V = irregV "preisen" "preist" "pries" "priese" "gepriesen" ;
|
||||||
@@ -154,7 +165,12 @@ in {
|
|||||||
lin sinken_V = irregV "sinken" "sinkt" "sank" "sänke" "gesunken" ;
|
lin sinken_V = irregV "sinken" "sinkt" "sank" "sänke" "gesunken" ;
|
||||||
lin sinnen_V = irregV "sinnen" "sinnt" "sann" "sänne" "gesonnen" ;
|
lin sinnen_V = irregV "sinnen" "sinnt" "sann" "sänne" "gesonnen" ;
|
||||||
lin sitzen_V = irregV "sitzen" "sitzt" "saß" "säße" "gesessen" ;
|
lin sitzen_V = irregV "sitzen" "sitzt" "saß" "säße" "gesessen" ;
|
||||||
lin sollen_V = irregV "sollen" "sollt" "sollte" "sollte" "gesollt" ;
|
lin sollen_V = M.mkV
|
||||||
|
"sollen" "soll" "sollst" "soll" "sollt" "soll"
|
||||||
|
"sollte" "solltest" "sollten" "solltet"
|
||||||
|
"sollte" "gesollt" []
|
||||||
|
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
lin speien_V = irregV "speien" "speit" "spie" "spie" "gespien" ;
|
lin speien_V = irregV "speien" "speit" "spie" "spie" "gespien" ;
|
||||||
lin spinnen_V = irregV "spinnen" "spinnt" "spann" (variants {"spönne" ; "spänne"}) "gesponnen" ;
|
lin spinnen_V = irregV "spinnen" "spinnt" "spann" (variants {"spönne" ; "spänne"}) "gesponnen" ;
|
||||||
lin spleißen_V = irregV "spleißen" "spleißt" "spliß" "spliße" "gesplissen" ;
|
lin spleißen_V = irregV "spleißen" "spleißt" "spliß" "spliße" "gesplissen" ;
|
||||||
@@ -188,7 +204,11 @@ in {
|
|||||||
lin weisen_V = irregV "weisen" "weist" "wies" "wiese" "gewiesen" ;
|
lin weisen_V = irregV "weisen" "weist" "wies" "wiese" "gewiesen" ;
|
||||||
lin wenden_V = irregV "wenden" "wendt" (variants {"wandte" ; "wendete"}) (variants {"wandte" ; "wendete"}) (variants {"gewandt" ; "gewendet"}) ;
|
lin wenden_V = irregV "wenden" "wendt" (variants {"wandte" ; "wendete"}) (variants {"wandte" ; "wendete"}) (variants {"gewandt" ; "gewendet"}) ;
|
||||||
lin werben_V = irregV "werben" "wirbt" "warb" "würbe" "geworben" ;
|
lin werben_V = irregV "werben" "wirbt" "warb" "würbe" "geworben" ;
|
||||||
lin werden_V = irregV "werden" "wird" (variants {"wurde" ; "ward"}) "würde" "geworden" ;
|
lin werden_V = M.mkV
|
||||||
|
"werden" "werde" "wirst" "wird" "werdet" "werd"
|
||||||
|
"wurde" "wurdest" "wurden" "wurdet"
|
||||||
|
"würde" "geworden" []
|
||||||
|
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
||||||
lin werfen_V = irregV "werfen" "wirft" "warf" "würfe" "geworfen" ;
|
lin werfen_V = irregV "werfen" "wirft" "warf" "würfe" "geworfen" ;
|
||||||
lin wiegen_V = irregV "wiegen" "wiegt" "wog" "wöge" "gewogen" ;
|
lin wiegen_V = irregV "wiegen" "wiegt" "wog" "wöge" "gewogen" ;
|
||||||
lin winden_V = irregV "winden" "windt" "wand" "wände" "gewunden" ;
|
lin winden_V = irregV "winden" "windt" "wand" "wände" "gewunden" ;
|
||||||
@@ -196,7 +216,7 @@ in {
|
|||||||
lin wollen_V = M.mkV
|
lin wollen_V = M.mkV
|
||||||
"wollen" "will" "willst" "will" "wollt" "woll"
|
"wollen" "will" "willst" "will" "wollt" "woll"
|
||||||
"wollte" "wolltest" "wollten" "wolltet"
|
"wollte" "wolltest" "wollten" "wolltet"
|
||||||
"wollte" "gewollen" []
|
"wollte" "gewollt" []
|
||||||
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ concrete IrregSwe of IrregSweAbs = CatSwe ** open ParadigmsSwe in {
|
|||||||
utbrista_V = irregV "utbrista" "utbrast" "utbrustit" ;
|
utbrista_V = irregV "utbrista" "utbrast" "utbrustit" ;
|
||||||
utesluta_V = irregV "utesluta" "uteslöt" "uteslutit" ;
|
utesluta_V = irregV "utesluta" "uteslöt" "uteslutit" ;
|
||||||
utskriva_V = irregV "utskriva" "utskrev" "utskrivit" ;
|
utskriva_V = irregV "utskriva" "utskrev" "utskrivit" ;
|
||||||
veta_V = mkV "veta" "vet" "vet" "visste" "vetat" (variants {}) ;
|
veta_V = mk6V "veta" "vet" "vet" "visste" "vetat" (variants {}) ;
|
||||||
vända_V = irregV "vända" "vände" "vänt" ;
|
vända_V = irregV "vända" "vände" "vänt" ;
|
||||||
vina_V = irregV "vina" "ven" "vinit" ;
|
vina_V = irregV "vina" "ven" "vinit" ;
|
||||||
vinna_V = irregV "vinna" "vann" "vunnit" ;
|
vinna_V = irregV "vinna" "vann" "vunnit" ;
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Lang: a Test Module for the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Lang: a Test Module for the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-26 13:24:17 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ which may be more suitable to open in applications.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Lang.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Lang.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
|||||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST
|
Last update: 2007-06-04 14:10:04 CEST
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Produced by
|
Produced by
|
||||||
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
important_A : A ;
|
important_A : A ;
|
||||||
industry_N : N ;
|
industry_N : N ;
|
||||||
iron_N : N ;
|
iron_N : N ;
|
||||||
|
john_PN : PN ;
|
||||||
jump_V : V ;
|
jump_V : V ;
|
||||||
kill_V2 : V2 ;
|
kill_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
king_N : N ;
|
king_N : N ;
|
||||||
@@ -209,7 +210,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
man_N : N ;
|
man_N : N ;
|
||||||
married_A2 : A2 ;
|
married_A2 : A2 ;
|
||||||
meat_N : N ;
|
meat_N : N ;
|
||||||
meat_N : N ;
|
|
||||||
milk_N : N ;
|
milk_N : N ;
|
||||||
moon_N : N ;
|
moon_N : N ;
|
||||||
mother_N2 : N2 ;
|
mother_N2 : N2 ;
|
||||||
@@ -246,10 +246,13 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
push_V2 : V2 ;
|
push_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
put_V2 : V2 ;
|
put_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
queen_N : N ;
|
queen_N : N ;
|
||||||
|
question_N : N ;
|
||||||
radio_N : N ;
|
radio_N : N ;
|
||||||
rain_N : N ;
|
rain_N : N ;
|
||||||
rain_V0 : V ;
|
rain_V0 : V ;
|
||||||
read_V2 : V2 ;
|
read_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
|
ready_A : A ;
|
||||||
|
reason_N : N ;
|
||||||
red_A : A ;
|
red_A : A ;
|
||||||
religion_N : N ;
|
religion_N : N ;
|
||||||
restaurant_N : N ;
|
restaurant_N : N ;
|
||||||
@@ -334,6 +337,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
think_V : V ;
|
think_V : V ;
|
||||||
throw_V2 : V2 ;
|
throw_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
tie_V2 : V2 ;
|
tie_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
|
today_Adv : Adv ;
|
||||||
tongue_N : N ;
|
tongue_N : N ;
|
||||||
tooth_N : N ;
|
tooth_N : N ;
|
||||||
train_N : N ;
|
train_N : N ;
|
||||||
@@ -341,6 +345,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
tree_N : N ;
|
tree_N : N ;
|
||||||
turn_V : V ;
|
turn_V : V ;
|
||||||
ugly_A : A ;
|
ugly_A : A ;
|
||||||
|
uncertain_A : A ;
|
||||||
understand_V2 : V2 ;
|
understand_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
university_N : N ;
|
university_N : N ;
|
||||||
village_N : N ;
|
village_N : N ;
|
||||||
@@ -352,7 +357,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
wash_V2 : V2 ;
|
wash_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
watch_V2 : V2 ;
|
watch_V2 : V2 ;
|
||||||
water_N : N ;
|
water_N : N ;
|
||||||
water_N : N ;
|
|
||||||
wet_A : A ;
|
wet_A : A ;
|
||||||
white_A : A ;
|
white_A : A ;
|
||||||
wide_A : A ;
|
wide_A : A ;
|
||||||
@@ -376,6 +380,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Lexicon.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Lexicon.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The Mathematics API to the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The Mathematics API to the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-03-03 17:06:11 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-02-28 09:26:58 CET</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -67,6 +67,6 @@ Sentence,
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc mathematical/Mathematical.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc mathematical/Mathematical.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Multimodal additions to the resource grammar library</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Multimodal additions to the resource grammar library</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-31 02:54:54 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-05-24 15:08:56 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -75,6 +75,6 @@ Building points from strings.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc multimodal/Multi.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc multimodal/Multi.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Noun: Nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Noun: Nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-26 13:24:17 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -219,6 +219,6 @@ This is certainly overgenerating.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Noun.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Noun.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Numerals</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Numerals</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-26 13:24:17 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -74,6 +74,6 @@ parts of a numeral, which is often incorrect - more work on
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Numeral.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Numeral.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Danish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Danish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 10:12:24 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
|
|||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
@@ -126,12 +126,8 @@ Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
|
|
||||||
last letter of the second form (if <I>n</I>, then <CODE>utrum</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>neutrum</CODE>).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -141,14 +137,14 @@ The heuristic is that all nouns are <CODE>utrum</CODE> with the
|
|||||||
plural ending <I>er</I> or <I>r</I>.
|
plural ending <I>er</I> or <I>r</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
mkN : (bil : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Giving gender manually makes the heuristic more reliable.
|
Giving gender manually makes the heuristic more reliable.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
|
mkN : (hus : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -156,7 +152,7 @@ This function takes the singular indefinite and definite forms; the
|
|||||||
gender is computed from the definite form.
|
gender is computed from the definite form.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk2N : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -164,7 +160,16 @@ This function takes the singular indefinite and definite and the plural
|
|||||||
indefinite
|
indefinite
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk3N : (bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : (bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
|
||||||
|
last letter of the second form (if <I>n</I>, then <CODE>utrum</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>neutrum</CODE>).
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -216,46 +221,34 @@ and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
|||||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Paris neutrum
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
regPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum gender
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
mkPN : N -> PN ;
|
||||||
<P>
|
} ;
|
||||||
Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. <I>Bank</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
nounPN : N -> PN ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular
|
|
||||||
genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms:
|
The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending
|
||||||
|
with <I>ig</I>. Two, five, or at worst five forms are sometimes needed.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkA : (fin : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
mkA : (fin,fint : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
mkA : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
For regular adjectives, the other forms are derived.
|
If comparison is formed by <I>mer</I>, <I>mest</I>, as in general for
|
||||||
|
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
mkA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
} ;
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
In most cases, two forms are enough.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mk2A : (stor,stort : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -267,44 +260,6 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
|||||||
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Comparison adjectives may need as many as five forms.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkADeg : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending
|
|
||||||
with <I>ig</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regADeg : Str -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Just the comparison forms can be irregular.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
irregADeg : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mk3ADeg : (galen,galet,galna : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
mk2ADeg : (bred,bredt : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
If comparison is formed by <I>mer</I>, <I>mest</I>, as in general for
|
|
||||||
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -326,25 +281,22 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The worst case needs six forms.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The 'regular verb' function is the first conjugation.
|
The 'regular verb' function is the first conjugation.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regV : (snakke : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (snakke : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The almost regular verb function needs the infinitive and the preteritum.
|
The almost regular verb function needs the infinitive and the preteritum.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk2V : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -352,10 +304,27 @@ There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregDan</CODE
|
|||||||
In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
|
In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
irregV : (drikke, drak, drukket : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The worst case needs six forms.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||||
|
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The particle, such as in <I>lukke op</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</H3>
|
<H3>Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
|
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
|
||||||
@@ -364,15 +333,6 @@ By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>v
|
|||||||
vaereV : V -> V ;
|
vaereV : V -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Verbs with a particle</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The particle, such as in <I>passe på</I>, is given as a string.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Deponent verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Deponent verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -388,12 +348,14 @@ reflexive e.g. <I>forestille sig</I>.
|
|||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||||
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
(transitive verbs). Notice that, if a particle is needed, it comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -443,6 +405,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc danish/ParadigmsDan.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc danish/ParadigmsDan.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> English Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> English Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2007-01-08 17:30:04 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-06-25 18:09:50 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -18,22 +18,19 @@
|
|||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adverbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Prepositions</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Prepositions</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Reflexive verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
|
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Other complement patterns</A>
|
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -130,13 +127,6 @@ number of arguments.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Worst case: give all four forms.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The regular function captures the variants for nouns ending with
|
The regular function captures the variants for nouns ending with
|
||||||
<I>s</I>,<I>sh</I>,<I>x</I>,<I>z</I> or <I>y</I>: <I>kiss - kisses</I>, <I>flash - flashes</I>;
|
<I>s</I>,<I>sh</I>,<I>x</I>,<I>z</I> or <I>y</I>: <I>kiss - kisses</I>, <I>flash - flashes</I>;
|
||||||
<I>fly - flies</I> (but <I>toy - toys</I>),
|
<I>fly - flies</I> (but <I>toy - toys</I>),
|
||||||
@@ -146,19 +136,17 @@ The regular function captures the variants for nouns ending with
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
In practice the worst case is just: give singular and plural nominative.
|
In practice the worst case is to give singular and plural nominative.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : (man,men : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : (man,men : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
All nouns created by the previous functions are marked as
|
The theoretical worst case: give all four forms.
|
||||||
<CODE>nonhuman</CODE>. If you want a <CODE>human</CODE> noun, wrap it with the following
|
|
||||||
function:
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : Gender -> N -> N ;
|
mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -201,60 +189,64 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepos
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed from strings.
|
||||||
relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
cnN2 : CN -> Prep -> N2 ;
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
cnN3 : CN -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
|
|
||||||
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Sometimes a common noun can be reused as a proper name, e.g. <I>Bank</I>
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkPN : N -> PN
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regPN : Str -> PN ;
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- John, John's
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. <I>Bank</I>.
|
For regular adjectives, the adverbial and comparison forms are derived. This holds
|
||||||
|
even for cases with the variations <I>happy - happily - happier - happiest</I>,
|
||||||
|
<I>free - freely - freer - freest</I>, and <I>rude - rudest</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
nounPN : N -> PN ;
|
mkA : (happy : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular
|
However, the duplication of the final consonant cannot be predicted,
|
||||||
genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
|
but a separate case is used to give the comparative
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
|
mkA : (fat,fatter : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
As many as four forms may be needed.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> A
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
To force comparison to be formed by <I>more - most</I>,
|
||||||
|
the following function is used:
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need two forms: one for
|
|
||||||
the adjectival and one for the adverbial form (<I>free - freely</I>)
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkA : (free,freely : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
For regular adjectives, the adverbial form is derived. This holds
|
|
||||||
even for cases with the variation <I>happy - happily</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||||
@@ -263,48 +255,7 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
|||||||
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||||
Comparison adjectives may two more forms.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
ADeg : Type ;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
mkADeg : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> ADeg ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The regular pattern recognizes two common variations:
|
|
||||||
<I>-e</I> (<I>rude</I> - <I>ruder</I> - <I>rudest</I>) and
|
|
||||||
<I>-y</I> (<I>happy - happier - happiest - happily</I>)
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regADeg : Str -> ADeg ; -- long, longer, longest
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
However, the duplication of the final consonant is nor predicted,
|
|
||||||
but a separate pattern is used:
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
duplADeg : Str -> ADeg ; -- fat, fatter, fattest
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
If comparison is formed by <I>more</I>, <I>most</I>, as in general for
|
|
||||||
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
compoundADeg : A -> ADeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
From a given <CODE>ADeg</CODE>, it is possible to get back to <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
adegA : ADeg -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||||
@@ -322,7 +273,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
|||||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
|
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
|
A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
|
||||||
@@ -336,76 +287,91 @@ build <CODE>PP</CODE>s in the resource API, just requires a string.
|
|||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
(These two functions are synonyms.)
|
(These two functions are synonyms.)
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Verbs are constructed by the function <CODE>mkV</CODE>, which takes a varying
|
||||||
|
number of arguments.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The regular verb function recognizes the special cases where the last
|
||||||
|
character is <I>y</I> (<I>cry-cries</I> but <I>buy-buys</I>) or a sibilant
|
||||||
|
(<I>kiss-</I>kisses<I>, //jazz-jazzes</I>, <I>rush-rushes</I>, <I>munch - munches</I>, //
|
||||||
|
<I>fix - fixes</I>).
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (cry : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Give the present and past forms for regular verbs where
|
||||||
|
the last letter is duplicated in some forms,
|
||||||
|
e.g. <I>rip - ripped - ripping</I>.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>.
|
||||||
|
In practice, it is enough to give three forms,
|
||||||
|
e.g. <I>drink - drank - drunk</I>.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Irregular verbs with duplicated consonant in the present participle.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (run, ran, run, running : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
Except for <I>be</I>, the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and
|
Except for <I>be</I>, the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and
|
||||||
the third person singular present, the past indicative, and the
|
the third person singular present, the past indicative, and the
|
||||||
past and present participles.
|
past and present participles.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The regular verb function recognizes the special cases where the last
|
Verbs with a particle.
|
||||||
character is <I>y</I> (<I>cry - cries</I> but <I>buy - buys</I>) or <I>s</I>, <I>sh</I>, <I>x</I>, <I>z</I>
|
|
||||||
(<I>fix - fixes</I>, etc).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regV : Str -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The following variant duplicates the last letter in the forms like
|
|
||||||
<I>rip - ripped - ripping</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regDuplV : Str -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>.
|
|
||||||
In practice, it is enough to give three forms,
|
|
||||||
e.g. <I>drink - drank - drunk</I>, with a variant indicating consonant
|
|
||||||
duplication in the present participle.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
irregV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V ;
|
|
||||||
irregDuplV : (get, got, gotten : Str) -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
|
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Reflexive verbs</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Reflexive verbs.
|
||||||
By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
|
By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||||
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; -- believe in
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 -- kill
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||||
@@ -417,7 +383,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
|||||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_
|
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||||
@@ -441,17 +407,17 @@ questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Notice: categories <CODE>V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q</CODE> are in v 1.0 treated
|
Notice: categories <CODE>V2S, V2V, V2Q</CODE> are in v 1.0 treated
|
||||||
just as synonyms of <CODE>V2</CODE>, and the second argument is given
|
just as synonyms of <CODE>V2</CODE>, and the second argument is given
|
||||||
as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||||
<CODE>V0</CODE> is just <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
<CODE>V0</CODE> is just <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
V0, V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q : Type ;
|
V0, V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type ;
|
||||||
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc english/ParadigmsEng.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc english/ParadigmsEng.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Finnish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Finnish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-11-21 14:49:06 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-08 15:18:54 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -117,8 +117,6 @@ stems, vowel alternation, and vowel harmony.
|
|||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
oper
|
oper
|
||||||
mkN : (talo, talon, talona, taloa, taloon,
|
|
||||||
taloina,taloissa,talojen,taloja,taloihin : Str) -> N ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -127,22 +125,21 @@ nominative) and analyses it to pick the correct paradigm.
|
|||||||
It does automatic grade alternation, and is hence not usable
|
It does automatic grade alternation, and is hence not usable
|
||||||
for words like <I>auto</I> (whose genitive would become <I>audon</I>).
|
for words like <I>auto</I> (whose genitive would become <I>audon</I>).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regN : (talo : Str) -> N ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
If <CODE>regN</CODE> does not give the correct result, one can try and give
|
If the one-argument paradigm does not give the correct result, one can try and give
|
||||||
two or three forms as follows. Examples of the use of these
|
two or three forms. Most notably, the two-argument variant is used
|
||||||
functions are given in <CODE>BasicFin</CODE>. Most notably, <CODE>reg2N</CODE> is used
|
|
||||||
for nouns like <I>kivi - kiviä</I>, which would otherwise become like
|
for nouns like <I>kivi - kiviä</I>, which would otherwise become like
|
||||||
<I>rivi - rivejä</I>. <CODE>regN3</CODE> is used e.g. for
|
<I>rivi - rivejä</I>. Three arguments are used e.g. for
|
||||||
<I>sydän - sydämen - sydämiä</I>, which would otherwise become
|
<I>sydän - sydämen - sydämiä</I>, which would otherwise become
|
||||||
<I>sydän - sytämen</I>.
|
<I>sydän - sytämen</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
reg2N : (savi,savia : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
reg3N : (vesi,veden,vesiä : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : (talo : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
|
mkN : (savi,savia : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
|
mkN : (vesi,veden,vesiä : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
|
mkN : (olo,oln,olona,oloa,oloon,oloina,oloissa,olojen,oloja,oloihin : Str) -> N
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -291,12 +288,14 @@ have only their last part inflected.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Nouns used as functions need a case, of which by far the commonest is
|
Nouns used as functions need a case, of which the default is
|
||||||
the genitive.
|
the genitive.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
|
mkN2 = overload {
|
||||||
genN2 : N -> N2 ;
|
mkN2 : N -> N2 = genN2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = mmkN2
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
|
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
@@ -306,18 +305,28 @@ Proper names can be formed by using declensions for nouns.
|
|||||||
The plural forms are filtered away by the compiler.
|
The plural forms are filtered away by the compiler.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regPN : Str -> PN ;
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
mkPN : N -> PN ;
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ;
|
||||||
mkNP : N -> Number -> NP ;
|
mkPN : N -> PN
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives are just like nouns.
|
Non-comparison one-place adjectives are just like nouns.
|
||||||
|
The regular adjectives are based on <CODE>regN</CODE> in the positive.
|
||||||
|
Comparison adjectives have three forms.
|
||||||
|
The comparative and the superlative
|
||||||
|
are always inflected in the same way, so the nominative of them is actually
|
||||||
|
enough (except for the superlative <I>paras</I> of <I>hyvä</I>).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkA : N -> A ;
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkA : Str -> A ;
|
||||||
|
mkA : N -> A ;
|
||||||
|
mkA : N -> (kivempaa,kivinta : Str) -> A
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -327,22 +336,6 @@ Two-place adjectives need a case for the second argument.
|
|||||||
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Comparison adjectives have three forms. The comparative and the superlative
|
|
||||||
are always inflected in the same way, so the nominative of them is actually
|
|
||||||
enough (except for the superlative <I>paras</I> of <I>hyvä</I>).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkADeg : (kiva : N) -> (kivempaa,kivinta : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The regular adjectives are based on <CODE>regN</CODE> in the positive.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regA : (punainen : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -350,26 +343,22 @@ The grammar does not cover the potential mood and some nominal
|
|||||||
forms. One way to see the coverage is to linearize a verb to
|
forms. One way to see the coverage is to linearize a verb to
|
||||||
a table.
|
a table.
|
||||||
The worst case needs twelve forms, as shown in the following.
|
The worst case needs twelve forms, as shown in the following.
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkV : (tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,
|
|
||||||
tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun : Str) -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The following heuristics cover more and more verbs.
|
The following heuristics cover more and more verbs.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regV : (soutaa : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
reg2V : (soutaa,souti : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (soutaa : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
reg3V : (soutaa,soudan,souti : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (soutaa,souti : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
mkV : (soutaa,soudan,souti : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
mkV : (tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The subject case of verbs is by default nominative. This dunction can change it.
|
The subject case of verbs is by default nominative. This function can change it.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
subjcaseV : V -> Case -> V ;
|
mkV : V -> Case -> V
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -429,26 +418,18 @@ The verbs <I>be</I> is special.
|
|||||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a case, and can have a pre- or postposition.
|
Two-place verbs need an object case, and can have a pre- or postposition.
|
||||||
|
The default is direct (accusative) object. There is also a special case
|
||||||
|
with case only. The string-only argument case yields a regular verb with
|
||||||
|
accusative object.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||||
<P>
|
mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2 ;
|
||||||
If the complement needs just a case, the following special function can be used.
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
||||||
</P>
|
} ;
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
caseV2 : V -> Case -> V2 ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Verbs with a direct (accusative) object
|
|
||||||
are special, since their complement case is finally decided in syntax.
|
|
||||||
But this is taken care of in <CODE>VerbFin</CODE>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -498,6 +479,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc finnish/ParadigmsFin.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc finnish/ParadigmsFin.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> French Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> French Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 09:17:50 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -24,14 +24,13 @@
|
|||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Two-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Three-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Other complement patterns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -122,32 +121,35 @@ amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Worst case: give both two forms and the gender.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The regular function takes the singular form,
|
The regular function uses heuristics to compute the
|
||||||
and computes the plural and the gender by a heuristic. The plural
|
plural and the gender from the singular. The plural
|
||||||
heuristic currently
|
heuristic currently
|
||||||
covers the cases <I>pas-pas</I>, <I>prix-prix</I>, <I>nez-nez</I>,
|
covers the cases <I>pas-pas</I>, <I>prix-prix</I>, <I>nez-nez</I>,
|
||||||
<I>bijou-bijoux</I>, <I>cheveu-cheveux</I>, <I>plateau-plateaux</I>, <I>cheval-chevaux</I>.
|
<I>bijou-bijoux</I>, <I>cheveu-cheveux</I>, <I>plateau-plateaux</I>, <I>cheval-chevaux</I>.
|
||||||
The gender heuristic is less reliable: it treats as feminine all
|
The gender heuristic is less reliable: it treats as feminine all
|
||||||
nouns ending with <I>e</I> and <I>ion</I>, all others as masculine.
|
nouns ending with <I>e</I> and <I>ion</I>, all others as masculine.
|
||||||
If in doubt, use the <CODE>cc</CODE> command to test!
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
mkN : (cheval : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adding gender information widens the scope of the foregoing function.
|
Adding gender information widens the scope of the regular pattern.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
|
mkN : (foie : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
In the worst case, both singular and plural forms and the gender are needed.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkN : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -159,7 +161,8 @@ They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
|
|||||||
they are frequent in lexica.
|
they are frequent in lexica.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
compN : N -> Str -> N ;
|
mkN : N -> Str -> N
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -198,51 +201,65 @@ and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
|||||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Proper names need a string and a gender.
|
Proper names need a string and a gender. If no gender is given, the
|
||||||
|
feminine is used for strings ending with <I>e</I>, the masculine for other strings.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Jean
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ;
|
||||||
regPN : Str -> PN ; -- feminine if "-e", masculine otherwise
|
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
} ;
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
To form a noun phrase that can also be plural,
|
|
||||||
you can use the worst-case function.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need four forms in the worst
|
|
||||||
case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ;
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
For regular adjectives, all other forms are derived from the
|
For regular adjectives, all forms are derived from the
|
||||||
masculine singular. The heuristic takes into account certain
|
masculine singular. The heuristic takes into account certain
|
||||||
deviant endings: <I>banal- -banaux</I>, <I>chinois- -chinois</I>,
|
deviant endings: <I>banal-banale-banaux</I>, <I>chinois-chinoise-chinois</I>,
|
||||||
<I>heureux-heureuse-heureux</I>, <I>italien-italienne</I>, <I>jeune-jeune</I>,
|
<I>heureux-heureuse-heureux</I>, <I>italien-italienne</I>, <I>jeune-jeune</I>,
|
||||||
<I>amer-amère</I>, <I>carré- - -carrément</I>, <I>joli- - -joliment</I>.
|
<I>amer-amère</I>, <I>carré- - -carrément</I>, <I>joli- - -joliment</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
mkA : (cher : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
|
Often just the feminine singular is deviant.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : (sec,seche : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
This is the worst-case paradigm for the positive forms.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
If comparison forms are irregular (i.e. not formed by <I>plus</I>, e.g.
|
||||||
|
<I>bon-meilleur</I>), the positive and comparative can be given as separate
|
||||||
|
adjectives.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : A -> A -> A
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The functions create by default postfix adjectives. To switch
|
||||||
them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
|
them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
|
||||||
modification, as in <I>petite maison</I>), the following function is
|
modification, as in <I>petite maison</I>), the following function is
|
||||||
provided.
|
provided.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
prefA : A -> A ;
|
prefixA : A -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -255,32 +272,6 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Comparison adjectives</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
|
|
||||||
adjectives: the positive (<I>bon</I>), and the comparative (<I>meilleure</I>).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
If comparison is formed by <I>plus</I>, as usual in French,
|
|
||||||
the following pattern is used:
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
compADeg : A -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
For prefixed adjectives, the following function is
|
|
||||||
provided.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
prefA : A -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||||
@@ -304,24 +295,20 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
|||||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Irregular verbs are given in the module <CODE>VerbsFre</CODE>.
|
Irregular verbs are given in the module <CODE>IrregFre</CODE>.
|
||||||
If a verb should be missing in that list, the module
|
If a verb should be missing in that list, the module
|
||||||
<CODE>BeschFre</CODE> gives all the patterns of the <I>Bescherelle</I> book.
|
<CODE>BeschFre</CODE> gives all the patterns of the <I>Bescherelle</I> book.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive <I>er</I> or <I>ir</I>, the
|
Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive <I>er</I> or <I>ir</I>, the
|
||||||
latter with plural present indicative forms as <I>finissons</I>.
|
latter with plural present indicative forms as <I>finissons</I>.
|
||||||
The regular verb function is the first conjugation recognizes
|
The regular verb function in the first conjugation recognizes
|
||||||
these endings, as well as the variations among
|
these endings, as well as the variations among
|
||||||
<I>aimer, céder, placer, peser, jeter, placer, manger, assiéger, payer</I>.
|
<I>aimer, céder, placer, peser, jeter, placer, manger, assiéger, payer</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regV : Str -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Sometimes, however, it is not predictable which variant of the <I>er</I>
|
Sometimes, however, it is not predictable which variant of the <I>er</I>
|
||||||
conjugation is to be selected. Then it is better to use the function
|
conjugation is to be selected. Then it is better to use the function
|
||||||
@@ -329,50 +316,63 @@ that gives the third person singular present indicative and future
|
|||||||
((<I>il</I>) <I>jette</I>, <I>jettera</I>) as second argument.
|
((<I>il</I>) <I>jette</I>, <I>jettera</I>) as second argument.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
reg3V : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkV : (finir : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
mkV : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The function <CODE>regV</CODE> gives all verbs the compound auxiliary <I>avoir</I>.
|
The <CODE>IrregFre</CODE> list gives some verbs as two-place. These verbs can be
|
||||||
To change it to <I>être</I>, use the following function. Reflexive implies <I>être</I>.
|
reused as one-place verbs.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : V2 -> V
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The function <CODE>mkV</CODE> gives the default compound auxiliary <I>avoir</I>.
|
||||||
|
To change it to <I>être</I>, use the following function.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
etreV : V -> V ;
|
etreV : V -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
This function turns a verb into reflexive, which implies the auxiliary <I>être</I>.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||||
(transitive verbs).
|
(transitive verbs).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 = overload {
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ;
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = mmkV2
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||||
You can reuse a <CODE>V2</CODE> verb in <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
v2V : V2 -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||||
the first one or both can be absent.
|
the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- parler, à, de
|
mkV3 : overload {
|
||||||
dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- donner,_,à
|
mkV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donner,_,_
|
||||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donner,_,_
|
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- placer,_,dans
|
||||||
|
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 -- parler, à, de
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||||
@@ -409,6 +409,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc french/ParadigmsFre.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc french/ParadigmsFre.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> German Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> German Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2007-03-22 14:10:09 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-06-08 17:51:31 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Aarne Ranta & Harald Hammarström 2003--2006
|
Aarne Ranta, Harald Hammarström and Björn Bringert2003--2007
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
|
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
|
||||||
@@ -50,19 +50,14 @@ Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
|
|||||||
accessed through the resource syntax API, <CODE>Structural.gf</CODE>.
|
accessed through the resource syntax API, <CODE>Structural.gf</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The main difference with <CODE>MorphoGer.gf</CODE> is that the types
|
|
||||||
referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
|
|
||||||
had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
|
|
||||||
than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The structure of functions for each word class <CODE>C</CODE> is the following:
|
The structure of functions for each word class <CODE>C</CODE> is the following:
|
||||||
first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
|
first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
|
||||||
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
|
cases, from the most regular (with just one argument) to the worst.
|
||||||
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
|
The name of this function is <CODE>mkC</CODE>.
|
||||||
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
|
</P>
|
||||||
separate module <A HREF="../../german/IrregGer.gf"><CODE>IrregGer</CODE></A>
|
<P>
|
||||||
which covers irregularly inflected verbs.
|
There is also a module <A HREF="../../german/IrregGer.gf"><CODE>IrregGer</CODE></A>
|
||||||
|
which covers irregular verbs.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
resource ParadigmsGer = open
|
resource ParadigmsGer = open
|
||||||
@@ -111,13 +106,8 @@ To abstract over number names, we define the following.
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Worst case: give all four singular forms, two plural forms (others + dative),
|
|
||||||
and the gender.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
-- mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -127,7 +117,7 @@ feminine with plural ending <I>-n, -en</I>, and the rest are masculines
|
|||||||
with the plural <I>-e</I> (without Umlaut).
|
with the plural <I>-e</I> (without Umlaut).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
mkN : (Stufe : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -136,21 +126,35 @@ dictionary. It takes the singular and plural nominative and the
|
|||||||
gender, and infers the other forms from these.
|
gender, and infers the other forms from these.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
reg2N : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
mkN : (Bild,Bilder : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Worst case: give all four singular forms, two plural forms (others + dative),
|
||||||
|
and the gender.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N
|
||||||
|
-- mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Relational nouns need a preposition. The most common is <I>von</I> with
|
Relational nouns need a preposition. The most common is <I>von</I> with
|
||||||
the dative. Some prepositions are constructed in <A HREF="StructuralGer.html">StructuralGer</A>.
|
the dative, and there is a special case for regular nouns.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
|
mkN2 : overload {
|
||||||
vonN2 : N -> N2 ;
|
mkN2 : Str -> N2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkN2 : N -> N2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Use the function <CODE>mkPrep</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
|
Use the function <CODE>mkPrep</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
|
||||||
form other prepositions.
|
form other prepositions.
|
||||||
|
Some prepositions are moreover constructed in <A HREF="StructuralGer.html">StructuralGer</A>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Three-place relational nouns (<I>die Verbindung von x nach y</I>) need two prepositions.
|
Three-place relational nouns (<I>die Verbindung von x nach y</I>) need two prepositions.
|
||||||
@@ -162,22 +166,34 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>die Verbindung von x nach y</I>) need two prepo
|
|||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
Proper names, with an <I>s</I> genitive and other cases like the
|
||||||
The regular genitive is <I>s</I>, omitted after <I>s</I>.
|
nominative, are formed from a string. Final <I>s</I> (<I>Johannes-Johannes</I>) is
|
||||||
|
taken into account.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkPN : (karolus, karoli : Str) -> PN ; -- karolus, karoli
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
regPN : (Johann : Str) -> PN ;
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ;
|
||||||
-- Johann, Johanns ; Johannes, Johannes
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
If only the genitive differs, two strings are needed.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkPN : (nom,gen : Str) -> PN ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
In the worst case, all four forms are needed.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkPN : (nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> PN
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Adjectives need three forms, one for each degree.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkA : (x1,_,x3 : Str) -> A ; -- gut,besser,beste
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -185,7 +201,16 @@ The regular adjective formation works for most cases, and includes
|
|||||||
variations such as <I>teuer - teurer</I>, <I>böse - böser</I>.
|
variations such as <I>teuer - teurer</I>, <I>böse - böser</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
mkA : Str -> A ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
In the worst case, adjectives need three forms - one for each degree.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A -- gut,besser,beste
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -205,7 +230,7 @@ Two-place adjectives are formed by adding a preposition to an adjective.
|
|||||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adverbs are just strings.
|
Adverbs are formed from strings.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
|
mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
|
||||||
@@ -239,6 +264,24 @@ A couple of common prepositions (always with the dative).
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Regular verbs (<I>weak verbs</I>) need just the infinitive form.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (führen : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Irregular verbs use Ablaut and, in the worst cases, also Umlaut.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (sehen,sieht,sah,sähe,gesehen : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The worst-case constructor needs six forms:
|
The worst-case constructor needs six forms:
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
@@ -252,21 +295,15 @@ The worst-case constructor needs six forms:
|
|||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> V ; -- geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben
|
mkV : (geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Weak verbs are sometimes called regular verbs.
|
To add a movable suffix e.g. <I>auf(fassen)</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regV : Str -> V ; -- führen
|
mkV : Str -> V -> V
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
};
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Irregular verbs use Ablaut and, in the worst cases, also Umlaut.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
irregV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> V ; -- sehen, sieht, sah, sähe, gesehen
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -278,13 +315,6 @@ prefixed by <I>be-, ver-</I>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
To add a movable suffix e.g. <I>auf(fassen)</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
prefixV : Str -> V -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
To change the auxiliary from <I>haben</I> (default) to <I>sein</I> and
|
To change the auxiliary from <I>haben</I> (default) to <I>sein</I> and
|
||||||
vice-versa.
|
vice-versa.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
@@ -302,15 +332,30 @@ Reflexive verbs can take reflexive pronouns of different cases.
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object
|
Two-place verbs with a preposition.
|
||||||
(accusative, transitive verbs). There is also a case for dative objects.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
datV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Two-place verbs with direct object (accusative, transitive verbs).
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Two-place verbs with object in the given case.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -360,6 +405,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc german/ParadigmsGer.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc german/ParadigmsGer.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Italian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Italian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-12-15 17:11:19 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 09:18:06 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -16,22 +16,20 @@
|
|||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adverbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Verbs</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Two-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Three-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Other complement patterns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -132,11 +130,8 @@ The following prepositions also have special contracted forms.
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Worst case: give both two forms and the gender.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : (uomo,uomini : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -146,45 +141,45 @@ The heuristic says that the gender is feminine for nouns
|
|||||||
ending with <I>a</I>, and masculine for all other words.
|
ending with <I>a</I>, and masculine for all other words.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
mkN : (cane : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
|
To force a different gender, give it explicitly.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mascN : N -> N ;
|
mkN : (carne : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
femN : N -> N ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
|
Worst case: give both two forms and the gender.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkN : (uomo,uomini : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
In <B>compound nouns</B>, the first part is inflected as a noun but
|
||||||
the second part is not inflected. e.g. <I>numero di telefono</I>.
|
the second part is not inflected. e.g. <I>numero di telefono</I>.
|
||||||
They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
|
They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
|
||||||
they are frequent in lexica.
|
they are frequent in lexica.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
compN : N -> Str -> N ;
|
mkN : N -> Str -> N
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Relational nouns (<I>figlio di x</I>) need a case and a preposition.
|
Relational nouns (<I>figlio di x</I>) need a case and a preposition.
|
||||||
|
The default is regular nouns with the genitive <I>di</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
|
mkN2 : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
mkN2 : Str -> N2 ;
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2
|
||||||
<P>
|
} ;
|
||||||
The most common cases are the genitive <I>di</I> and the dative <I>a</I>,
|
|
||||||
with the empty preposition.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
diN2 : N -> N2 ;
|
|
||||||
aN2 : N -> N2 ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -194,7 +189,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>la connessione di x a y</I>) need two prepositi
|
|||||||
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
|
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||||
@@ -202,53 +197,62 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>la vecchia chiesa di</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
|
|||||||
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
||||||
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Proper names need a string and a gender.
|
Proper names need a string and a gender. The gender is by default feminine if
|
||||||
|
the name ends with an <I>a</I>, and masculine otherwise.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
regPN : Str -> PN ; -- feminine if "-a", otherwise masculine
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ;
|
||||||
|
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||||
To form a noun phrase that can also be plural,
|
|
||||||
you can use the worst-case function.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
|
|
||||||
case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkA : (solo,sola,soli,sole, solamente : Str) -> A ;
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
For regular adjectives, all other forms are derived from the
|
For regular adjectives, all forms are derived from the
|
||||||
masculine singular.
|
masculine singular. Comparison is formed by <I>più</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
mkA : (bianco : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
|
Five forms are needed in the worst
|
||||||
|
case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial), given that
|
||||||
|
comparison is formed by <I>più</I>.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : (solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
With irregular comparison, there are as it were two adjectives:
|
||||||
|
the positive (<I>buono</I>) and the comparative (<I>migliore</I>).
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : A -> A -> A
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
All the functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch
|
||||||
them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
|
them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
|
||||||
modification, as in <I>vecchia chiesa</I>), the following function is
|
modification, as in <I>vecchia chiesa</I>), the following function is
|
||||||
provided.
|
provided.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
prefA : A -> A ;
|
prefixA : A -> A = prefA ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||||
@@ -257,33 +261,7 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
|||||||
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Comparison adjectives</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
|
|
||||||
adjectives: the positive (<I>buono</I>), and the comparative (<I>migliore</I>).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
If comparison is formed by <I>più</I>, as usual in Italian,
|
|
||||||
the following pattern is used:
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
compADeg : A -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The regular pattern is the same as <CODE>regA</CODE> for plain adjectives,
|
|
||||||
with comparison by <I>più</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regADeg : Str -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||||
@@ -307,8 +285,12 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
|||||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive <I>are</I> or <I>ire</I>, the
|
Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive <I>are</I> or <I>ire</I>, the
|
||||||
latter with singular present indicative forms as <I>finisco</I>.
|
latter with singular present indicative forms as <I>finisco</I>.
|
||||||
@@ -317,7 +299,7 @@ these endings, as well as the variations among
|
|||||||
<I>amare, cominciare, mangiare, legare, cercare</I>.
|
<I>amare, cominciare, mangiare, legare, cercare</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regV : Str -> V ;
|
mkV : Str -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -325,7 +307,17 @@ The module <CODE>BeschIta</CODE> gives (almost) all the patterns of the <I>Besch
|
|||||||
book. To use them in the category <CODE>V</CODE>, wrap them with the function
|
book. To use them in the category <CODE>V</CODE>, wrap them with the function
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
verboV : Verbo -> V ;
|
mkV : Verbo -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
If <CODE>BeschIta</CODE> does not give the desired result or feels difficult
|
||||||
|
to consult, here is a worst-case function for <I>-ire</I> and <I>-ere</I> verbs,
|
||||||
|
taking 11 arguments.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -> V
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -338,26 +330,18 @@ Reflexive implies <I>essere</I>.
|
|||||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||||
If <CODE>BeschIta</CODE> does not give the desired result or feels difficult
|
|
||||||
to consult, here is a worst-case function for <I>-ire</I> and <I>-ere</I> verbs,
|
|
||||||
taking 11 arguments.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkV :
|
|
||||||
(udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||||
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -367,7 +351,7 @@ You can reuse a <CODE>V2</CODE> verb in <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
|||||||
v2V : V2 -> V ;
|
v2V : V2 -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||||
@@ -379,7 +363,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
|||||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- dare,_,_
|
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- dare,_,_
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||||
@@ -416,6 +400,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc italian/ParadigmsIta.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc italian/ParadigmsIta.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Norwegian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Norwegian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 10:10:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
|
|||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs.</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs.</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
@@ -129,37 +129,24 @@ Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
|
|||||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
|
|
||||||
last letter of the second form (if <I>n</I>, then <CODE>utrum</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>neutrum</CODE>).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> N ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The regular function takes the singular indefinite form
|
The regular function takes the singular indefinite form
|
||||||
and computes the other forms and the gender by a heuristic.
|
and computes the other forms and the gender by a heuristic.
|
||||||
The heuristic is that nouns ending <I>e</I> are feminine like <I>kvinne</I>,
|
The heuristic is that nouns ending <I>e</I> are feminine like <I>kvinne</I>,
|
||||||
all others are masculine like <I>bil</I>.
|
all others are masculine like <I>bil</I>.
|
||||||
If in doubt, use the <CODE>cc</CODE> command to test!
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Giving gender manually makes the heuristic more reliable.
|
Giving gender manually makes the heuristic more reliable.
|
||||||
</P>
|
One can also compute the gender from the definite form.
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
This function takes the singular indefinite and definite forms; the
|
|
||||||
gender is computed from the definite form.
|
gender is computed from the definite form.
|
||||||
|
If in doubt, use the <CODE>cc</CODE> command to test!
|
||||||
|
In the worst case, give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
|
||||||
|
last letter of the second form (if <I>n</I>, then <CODE>utrum</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>neutrum</CODE>).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk2N : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkN : Str -> N ;
|
||||||
|
mkN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
|
mkN : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
|
mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> N
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -209,48 +196,37 @@ and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
|||||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum
|
|
||||||
regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. <I>Bank</I>.
|
Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. <I>Bank</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
nounPN : N -> PN ;
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ; -- masculine
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
|
||||||
<P>
|
mkPN : N -> PN ;
|
||||||
To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular
|
} ;
|
||||||
genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms:
|
The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending
|
||||||
|
with <I>ig</I>. Two, five, or at worst five forms are sometimes needed.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkA : (fin : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
mkA : (fin,fint : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
mkA : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
For regular adjectives, the other forms are derived.
|
If comparison is formed by <I>mer</I>, <I>mest</I>, as in general for
|
||||||
|
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
mkA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
} ;
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
In most cases, two forms are enough.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mk2A : (stor,stort : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -262,44 +238,6 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
|||||||
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Comparison adjectives may need as many as five forms.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkADeg : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending
|
|
||||||
with <I>ig</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regADeg : Str -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Just the comparison forms can be irregular.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
irregADeg : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mk3ADeg : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
mk2ADeg : (bred,bredt : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
If comparison is formed by <I>mer</I>, <I>mest</I>, as in general for
|
|
||||||
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -320,25 +258,22 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The worst case needs six forms.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The 'regular verb' function is the first conjugation.
|
The 'regular verb' function is the first conjugation.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regV : (snakke : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (snakke : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The almost regular verb function needs the infinitive and the preteritum.
|
The almost regular verb function needs the infinitive and the preteritum.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk2V : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -346,10 +281,27 @@ There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregNor</CODE
|
|||||||
In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
|
In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
irregV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The worst case needs six forms.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||||
|
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The particle, such as in <I>lukke opp</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</H3>
|
<H3>Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
|
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
|
||||||
@@ -358,15 +310,6 @@ By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>v
|
|||||||
vaereV : V -> V ;
|
vaereV : V -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The particle, such as in <I>lukke opp</I>, is given as a string.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
|
<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -382,12 +325,14 @@ reflexive e.g. <I>forestille seg</I>.
|
|||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||||
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
(transitive verbs). Notice that, if a particle is needed, it comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -437,6 +382,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc norwegian/ParadigmsNor.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc norwegian/ParadigmsNor.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Russian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Russian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-09-07 16:12:56 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 10:39:50 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
|
|||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Adverbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Adverbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Verbs</A>
|
||||||
|
<UL>
|
||||||
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
|
</UL>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -105,6 +109,11 @@ To abstract over number names, we define the following.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
singular : Number ;
|
singular : Number ;
|
||||||
plural : Number ;
|
plural : Number ;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Animacy: Type ;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
animate: Animacy;
|
||||||
|
inanimate: Animacy;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -113,12 +122,22 @@ To abstract over number names, we define the following.
|
|||||||
Best case: indeclinabe nouns: <I>кофе</I>, <I>пальто</I>, <I>ВУЗ</I>.
|
Best case: indeclinabe nouns: <I>кофе</I>, <I>пальто</I>, <I>ВУЗ</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
Animacy: Type ;
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
animate: Animacy;
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
inanimate: Animacy;
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The regular function captures the variants for some popular nouns
|
||||||
mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
|
endings below:
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkN : Str -> N ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
This function is for indeclinable nouns.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkN : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -132,19 +151,15 @@ to the Nominative or the Genetive one) is actually of no help,
|
|||||||
since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.
|
since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : (nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg,
|
mkN : (nomSg,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,prepPl : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
|
||||||
nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl: Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
-- мужчина, мужчины, мужчине, мужчину, мужчиной, мужчине
|
|
||||||
-- мужчины, мужчин, мужчинам, мужчин, мужчинами, мужчинах
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The regular function captures the variants for some popular nouns
|
мужчина, мужчины, мужчине, мужчину, мужчиной, мужчине
|
||||||
endings below:
|
мужчины, мужчин, мужчинам, мужчин, мужчинами, мужчинах
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -206,17 +221,11 @@ Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common is with Genitive.
|
|||||||
Proper names.
|
Proper names.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ; -- "Иван", "Маша"
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
nounPN : N -> PN ;
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ; -- "Иван", "Маша"
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
mkPN : N -> PN ;
|
||||||
<P>
|
} ;
|
||||||
On the top level, it is maybe <CODE>CN</CODE> that is used rather than <CODE>N</CODE>, and
|
|
||||||
<CODE>NP</CODE> rather than <CODE>PN</CODE>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkCN : N -> CN ;
|
|
||||||
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> NP ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -230,20 +239,16 @@ Instructive | Prepositional)
|
|||||||
Instructive | Prepositional)
|
Instructive | Prepositional)
|
||||||
Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included
|
Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included
|
||||||
in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for
|
in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for
|
||||||
positive degree.
|
|
||||||
positive degree.
|
positive degree.
|
||||||
The regular function captures the variants for some popular adjective
|
The regular function captures the variants for some popular adjective
|
||||||
endings below. The first string agrument is the masculine singular form,
|
endings below. The first string agrument is the masculine singular form,
|
||||||
|
the second is comparative:
|
||||||
Invariable adjective is a special case, with only on string needed.
|
Invariable adjective is a special case, with only on string needed.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regA : Str -> Str -> A ;
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
mkA : Str -> A ; -- khaki, mini, hindi, netto
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
mkA : Str -> Str -> A ;
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Invariable adjective is a special case.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
} ;
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -274,10 +279,6 @@ only one superlative form (syntactic) we can produce the
|
|||||||
only one superlative form (syntactic) we can produce the
|
only one superlative form (syntactic) we can produce the
|
||||||
comparison adjective with only one extra argument -
|
comparison adjective with only one extra argument -
|
||||||
non-syntactic comparative form.
|
non-syntactic comparative form.
|
||||||
Syntactic forms are based on the positive forms.
|
|
||||||
mkADeg : A -> Str -> ADeg ;
|
|
||||||
On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
|
|
||||||
just to use a one-place adjective.
|
|
||||||
Syntactic forms are based on the positive forms.
|
Syntactic forms are based on the positive forms.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -322,20 +323,6 @@ Notice, that some forms are never used for some verbs.
|
|||||||
perfective: Aspect ;
|
perfective: Aspect ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood
|
|
||||||
(<I>я бегу</I>, <I>ты бежишь</I>, <I>он бежит</I>, <I>мы бежим</I>, <I>вы бежите</I>, <I>они бегут</I>),
|
|
||||||
a past form (singular, masculine: <I>я бежал</I>), an imperative form
|
|
||||||
(singular, second person: <I>беги</I>), an infinitive (<I>бежать</I>).
|
|
||||||
Inherent aspect should also be specified.
|
|
||||||
mkVerbum : Aspect -> (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3,
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkV : Aspect -> (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3,
|
|
||||||
presentPlP1,presentPlP2,presentPlP3,
|
|
||||||
pastSgMasculine,imperative,infinitive: Str) -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Common conjugation patterns are two conjugations:
|
Common conjugation patterns are two conjugations:
|
||||||
first - verbs ending with <I>-ать/-ять</I> and second - <I>-ить/-еть</I>.
|
first - verbs ending with <I>-ать/-ять</I> and second - <I>-ить/-еть</I>.
|
||||||
@@ -347,20 +334,45 @@ first person from with second person form:
|
|||||||
<I>я люб-лю</I>, <I>ты люб-ишь</I>. Stems shoud be the same.
|
<I>я люб-лю</I>, <I>ты люб-ишь</I>. Stems shoud be the same.
|
||||||
So the definition for verb <I>любить</I> looks like:
|
So the definition for verb <I>любить</I> looks like:
|
||||||
regV Imperfective Second <I>люб</I> <I>лю</I> <I>любил</I> <I>люби</I> <I>любить</I>;
|
regV Imperfective Second <I>люб</I> <I>лю</I> <I>любил</I> <I>люби</I> <I>любить</I>;
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
There is no one-argument case.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regV :Aspect -> Conjugation -> (stemPresentSgP1,endingPresentSgP1,
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
mkV : Aspect -> Conjugation -> (stemPrsSgP1,endPrsSgP1,pastSgP1,imp,inf : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : Aspect -> Conjugation -> (stemPrsSgP1,endPrsSgP1,pastSgP1,imp,inf : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood
|
||||||
|
(<I>я бегу</I>, <I>ты бежишь</I>, <I>он бежит</I>, <I>мы бежим</I>, <I>вы бежите</I>, <I>они бегут</I>),
|
||||||
|
a past form (singular, masculine: <I>я бежал</I>), an imperative form
|
||||||
|
(singular, second person: <I>беги</I>), an infinitive (<I>бежать</I>).
|
||||||
|
Inherent aspect should also be specified.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : Aspect -> (presSgP1,presSgP2,presSgP3,presPlP1,presPlP2,presPlP3,pastSgMasc,imp,inf: Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||||
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
|
Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
|
||||||
a particle can be included in a <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
a particle can be included in a <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Str -> Case -> V2 ; -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
mkV3 : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "сложить письмо в конверт"
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 ; -- "видеть", "любить"
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> Str -> Case -> V2 ; -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
|
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
tvDirDir : V -> V3 ;
|
||||||
mkV3 : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "сложить письмо в конверт"
|
mkV3 : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "сложить письмо в конверт"
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -368,6 +380,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
|||||||
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
||||||
hidden from the document.
|
hidden from the document.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc russian/ParadigmsRus.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc russian/ParadigmsRus.txt -->
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Spanish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Spanish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2007-03-19 18:25:03 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 09:19:56 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -24,14 +24,13 @@
|
|||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Two-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Three-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Other complement patterns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -124,12 +123,8 @@ amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
|
|||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
|
|
||||||
and the gender.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- bastón, bastones, masculine
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -142,15 +137,22 @@ those ending with <I>z</I> have <I>ces</I> in plural; all other nouns
|
|||||||
have <I>es</I> as plural ending. The accent is not dealt with.
|
have <I>es</I> as plural ending. The accent is not dealt with.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
mkN : (luz : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
|
A different gender can be forced.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mascN : N -> N ;
|
mkN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
femN : N -> N ;
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
The worst case has two forms (singular + plural) and the gender.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkN : (baston,bastones : Str) -> Gender -> N
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -202,47 +204,55 @@ and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
|||||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Proper names need a string and a gender.
|
Proper names need a string and a gender.
|
||||||
|
The default gender is feminine for names ending with <I>a</I>, otherwise masculine.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Juan
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
regPN : Str -> PN ; -- feminine for "-a", otherwise masculine
|
mkPN : (Anna : Str) -> PN ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
mkPN : (Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PN
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
} ;
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
To form a noun phrase that can also be plural,
|
|
||||||
you can use the worst-case function.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
|
For regular adjectives, all forms are derived from the
|
||||||
|
masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
|
||||||
|
<I>alto</I>, <I>fuerte</I>, <I>util</I>. Comparison is formed by <I>mas</I>.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : (util : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
One-place adjectives compared with <I>mas</I> need five forms in the worst
|
||||||
case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
|
case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkA : (solo,sola,solos,solas, solamiento : Str) -> A ;
|
mkA : (solo,sola,solos,solas,solamiento : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
For regular adjectives, all other forms are derived from the
|
In the worst case, two separate adjectives are given:
|
||||||
masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
|
the positive (<I>bueno</I>), and the comparative (<I>mejor</I>).
|
||||||
<I>alto</I>, <I>fuerte</I>, <I>util</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
mkA : (bueno : A) -> (mejor : A) -> A
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
|
The functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch
|
||||||
them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
|
them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
|
||||||
modification, as in <I>bueno vino</I>), the following function is
|
modification, as in <I>bueno vino</I>), the following function is
|
||||||
provided.
|
provided.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
prefA : A -> A ;
|
prefixA : A -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||||
@@ -255,32 +265,6 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Comparison adjectives</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
|
|
||||||
adjectives: the positive (<I>bueno</I>), and the comparative (<I>mejor</I>).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
If comparison is formed by <I>mas</I>, as usual in Spanish,
|
|
||||||
the following pattern is used:
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
compADeg : A -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
The regular pattern is the same as <CODE>regA</CODE> for plain adjectives,
|
|
||||||
with comparison by <I>mas</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regADeg : Str -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||||
@@ -304,8 +288,12 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
|||||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Regular verbs are ones inflected like <I>cortar</I>, <I>deber</I>, or <I>vivir</I>.
|
Regular verbs are ones inflected like <I>cortar</I>, <I>deber</I>, or <I>vivir</I>.
|
||||||
The regular verb function is the first conjugation (<I>ar</I>) recognizes
|
The regular verb function is the first conjugation (<I>ar</I>) recognizes
|
||||||
@@ -314,15 +302,25 @@ the variations corresponding to the patterns
|
|||||||
the complete set of <I>Bescherelle</I> conjugations.
|
the complete set of <I>Bescherelle</I> conjugations.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regV : Str -> V ;
|
mkV : (pagar : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The module <CODE>BeschSpa</CODE> gives all the patterns of the <I>Bescherelle</I>
|
Verbs with vowel alternatition in the stem - easiest to give with
|
||||||
|
two forms, e.g. <I>mostrar///</I>muestro//.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkV : (mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Most irreguler verbs are found in <CODE>IrregSpa</CODE>. If this is not enough,
|
||||||
|
the module <CODE>BeschSpa</CODE> gives all the patterns of the <I>Bescherelle</I>
|
||||||
book. To use them in the category <CODE>V</CODE>, wrap them with the function
|
book. To use them in the category <CODE>V</CODE>, wrap them with the function
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
verboV : Verbum -> V ;
|
mkV : Verbum -> V
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -340,24 +338,18 @@ in masculine singular form as second argument.
|
|||||||
special_ppV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
special_ppV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||||
Verbs with vowel alternatition in the stem - easiest to give with
|
|
||||||
two forms, e.g. <I>mostrar///</I>muestro//.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regAltV : (mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||||
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
(transitive verbs).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
@@ -367,7 +359,7 @@ You can reuse a <CODE>V2</CODE> verb in <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
|||||||
v2V : V2 -> V ;
|
v2V : V2 -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||||
@@ -379,7 +371,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
|||||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- dar,(dative),(accusative)
|
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- dar,(dative),(accusative)
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||||
@@ -416,6 +408,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc spanish/ParadigmsSpa.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc spanish/ParadigmsSpa.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Swedish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Swedish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2007-03-06 17:30:03 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2007-07-06 09:20:11 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -16,23 +16,21 @@
|
|||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Adjectives</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adverbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Verbs</A>
|
||||||
<UL>
|
<UL>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Deponent verbs.</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Deponent verbs.</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Two-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Three-place verbs</A>
|
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Other complement patterns</A>
|
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
</UL>
|
</UL>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -116,7 +114,7 @@ To abstract over case names, we define the following.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
|
Prepositions used in many-argument functions can be constructed from strings.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
|
mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
|
||||||
@@ -126,74 +124,66 @@ Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
|
|||||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
|
The following overloaded paradigm takes care of all noun formation.
|
||||||
last letter of the second form (if <I>n</I>, then <CODE>utrum</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>neutrum</CODE>).
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN : (apa,apan,apor,aporna : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The regular function takes the singular indefinite form and computes the other
|
The one-argument case takes the singular indefinite form and computes
|
||||||
forms and the gender by a heuristic. The heuristic is currently
|
the other forms and the gender by a simple heuristic. The heuristic is currently
|
||||||
to treat all words ending with <I>a</I> like <I>flicka</I>, with <I>e</I> like <I>rike</I>,
|
to treat all words ending with <I>a</I> like <I>apa-apor</I>, with <I>e</I> like <I>rike-riken</I>,
|
||||||
and otherwise like <I>bil</I>.
|
and otherwise like <I>bil-bilar</I>.
|
||||||
If in doubt, use the <CODE>cc</CODE> command to test!
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
mkN : (apa : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adding the gender manually greatly improves the correction of <CODE>regN</CODE>.
|
The case with a string and gender makes it possible to treat
|
||||||
|
<I>lik</I> (neutrum) and <I>pojke</I> (utrum).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
|
mkN : (lik : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
In practice the worst case is often just: give singular and plural indefinite.
|
Giving two forms - the singular and plural indefinite - is sufficient for
|
||||||
|
most nouns. The paradigm deals correctly with the vowel contractions in
|
||||||
|
<I>nyckel - nycklar</I> such as <I>pojke - pojkar</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk2N : (nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : (nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> N ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
This heuristic takes just the plural definite form and infers the others.
|
In the worst case, four forms are needed.
|
||||||
It does not work if there are changes in the stem.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk1N : (bilarna : Str) -> N ;
|
mkN : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns,
|
All the functions above work quite as well to form <B>compound nouns</B>,
|
||||||
such as <I>fotboll</I>.
|
such as <I>fotboll</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Relational nouns (<I>dotter till x</I>) need a preposition.
|
Relational nouns (<I>kung av x</I>) are nouns with a preposition.
|
||||||
|
As a special case, we provide regular nouns (formed with one-argument <CODE>mkN</CODE>)
|
||||||
|
with the preposition <I>av</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
|
mkN2 : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkN2 : Str -> N2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The most common preposition is <I>av</I>, and the following is a
|
|
||||||
shortcut for regular, <CODE>nonhuman</CODE> relational nouns with <I>av</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
regN2 : Str -> Gender -> N2 ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Use the function <CODE>mkPreposition</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
|
|
||||||
form other prepositions.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
|
||||||
Three-place relational nouns (<I>förbindelse från x till y</I>)
|
Three-place relational nouns (<I>förbindelse från x till y</I>)
|
||||||
need two prepositions.
|
need two prepositions.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
@@ -201,7 +191,7 @@ need two prepositions.
|
|||||||
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
|
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||||
@@ -209,71 +199,82 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>den f
|
|||||||
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
||||||
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed from strings and
|
||||||
|
have the default gender utrum.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
|
mkPN : overload {
|
||||||
regPN : Str -> PN ; -- utrum
|
mkPN : Str -> PN ;
|
||||||
|
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. <I>Bank</I>.
|
In the worst case, the genitive form is irregular.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
nounPN : N -> PN ;
|
mkPN : (jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||||
To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular
|
|
||||||
genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
|
||||||
mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adjectives may need as many as seven forms.
|
Adjectives need one to seven forms.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkA : (liten, litet, lilla, sma, mindre, minst, minsta : Str) -> A ;
|
mkA : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending
|
Most adjectives are formed simply by adding endings to a stem.
|
||||||
with <I>ig</I>.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
mkA : (billig : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Just the comparison forms can be irregular.
|
Some adjectives have a deviant neuter form. The following pattern
|
||||||
|
also recognizes the neuter formation <I>galen-galet</I> and forms the
|
||||||
|
proper plural and comparison forms <I>galna-galnare-galnast</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
irregA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ;
|
mkA : (bred,brett : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular.
|
Umlaut in comparison forms is
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk3A : (galen,galet,galna : Str) -> A ;
|
mkA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
mk2A : (bred,brett : Str) -> A ;
|
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Comparison forms may be compound (<I>mera svensk</I> - <I>mest svensk</I>).
|
A few adjectives need 5 forms.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : (god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Hardly any other adjective than <I>liten</I> needs the full 7 forms.
|
||||||
|
</P>
|
||||||
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
|
mkA : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
Comparison forms may be compound (<I>mera svensk</I> - <I>mest svensk</I>);
|
||||||
|
this behaviour can be forced on any adjective.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
compoundA : A -> A ;
|
compoundA : A -> A ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||||
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
|||||||
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||||
@@ -301,89 +302,97 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
|||||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The worst case needs five forms.
|
All verbs can be defined by the overloaded paradigm <CODE>mkV</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV : (supa,super,sup,söp,supit,supen : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : overload {
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The 'regular verb' function is inspired by Lexin. It uses the
|
The 'regular verb' (= one-place) case is inspired by Lexin. It uses the
|
||||||
present tense indicative form. The value is the first conjugation if the
|
present tense indicative form. The value is the first conjugation if the
|
||||||
argument ends with <I>ar</I> (<I>tala</I> - <I>talar</I> - <I>talade</I> - <I>talat</I>),
|
argument ends with <I>ar</I> (<I>tala</I> - <I>talar</I> - <I>talade</I> - <I>talat</I>),
|
||||||
the second with <I>er</I> (<I>leka</I> - <I>leker</I> - <I>lekte</I> - <I>lekt</I>, with the
|
the second with <I>er</I> (<I>leka</I> - <I>leker</I> - <I>lekte</I> - <I>lekt</I>, with the
|
||||||
variations like <I>gräva</I>, <I>vända</I>, <I>tyda</I>, <I>hyra</I>), and
|
variations like in <I>gräva</I>, <I>vända</I>, <I>tyda</I>, <I>hyra</I>), and
|
||||||
the third in other cases (<I>bo</I> - <I>bor</I> - <I>bodde</I> - <I>bott</I>).
|
the third in other cases (<I>bo</I> - <I>bor</I> - <I>bodde</I> - <I>bott</I>).
|
||||||
|
It is also possible to give the infinite form to it; they are treated
|
||||||
|
as if they were implicitly suffixed by <I>r</I>. Moreover, deponent verbs
|
||||||
|
are recognized from the final <I>s</I> (<I>hoppas</I>).
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
regV : (talar : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (stämmer : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The almost regular verb function needs the infinitive and the preteritum.
|
Most irregular verbs need just the conventional three forms.
|
||||||
It is not really more powerful than the new implementation of
|
|
||||||
<CODE>regV</CODE> based on the indicative form.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mk2V : (leka,lekte : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregSwe</CODE>.
|
In the worst case, six forms are given.
|
||||||
In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
|
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
irregV : (dricka, drack, druckit : Str) -> V ;
|
mkV : (gå,går,gå,gick,gått,gången : Str) -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
|
||||||
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
|
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
The particle, such as in <I>passa på</I>, is given as a string.
|
Particle verbs, such as <I>passa på</I>, are formed by adding a string to a verb.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
mkV : V -> Str -> V
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
|
<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
|
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
|
||||||
reflexive e.g. <I>ångra sig</I>.
|
reflexive e.g. <I>ångra sig</I>. Regular deponent verbs are also
|
||||||
|
handled by <CODE>mkV</CODE> and recognized from the ending <I>s</I>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
depV : V -> V ;
|
depV : V -> V ;
|
||||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
Two-place verbs need a preposition, which default to the 'empty preposition'
|
||||||
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
i.e. direct object. (transitive verbs). The simplest case is a regular
|
||||||
|
verb (as in <CODE>mkV</CODE>) with a direct object.
|
||||||
|
Notice that, if a particle is needed, it comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : overload {
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
|
||||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||||
|
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||||
the first one or both can be absent.
|
the first one or both can be absent. The simplest case is a regular
|
||||||
|
verb (as in <CODE>mkV</CODE>) with no prepositions.
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<PRE>
|
<PRE>
|
||||||
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- tala, med, om
|
mkV3 : overload {
|
||||||
dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- ge, (acc),till
|
mkV3 : Str -> V3 ;
|
||||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- ge, (dat), (acc)
|
mkV3 : V -> V3 ;
|
||||||
|
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ;
|
||||||
|
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3
|
||||||
|
} ;
|
||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||||
@@ -418,6 +427,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc swedish/ParadigmsSwe.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc swedish/ParadigmsSwe.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrase: Phrases and Utterances</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrase: Phrases and Utterances</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-12-15 17:11:19 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-12-13 09:36:48 CET</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -81,6 +81,6 @@ which may be overgenerating (e.g. <I>I</I>).
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Phrase.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Phrase.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
|||||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Last update: 2006-03-03 17:05:26 CET
|
Last update: 2005-11-23 09:16:18 CET
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Produced by
|
Produced by
|
||||||
@@ -175,6 +175,6 @@ make a string a into non/left/right -associative infix operator, of precedence p
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc ../prelude/Precedence.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc ../prelude/Precedence.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Predefined functions for concrete syntax</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Predefined functions for concrete syntax</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-09-05 15:15:35 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-09-01 16:37:08 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -62,6 +62,6 @@ This type of booleans is for internal use only.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc ../prelude/Predef.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc ../prelude/Predef.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
|
|||||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Last update: 2006-06-16 07:46:47 CEST
|
Last update: 2006-06-02 17:49:44 CEST
|
||||||
</P>
|
</P>
|
||||||
<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
Produced by
|
Produced by
|
||||||
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc ../prelude/PredefAbs.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc ../prelude/PredefAbs.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> A Small Predication Library</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> A Small Predication Library</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-03-03 17:06:11 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-02-28 09:26:58 CET</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -108,6 +108,6 @@ This is similar to a family except that the argument is a type.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc mathematical/Predication.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc mathematical/Predication.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The GF Prelude</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The GF Prelude</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-03-03 17:06:11 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-02-27 09:41:31 CET</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -217,6 +217,6 @@ Zero, one, two, or more (elements in a list etc)
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc ../prelude/Prelude.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc ../prelude/Prelude.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Question: Questions and Interrogative Pronouns</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Question: Questions and Interrogative Pronouns</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-26 13:24:17 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ More <CODE>IP</CODE>, <CODE>IDet</CODE>, and <CODE>IAdv</CODE> are defined in
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Question.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Question.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Relative clauses and pronouns</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Relative clauses and pronouns</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-07-02 00:15:01 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-26 13:24:17 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -56,6 +56,6 @@ or suffixing (depending on language) prepositional phrases.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Relative.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Relative.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Sentence: Sentences, Clauses, and Imperatives</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Sentence: Sentences, Clauses, and Imperatives</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2007-01-08 17:30:04 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-12-18 16:59:02 CET</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -119,6 +119,6 @@ An adverb can be added to the beginning of a sentence.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Sentence.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Sentence.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Structural: Structural Words</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Structural: Structural Words</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-12-01 13:43:01 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-11-27 16:41:30 CET</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -138,6 +138,6 @@ This is an alphabetical list of structural words
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Structural.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Structural.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Symbolic expressions</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Symbolic expressions</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-12-01 13:43:01 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-11-23 12:18:08 CET</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ This produces <I>x, y and z</I>, in English.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc mathematical/Symbol.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc mathematical/Symbol.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Symbolic: Noun Phrases with mathematical symbols</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Symbolic: Noun Phrases with mathematical symbols</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2007-01-08 17:30:04 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-12-22 14:08:31 CET</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -38,6 +38,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.4 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
|
||||||
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc api/Symbolic.txt -->
|
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc api/Symbolic.txt -->
|
||||||
</BODY></HTML>
|
</BODY></HTML>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
|||||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Text: Texts</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Text: Texts</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-16 07:46:47 CEST</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
@@ -38,6 +38,6 @@ Any punctuation mark can be attached to any kind of phrase.
|
|||||||
</PRE>
|
</PRE>
|
||||||
<P></P>
|
<P></P>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1>
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1>
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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||||||
<I>Last update: 2006-03-03 17:06:11 CET</I><BR>
|
<I>Last update: 2006-02-27 09:41:31 CET</I><BR>
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</FONT></CENTER>
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P></P>
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<P></P>
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@@ -118,6 +118,6 @@ work in all the languages we cover.
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</PRE>
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P></P>
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>GF Resource Grammar Library v. 1.2</H1>
|
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>GF Resource Grammar Library v. 1.2</H1>
|
||||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||||
<I>Author: Aarne Ranta <aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se></I><BR>
|
<I>Author: Aarne Ranta <aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se></I><BR>
|
||||||
Last update: Sun Jul 8 17:07:04 2007
|
Last update: Sun Jul 8 18:49:50 2007
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</FONT></CENTER>
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P>
|
<P>
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user