diff --git a/lib/resource/french/ClauseFre.gf b/lib/resource/french/ClauseFre.gf
index 333cfd3c1..765b5aa8d 100644
--- a/lib/resource/french/ClauseFre.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/french/ClauseFre.gf
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 --# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../../prelude
 
 concrete ClauseFre of Clause = CategoriesFre **
-  ClauseRomance with (SyntaxRomance=SyntaxFre) ;
+  ClauseI with (Rules=RulesFre), (Verbphrase=VerbphraseFre) ;
+----   ClauseRomance with (SyntaxRomance=SyntaxFre) ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/french/SyntaxFre.gf b/lib/resource/french/SyntaxFre.gf
index 24272ad3b..fa7754cb5 100644
--- a/lib/resource/french/SyntaxFre.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/french/SyntaxFre.gf
@@ -104,8 +104,10 @@ oper
 
   negVerb = \va -> elisNe ++ va ++ "pas" ;
 
+--  copula = \b,w -> let etre = (predVerb verbEtre).s in  etre ! b ! Masc ! w ;
   copula = verbEtre ;
 
+
   isClitCase = \c -> case c of { 
      Acc => True ;
      Dat => True ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/french/VerbphraseFre.gf b/lib/resource/french/VerbphraseFre.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93ddbdc25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/french/VerbphraseFre.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../../prelude
+concrete VerbphraseFre of Verbphrase = CategoriesFre **
+  VerbphraseRomance with (SyntaxScand=SyntaxFre) ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/romance/SyntaxRomance.gf b/lib/resource/romance/SyntaxRomance.gf
index 24b2f4813..62a4fa88e 100644
--- a/lib/resource/romance/SyntaxRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/romance/SyntaxRomance.gf
@@ -406,6 +406,10 @@ oper
     VPF _ f => nombreVerb f
     } ;
 
+  personVerbPhrase : VPForm -> Person = \v -> case v of {
+    VPF _ f => personVerb f
+    } ;
+
   isNotImperative : VPForm -> Bool = \v -> case v of {
     VPF _ (VImper _) => False ;
     _ => True
@@ -724,33 +728,32 @@ param
 oper
   Clause = {s : Bool => ClForm => Str} ;
 
-{-
-  predVerbPhrase : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Sentence = \jean,dort ->
-    {s = \\m => jean.s ! unstressed nominative ++ 
-                dort.s ! pgen2gen jean.g ! VPF Simul (VFin (VPres m) jean.n jean.p)
+  ----  VIForm = VIInfinit | VIImperat Bool Number ;
+  predVerbGroup : Bool -> {s : Str ; a : Anteriority} -> VerbGroup -> VerbPhrase = 
+    \b,ant,vg -> 
+    {s = \\vi,g,n,p => ant.s ++ vg.s ! b ! g ! VPF ant.a VInfin ---- imper
     } ;
 
-  predVerbGroup : Bool -> VerbGroup -> VerbPhrase = \b,vg -> {
-    s = vg.s ! b
-    } ;
-
-
-oper
   cl2vp : ClForm -> Number -> Person -> VPForm = \c,n,p -> case c of {
     ClPres   a m   => VPF a (VFin (VPres m) n p) ;
     ClImperf a m   => VPF a (VFin (VImperf m) n p) ;
     ClPasse  a     => VPF a (VFin VPasse n p) ;
     ClFut    a     => VPF a (VFin VFut n p) ;
-    ClCondit a     => VPF a (VFin VCondit n p)
+    ClCondit a     => VPF a (VFin VCondit n p) ;
     ClInfinit a    => VPF a VInfin
     } ;
 
-  predVerbGroupClause : NounPhrase -> VerbGroup -> Clause = \jean,dort ->
-    {s = \\b,c => 
-       jean.s ! unstressed nominative ++ 
-       dort.s ! b ! pgen2gen jean.g ! cl2vp c jean.n jean.p
+  vp2cl : VPForm -> ClForm = \vf -> case vf of {
+    VPF a (VFin (VPres m)   _ _) => ClPres   a m ;
+    VPF a (VFin (VImperf m) _ _) => ClImperf a m ;
+    VPF a (VFin (VPasse) _ _)    => ClPasse  a ;
+    VPF a (VFin (VFut) _ _)      => ClFut    a ;
+    VPF a (VFin (VCondit) _ _)   => ClCondit a ;
+    VPF a VInfin    => ClInfinit a ;
+    _    => ClInfinit Simul ---- imper
     } ;
--}
+
+
   Complemnt = Gender => Number => Person => {clit, part, compl : Str} ; ---- ment
 
   predVerbClause : NounPhrase -> Verb -> Complemnt -> Clause =  \np,verb,comp -> 
@@ -785,6 +788,28 @@ oper
         ClInfinit a      => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ avoirr)          (aimee ++ ici)>
         } ;
 
+-- These three function are just to restore the $VerbGroup$ ($VP$) based structure.
+
+  predVerbGroupClause : NounPhrase -> VerbGroup -> Clause = \np,vp ->
+    let
+      it = np.s ! unstressed nominative
+    in
+    {s = \\b,cf => it ++ vp.s  ! b ! pgen2gen np.g ! cl2vp cf np.n np.p} ;
+
+  predClauseGroup : Verb -> Complemnt -> VerbGroup =  \verb,comp -> 
+    let
+      nvg : PronGen -> Number -> Person -> (Bool => ClForm => (Str * Str)) =
+        \g,n,p -> 
+        predVerbClauseGen {s = \\_ => [] ; g=g ; n=n ; p=p ; c=Clit0} verb comp 
+                          -- clit type irrelevant in subject position
+    in
+    {s  = \\b,g,vf => 
+       (nvg (PGen g) (nombreVerbPhrase vf)  (personVerbPhrase vf) ! b ! (vp2cl vf)).p2
+    } ;
+
+  predClauseBeGroup : Complemnt -> VerbGroup = 
+    predClauseGroup copula ;
+
 
 --3 Sentence-complement verbs
 --
diff --git a/lib/resource/romance/TypesRomance.gf b/lib/resource/romance/TypesRomance.gf
index 5d0eeea9d..dfaa8d9cc 100644
--- a/lib/resource/romance/TypesRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/romance/TypesRomance.gf
@@ -178,6 +178,11 @@ oper
     _ => singular ---
     } ;
 
+  personVerb : VF -> Person = \v -> case v of {
+    VFin _ _ p => p ;
+    _ => P3 ---
+    } ;
+
   presInd = VPres Ind ;
 -- The imperative forms depend on number and person.
 
diff --git a/lib/resource/romance/VerbphraseRomance.gf b/lib/resource/romance/VerbphraseRomance.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c17a14e2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/romance/VerbphraseRomance.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+--1 The Top-Level Romance Resource Grammar: Verb Phrase Combination Rules
+--
+-- Aarne Ranta 2002 -- 2003
+--
+-- This is the English concrete syntax of the multilingual resource
+-- grammar. Most of the work is done in the file $syntax.Eng.gf$.
+-- However, for the purpose of documentation, we make here explicit the
+-- linearization types of each category, so that their structures and
+-- dependencies can be seen.
+-- Another substantial part are the linearization rules of some
+-- structural words.
+--
+-- The users of the resource grammar should not look at this file for the
+-- linearization rules, which are in fact hidden in the document version.
+-- They should use $resource.Abs.gf$ to access the syntactic rules.
+-- This file can be consulted in those, hopefully rare, occasions in which
+-- one has to know how the syntactic categories are
+-- implemented. The parameter types are defined in $TypesEng.gf$.
+
+incomplete concrete VerbphraseRomance of Verbphrase = CategoriesRomance ** 
+  open Prelude, SyntaxRomance in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+  lin
+  UseV v = predClauseGroup v (complVerb v) ;
+  UsePassV v = predClauseBeGroup (passVerb v) ;
+  ComplV2 v x = predClauseGroup v (complTransVerb v x) ;
+  ComplReflV2 v = predClauseGroup v (reflTransVerb v) ;
+  ComplVS v x = predClauseGroup v (complSentVerb v x) ;
+  ComplVV v x = predClauseGroup v (complVerbVerb v x) ;
+  ComplVQ v x = predClauseGroup v (complQuestVerb v x) ;
+  ComplVA v x = predClauseGroup v (complAdjVerb v x) ;
+  ComplV2A v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransAdjVerb v x y) ;
+  ComplSubjV2V v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransVerbVerb False v x y) ;
+  ComplObjV2V v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransVerbVerb True v x y) ;
+----  ComplV2S v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransSentVerb v x y) ;
+----  ComplV2Q v x y = predClauseGroup v (complDitransQuestVerb v x y) ;
+
+  PredAP v = predClauseBeGroup (complAdjective v) ;
+  PredSuperl a = predClauseBeGroup (complAdjective (superlAdjPhrase a)) ;
+  PredCN v = predClauseBeGroup (complCommNoun v) ;
+  PredNP v = predClauseBeGroup (complNounPhrase v) ;
+  PredPP v = predClauseBeGroup (complAdverb v) ;
+
+  PredAV v x = predClauseBeGroup (complVerbAdj v x) ;
+----  PredObjA2V v x y = predClauseBeGroup (complVerbAdj2 True v x y) ;
+
+----  PredProgVP = progressiveVerbPhrase ;
+
+----  SPredProgVP = progressiveClause ;
+
+-- Use VPs
+
+  PredVP = predVerbGroupClause ;
+
+----  RelVP = relVerbPhrase ;
+----  IntVP = intVerbPhrase ;
+
+  PosVP tp = predVerbGroup True tp ;
+  NegVP tp = predVerbGroup False tp ;
+
+----  AdvVP = adVerbPhrase ;
+----  SubjVP = subjunctVerbPhrase ;
+}
\ No newline at end of file