first compilable LangDut

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aarne
2009-11-06 17:58:07 +00:00
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lib/src/dutch/ResDut.gf Normal file
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--# -path=.:../abstract:../common
--1 Dutch auxiliary operations.
--
-- (c) 2009 Femke Johansson and Aarne Ranta
resource ResDut = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
flags optimize=all ;
--2 For $Noun$
param
Case = Nom | Gen ;
Gender = Utr | Neutr ;
NForm = NF Number Case ;
NPCase = NPNom | NPAcc ;
oper
Noun = {s : NForm => Str ; g : Gender} ;
mkNoun : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> Noun = \sg,pl,g -> {
s = table {
NF Sg _ => sg ;
NF Pl _ => pl
} ;
g = g
} ;
regNoun : Str -> Noun = \s -> case s of {
_ + ("a" | "o" | "y" | "u" | "oe" | "é") => mkNoun s (s + "'s") Utr ;
_ + ("oir" | "ion") => mkNoun s (s + "s") Neutr ;
? + ? + ? + _ + ("el" | "em" | "en" | "er" | "erd" | "aar" | "aard") => -- unstressed
mkNoun s (s + s) Utr ;
b + v@("aa"|"ee"|"oo"|"uu") + c@? => mkNoun s (b + shortVoc v c + "en") Utr ;
b + v@("a" |"e" |"o" |"u" ) + c@? => mkNoun s (b + v + c + c + "en") Utr ;
_ => mkNoun s (endCons s + "en") Utr
} ;
regNounG : Str -> Gender -> Noun = \s,g -> {
s = (regNoun s).s ;
g = g
} ;
shortVoc : Str -> Str -> Str = \v,s -> init v + endCons s ;
endCons : Str -> Str = \s -> case s of {
_ + "rs" => s ;
b + "s" => b + "z" ;
b + "f" => b + "v" ;
_ => s
} ;
param
AForm = APred | AAttr | AGen ;
oper
Adjective = {s : Degree => AForm => Str} ;
mkAdjective : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adjective = \ap,aa,ag,ac,as -> {
s = table {
Posit => table {APred => ap ; AAttr => aa ; AGen => ag} ;
Compar => table {APred => ac ; AAttr => ac + "e" ; AGen => ac + "es"} ; ----
Superl => table {APred => as ; AAttr => as + "e" ; AGen => as + "es"} ----
}
} ;
regAdjective : Str -> Adjective = \s -> ----
let
se : Str = case s of {
b + v@("aa"|"ee"|"oo"|"uu") + c@? => b + shortVoc v c + "e" ;
b + v@("a" |"e" |"o" |"u" ) + c@? => b + v + c + c + "en" ;
_ => endCons s + "e"
} ;
ser : Str = case s of {
_ + "r" => s + "der" ;
_ => se + "r"
} ;
sst : Str = case s of {
_ + "s" => s + "t" ;
_ => s + "st"
} ;
in
mkAdjective s se (s + "s") ser sst ;
param
VForm =
VInf -- zijn
| VPresSg1 -- ben
| VPresSg2 -- bent
| VPresSg3 -- is
| VPastSg -- was
| VPastPl -- waren
| VImp2 -- wees
| VImp3 -- weest
| VImpPl -- wezen
| VPerf -- geweest
;
VPart = VPart_aan | VPart_af | VPart_be ;
oper
Verb : Type = {s: VForm => Str};
mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) ->
Verb = \aai, aait, aaien, aaide, _, aaiden, geaaid -> {
s = table {
VInf | VImpPl => aaien; -- hij/zij/het/wij aaien
VPresSg1 | VImp2 => aai; -- ik aai
VPresSg2 | VPresSg3 | VImp3 => aait; -- jij aait
VPastSg => aaide; -- ik aaide
VPastPl => aaiden; -- hij/zij/het/wij aaiden
VPerf => geaaid -- ik heb geaaid
}
};
regVerb : Str -> Verb = \s -> smartVerb s (mkStem s) ;
irregVerb : (breken,brak,gebroken : Str) -> Verb = \breken,brak,gebroken ->
let brek = (regVerb breken).s
in
mkVerb (brek ! VPresSg1) (brek ! VPresSg3) (brek ! VInf) brak brak (brak + "en") gebroken ;
-- Pattern matching verbs
smartVerb : (_,_:Str) -> Verb = \verb,stem ->
let raw = Predef.tk 2 verb;
in
case raw of {
_+ ("k"|"f"|"s"|"c"|"h"|"p") => t_regVerb verb stem;
_+ "v" => v_regVerb verb;
_+ "z" => z_regVerb verb;
_+ ("t" | "tt") => t_end_regVerb verb;
_+ "d" => d_end_regVerb verb;
_ => d_regVerb verb stem
};
-- To make a stem out of a verb
-- If a stem ends in a 'v' then the 'v' changes into a 'f'
-- If a stem ends in a 'z' then the 'z' changes into an 's'
-- If a stem ends on a double consonant then one of them disappears
-- If a stem ends on a consonant but that consonant has exactly 1 vowel before it
-- then we have to double this vowel
mkStem : Str -> Str =\werken ->
let stem = Predef.tk 2 werken
in
case stem of {
-- Vowel doubling for verbs whose stem does not end on 'v' or 'z'
_+ ("b"|"c"|"d"|"f"|"g"|"h"|"j"|"k"|"l"|"m"|"n"|"p"|"q"|"r"|"s"|"t"|"v"|"w"|"x"|"y"|"z")
+ ("a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u")
+ ("b"|"c"|"d"|"f"|"g"|"h"|"j"|"k"|"l"|"m"|"n"|"p"|"q"|"r"|"s"|"t"|"w"|"x"|"y")
=> Predef.tk 2 stem + (Predef.tk 1 (Predef.dp 2 stem)) + Predef.dp 2 stem;
-- Vowel doubling for verbs whose stem end on 'v'
_+ ("b"|"c"|"d"|"f"|"g"|"h"|"j"|"k"|"l"|"m"|"n"|"p"|"q"|"r"|"s"|"t"|"v"|"w"|"x"|"y"|"z")
+ ("a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u")
+ "v" => Predef.tk 2 stem + (Predef.tk 1 (Predef.dp 2 stem)) +
(Predef.tk 1 (Predef.dp 2 stem)) +"f";
-- Vowel doubling for verbs whose stem end on 'z`'
_+ ("b"|"c"|"d"|"f"|"g"|"h"|"j"|"k"|"l"|"m"|"n"|"p"|"q"|"r"|"s"|"t"|"v"|"w"|"x"|"y"|"z")
+ ("a"|"e"|"i"|"o"|"u")
+ "z" => Predef.tk 2 stem + (Predef.tk 1 (Predef.dp 2 stem)) +
(Predef.tk 1 (Predef.dp 2 stem)) + "s";
_+ "v" => (Predef.tk 1 stem) + "f";
_+ "z" => (Predef.tk 1 stem) + "s";
_+ ("bb" | "dd" | "ff" | "gg" | "kk" | "ll" | "mm" | "nn" | "pp" |
"rr" | "ss" | "tt") => Predef.tk 1 stem;
_ => stem
};
-- To add a particle to a verb
-- addPartVerb : Str -> Verb -> Verb = \aanmoedigen ->
-- let verbpiece = Predef.drop 3 aanmoedigen;
-- part = Predef.take 3 aanmoedigen;
-- in
-- mkVerb (smartVerb verbpiece) part;
-- For regular verbs with past tense 'd'
d_regVerb : (_,_ :Str) -> Verb = \geeuwen,geeuw ->
let stem = mkStem geeuwen
in
mkVerb stem (stem + "t") geeuwen
(stem + "de") (stem + "de") (stem + "den")
("ge" + stem + "d");
-- For regular verbs with past tense 't'
t_regVerb : (_,_ :Str) -> Verb = \botsen,bots ->
let bots = mkStem botsen
in
mkVerb bots (bots + "t") botsen
(bots + "te") (bots + "te") (bots + "ten")
("ge" + bots + "t");
-- For verbs that dont need an extra 't' at the end
t_end_regVerb : Str -> Verb = \achten ->
let acht = mkStem achten
in
mkVerb acht (acht) achten
(acht + "te") (acht +"te") (acht+"ten") ("ge"+acht);
-- For verbs that dont need an extra 'd' at the end
d_end_regVerb : Str -> Verb = \aarden ->
let aard = mkStem aarden
in
mkVerb aard (aard+"t") aarden
(aard + "de") (aard +"de") (aard+"den") ("ge"+aard);
-- For verbs that need a vowel doubled in singular
add_vowel_regVerb : Str -> Verb = \absorberen ->
let stem = mkStem absorberen
in
case stem of {
_+ ("t"|"k"|"f"|"s"|"c"|"h"|"p") => t_regVerb absorberen stem;
_ => d_regVerb absorberen stem
};
-- For verbs that have their stem ending with a 'z'
z_regVerb : Str -> Verb = \omhelzen ->
let stem = mkStem omhelzen
in
d_regVerb omhelzen stem;
-- For verbs that have their stem ending with a 'v'
v_regVerb : Str -> Verb = \hoeven ->
let hoef = mkStem hoeven
in
mkVerb hoef (hoef +"t") hoeven (hoef+"de") (hoef+"de") (hoef+"den")
("ge"+hoef+"d");
zijn_V : VVerb = {
s = table {
VInf => "zijn" ;
VPresSg1 => "ben" ;
VPresSg2 => "bent" ;
VPresSg3 => "is" ;
VPastSg => "was" ;
VPastPl => "waren" ;
VImp2 => "wees" ;
VImp3 => "weest" ;
VImpPl => "wezen" ;
VPerf => "geweest"
} ;
aux = VZijn
} ;
hebben_V : VVerb = {
s = table {
VInf => "hebben" ;
VPresSg1 => "heb" ;
VPresSg2 => "hebt" ;
VPresSg3 => "heeft" ;
VPastSg => "had" ;
VPastPl => "hadden" ;
VImp2 => "heb" ;
VImp3 => "heeft" ;
VImpPl => "hebben" ;
VPerf => "gehad"
} ;
aux = VHebben
} ;
zullen_V : VVerb = {
s = table {
VInf => "zullen" ;
VPresSg1 => "zal" ;
VPresSg2 => "zult" ;
VPresSg3 => "zal" ;
VPastSg => "zou" ;
VPastPl => "zouden" ;
VImp2 => "zoud" ; ---- not used
VImp3 => "zoudt" ;
VImpPl => "zouden" ; ----
VPerf => "gezoudt"
} ;
aux = VHebben
} ;
Pronoun : Type = {
unstressed,stressed : {nom, acc, poss : Str} ;
substposs : Str ;
a : Agr
} ;
mkPronoun : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6,x7 : Str) -> Gender -> Number -> Person -> Pronoun =
\ik,me,mn,Ik,mij,mijn,mijne,g,n,p -> {
unstressed = {nom = ik ; acc = me ; poss = mn} ;
stressed = {nom = Ik ; acc = mij ; poss = mijn} ;
substposs = mijne ;
a = {g = g ; n = n ; p = p}
} ;
het_Pron : Pronoun = mkPronoun "'t" "'t" "ze" "hij" "hem" "zijn" "zijne" Neutr Sg P3 ;
-- Complex $CN$s, like adjectives, have strong and weak forms.
--
-- Adjf = Strong | Weak ;
--
---- Gender distinctions are only made in the singular.
--
-- GenNum = GSg Gender | GPl ;
--
---- Agreement of $NP$ is a record.
--
oper Agr = {g : Gender ; n : Number ; p : Person} ;
--
---- Pronouns are the worst-case noun phrases, which have both case
---- and possessive forms.
--
-- param NPForm = NPCase Case | NPPoss GenNum Case ;
--
---- Predeterminers sometimes require a case ("ausser mir"), sometimes not ("nur ich").
--
-- param PredetCase = NoCase | PredCase Case ;
--
----2 For $Adjective$
--
---- The predicative form of adjectives is not inflected further.
--
-- param AForm = APred | AMod GenNum Case ;
--
--
----2 For $Verb$
--
-- param VForm =
-- VInf Bool -- True = with the particle "zu"
-- | VFin Bool VFormFin -- True = prefix glued to verb
-- | VImper Number -- prefix never glued
-- | VPresPart AForm -- prefix always glued
-- | VPastPart AForm ;
--
-- param VFormFin =
-- VPresInd Number Person
-- | VPresSubj Number Person
-- | VImpfInd Number Person --# notpresent
-- | VImpfSubj Number Person --# notpresent
-- ;
--
-- param VPForm =
-- VPFinite Mood Tense Anteriority
-- | VPImperat Bool
-- | VPInfinit Anteriority ;
oper VVerb = Verb ** {aux : VAux} ;
param VAux = VHebben | VZijn ;
-- param VType = VAct | VRefl Case ;
--
---- The order of sentence is depends on whether it is used as a main
---- clause, inverted, or subordinate.
oper
Preposition = Str ;
appPrep : Preposition -> (NPCase => Str) -> Str = \p,np -> p ++ np ! NPAcc ; ----
param
Order = Main | Inv | Sub ;
oper
vForm : Tense -> Number -> Person -> Order -> VForm = \t,n,p,o -> case <t,n,p> of {
<Pres|Fut,Sg,P2> => case o of {
Inv => VPresSg1 ;
_ => VPresSg2
} ;
<Pres|Fut,Sg,P1> => VPresSg1 ;
<Pres|Fut,Sg,P3> => VPresSg3 ;
<Pres|Fut,Pl,_ > => VInf ;
<Past|Cond,Sg,_> => VPastSg ; -- Fut and Cond affect zullen
<Past|Cond,Pl,_> => VPastPl
} ;
--
---- Main clause mood: "es sei, es wäre, es werde sein".
---- Not relevant for $Fut$. ---
--
-- Mood = MIndic | MConjunct ;
--
----2 For $Relative$
--
-- RAgr = RNoAg | RAg {n : Number ; p : Person} ;
--
----2 For $Numeral$
--
-- CardOrd = NCard Gender Case | NOrd AForm ;
-- DForm = DUnit | DTeen | DTen ;
--
----2 Transformations between parameter types
--
oper
agrP3 : Number -> Agr = agrgP3 Neutr ;
agrgP3 : Gender -> Number -> Agr = \g,n ->
{g = g ; n = n ; p = P3} ;
-- gennum : Gender -> Number -> GenNum = \g,n ->
-- case n of {
-- Sg => GSg g ;
-- Pl => GPl
-- } ;
--
---- Needed in $RelativeDut$.
--
-- numGenNum : GenNum -> Number = \gn ->
-- case gn of {
-- GSg _ => Sg ;
-- GPl => Pl
-- } ;
--
---- Used in $NounDut$.
--
-- agrAdj : Gender -> Adjf -> Number -> Case -> AForm = \g,a,n,c ->
-- let
-- gn = gennum g n ;
-- e = AMod (GSg Fem) Nom ;
-- en = AMod (GSg Masc) Acc ;
-- in
-- case a of {
-- Strong => AMod gn c ;
-- _ => case <gn,c> of {
-- <GSg _, Nom> => e ;
-- <GSg Masc,Acc> => en ;
-- <GSg _, Acc> => e ;
-- _ => en
-- }
-- } ;
--
---- To add a prefix (like "ein") to an already existing verb.
--
-- prefixV : Str -> Verb -> Verb = \ein,verb ->
-- let
-- vs = verb.s ;
-- geben = vs ! VInf False ;
-- einb : Bool -> Str -> Str = \b,geb ->
-- if_then_Str b (ein + geb) geb ;
-- in
-- {s = table {
-- VInf False => ein + geben ;
-- VInf True =>
-- if_then_Str (isNil ein) ("zu" ++ geben) (ein + "zu" + geben) ;
-- VFin b vf => einb b (vs ! VFin b vf) ;
-- VImper n => vs ! VImper n ;
-- VPresPart a => ein + (regA (geben + "d")).s ! Posit ! a ;
-- VPastPart a => ein + vs ! VPastPart a
-- } ;
-- prefix = ein ;
-- aux = verb.aux ;
-- vtype = verb.vtype
-- } ;
--
--
--
---- Pronouns and articles
---- Here we define personal and relative pronouns.
---- All personal pronouns, except "ihr", conform to the simple
---- pattern $mkPronPers$.
--
-- mkPronPers : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> Gender -> Number -> Person ->
-- {s : NPForm => Str ; a : Agr} =
-- \ich,mich,mir,meiner,mein,g,n,p -> {
-- s = table {
-- NPCase c => caselist ich mich mir meiner ! c ;
-- NPPoss gn c => mein + pronEnding ! gn ! c
-- } ;
-- a = {g = g ; n = n ; p = p}
-- } ;
--
-- pronEnding : GenNum => Case => Str = table {
-- GSg Masc => caselist "" "en" "em" "es" ;
-- GSg Fem => caselist "e" "e" "er" "er" ;
-- GSg Neut => caselist "" "" "em" "es" ;
-- GPl => caselist "e" "e" "en" "er"
-- } ;
--
-- artDef : GenNum => Case => Str = table {
-- GSg Masc => caselist "der" "den" "dem" "des" ;
-- GSg Fem => caselist "die" "die" "der" "der" ;
-- GSg Neut => caselist "das" "das" "dem" "des" ;
-- GPl => caselist "die" "die" "den" "der"
-- } ;
--
---- This is used when forming determiners that are like adjectives.
--
-- appAdj : Adjective -> Number => Gender => Case => Str = \adj ->
-- let
-- ad : GenNum -> Case -> Str = \gn,c ->
-- adj.s ! Posit ! AMod gn c
-- in
-- \\n,g,c => case n of {
-- Sg => ad (GSg g) c ;
-- _ => ad GPl c
-- } ;
--
---- This auxiliary gives the forms in each degree of adjectives.
--
-- adjForms : (x1,x2 : Str) -> AForm => Str = \teuer,teur ->
-- table {
-- APred => teuer ;
-- AMod (GSg Masc) c =>
-- caselist (teur+"er") (teur+"en") (teur+"em") (teur+"es") ! c ;
-- AMod (GSg Fem) c =>
-- caselist (teur+"e") (teur+"e") (teur+"er") (teur+"er") ! c ;
-- AMod (GSg Neut) c =>
-- caselist (teur+"es") (teur+"es") (teur+"em") (teur+"es") ! c ;
-- AMod GPl c =>
-- caselist (teur+"e") (teur+"e") (teur+"en") (teur+"er") ! c
-- } ;
--
---- For $Verb$.
--
-- VPC : Type = {
-- s : Bool => Agr => VPForm => { -- True = prefix glued to verb
-- fin : Str ; -- hat
-- inf : Str -- wollen
-- }
-- } ;
--
oper VP : Type = {
s : VVerb ;
a1 : Polarity => Str ; -- niet
n2 : Agr => Str ; -- dich
a2 : Str ; -- heute
isAux : Bool ; -- is a double infinitive
inf : Str ; -- sagen
ext : Str -- dass sie kommt
} ;
predV : VVerb -> VP = predVGen False ;
predVGen : Bool -> VVerb -> VP = \isAux, verb -> {
s = verb ;
a1 : Polarity => Str = negation ;
n2 : Agr => Str = \\_ => [] ;
-- case verb.vtype of {
-- VAct => \\_ => [] ;
-- VRefl c => \\a => reflPron ! a ! c
-- } ;
a2 : Str = [] ;
isAux = isAux ; ----
inf,ext : Str = []
} ;
negation : Polarity => Str = table {
Pos => [] ;
Neg => "niet"
} ;
-- Extending a verb phrase with new constituents.
insertObj : (Agr => Str) -> VP -> VP = \obj,vp -> {
s = vp.s ;
a1 = vp.a1 ;
n2 = \\a => obj ! a ++ vp.n2 ! a ;
a2 = vp.a2 ;
isAux = vp.isAux ;
inf = vp.inf ;
ext = vp.ext
} ;
-- insertAdV : Str -> VP -> VP = \adv,vp -> {
-- s = vp.s ;
-- a1 = \\a => adv ++ vp.a1 ! a ; -- immer nicht
-- n2 = vp.n2 ;
-- a2 = vp.a2 ;
-- isAux = vp.isAux ;
-- inf = vp.inf ;
-- ext = vp.ext
-- } ;
insertAdv : Str -> VP -> VP = \adv,vp -> {
s = vp.s ;
a1 = vp.a1 ;
n2 = vp.n2 ;
a2 = vp.a2 ++ adv ;
isAux = vp.isAux ;
inf = vp.inf ;
ext = vp.ext
} ;
-- insertExtrapos : Str -> VP -> VP = \ext,vp -> {
-- s = vp.s ;
-- a1 = vp.a1 ;
-- n2 = vp.n2 ;
-- a2 = vp.a2 ;
-- isAux = vp.isAux ;
-- inf = vp.inf ;
-- ext = vp.ext ++ ext
-- } ;
--
-- insertInf : Str -> VP -> VP = \inf,vp -> {
-- s = vp.s ;
-- a1 = vp.a1 ;
-- n2 = vp.n2 ;
-- a2 = vp.a2 ;
-- isAux = vp.isAux ; ----
-- inf = inf ++ vp.inf ;
-- ext = vp.ext
-- } ;
--
-- For $Sentence$.
Clause : Type = {
s : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str
} ;
mkClause : Str -> Agr -> VP -> Clause = \subj,agr,vp -> {
s = \\t,a,b,o =>
let
ord = case o of {
Sub => True ; -- glue prefix to verb
_ => False
} ;
vform = vForm t agr.n agr.p o ;
auxv = (auxVerb vp.s.aux).s ;
vperf = vp.s.s ! VPerf ;
verb : Str * Str = case <t,a> of {
<Fut|Cond,Simul> => <zullen_V.s ! vform, vperf ++ auxv ! VInf> ;
<Fut|Cond,Anter> => <zullen_V.s ! vform, vperf ++ auxv ! VInf> ;
<_, Anter> => <auxv ! vform, vperf> ;
<_, Simul> => <vp.s.s ! vform, []>
} ;
fin = verb.p1 ;
neg = vp.a1 ! b ;
obj = vp.n2 ! agr ;
compl = obj ++ neg ++ vp.a2 ;
inf = vp.inf ++ verb.p2 ;
extra = vp.ext ;
inffin =
case <a,vp.isAux> of { --# notpresent
<Anter,True> => fin ++ inf ; -- double inf --# notpresent
_ => --# notpresent
inf ++ fin --- or just auxiliary vp
} --# notpresent
in
case o of {
Main => subj ++ fin ++ compl ++ inf ++ extra ;
Inv => fin ++ subj ++ compl ++ inf ++ extra ;
Sub => subj ++ compl ++ inffin ++ extra
}
} ;
auxVerb : VAux -> VVerb = \a -> case a of {
VHebben => hebben_V ;
VZijn => zijn_V
} ;
-- infVP : Bool -> VP -> ((Agr => Str) * Str * Str) = \isAux, vp -> let vps = useVP vp in
-- <
-- \\agr => vp.n2 ! agr ++ vp.a2,
-- vp.a1 ! Pos ++ (vps.s ! (notB isAux) ! agrP3 Sg ! VPInfinit Simul).inf,
-- vp.inf ++ vp.ext
-- > ;
--
-- useInfVP : Bool -> VP -> Str = \isAux,vp ->
-- let vpi = infVP isAux vp in
-- vpi.p1 ! agrP3 Sg ++ vpi.p3 ++ vpi.p2 ;
--
---- The nominative case is not used as reflexive, but defined here
---- so that we can reuse this in personal pronouns.
---- The missing Sg "ihrer" shows that a dependence on gender would
---- be needed.
--
-- reflPron : Agr => Case => Str = table {
-- {n = Sg ; p = P1} => caselist "ich" "mich" "mir" "meiner" ;
-- {n = Sg ; p = P2} => caselist "du" "dich" "dir" "deiner" ;
-- {g = Masc ; n = Sg ; p = P3} => caselist "er" "sich" "sich" "seiner" ;
-- {g = Fem ; n = Sg ; p = P3} => caselist "sie" "sich" "sich" "ihrer" ;
-- {g = Neutr ; n = Sg ; p = P3} => caselist "es" "sich" "sich" "seiner" ;
-- {n = Pl ; p = P1} => caselist "wir" "uns" "uns" "unser" ;
-- {n = Pl ; p = P2} => caselist "ihr" "euch" "euch" "euer" ;
-- {n = Pl ; p = P3} => caselist "sie" "sich" "sich" "ihrer"
-- } ;
--
-- conjThat : Str = "daß" ;
--
-- conjThan : Str = "als" ;
--
---- The infinitive particle "zu" is used if and only if $vv.isAux = False$.
--
-- infPart : Bool -> Str = \b -> if_then_Str b [] "zu" ;
--
--}
}