diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Conjunction.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Conjunction.gf
index c1e580b13..cb817559b 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Conjunction.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Conjunction.gf
@@ -2,34 +2,22 @@ abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
 
   fun
 
-    ConjS    : Conj -> SeqS -> S ;        -- "John walks and Mary runs"
-    ConjAP   : Conj -> SeqAP -> AP ;      -- "even and prime"
-    ConjNP   : Conj -> SeqNP -> NP ;      -- "John or Mary"
-    ConjAdv  : Conj -> SeqAdv -> Adv ;    -- "quickly or slowly"
+    ConjS    : Conj -> [S] -> S ;         -- "John walks and Mary runs"
+    ConjAP   : Conj -> [AP] -> AP ;       -- "even and prime"
+    ConjNP   : Conj -> [NP] -> NP ;       -- "John or Mary"
+    ConjAdv  : Conj -> [Adv] -> Adv ;     -- "quickly or slowly"
 
-    DConjS   : DConj -> SeqS -> S ;       -- "either John walks or Mary runs"
-    DConjAP  : DConj -> SeqAP -> AP ;     -- "both even and prime"
-    DConjNP  : DConj -> SeqNP -> NP ;     -- "either John or Mary"
-    DConjAdv : DConj -> SeqAdv -> Adv ;   -- "both badly and slowly"
+    DConjS   : DConj -> [S] -> S ;        -- "either John walks or Mary runs"
+    DConjAP  : DConj -> [AP] -> AP ;      -- "both even and prime"
+    DConjNP  : DConj -> [NP] -> NP ;      -- "either John or Mary"
+    DConjAdv : DConj -> [Adv] -> Adv ;    -- "both badly and slowly"
 
-
--- these are rather uninteresting
-
-    TwoS : S -> S -> SeqS ;
-    AddS : SeqS -> S -> SeqS ;
-    TwoAdv : Adv -> Adv -> SeqAdv ;
-    AddAdv : SeqAdv -> Adv -> SeqAdv ;
-    TwoNP : NP -> NP -> SeqNP ;
-    AddNP : SeqNP -> NP -> SeqNP ;
-    TwoAP : AP -> AP -> SeqAP ;
-    AddAP : SeqAP -> AP -> SeqAP ;
-
--- we use right-associative lists instead of GF's built-in lists
+-- These categories are internal to this module.
 
   cat
-    SeqS ; 
-    SeqAdv ; 
-    SeqNP ; 
-    SeqAP ;
+    [S]{2} ; 
+    [Adv]{2} ; 
+    [NP]{2} ; 
+    [AP]{2} ;
 
 }
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/ListConjunction.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/ListConjunction.gf
deleted file mode 100644
index cb817559b..000000000
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/ListConjunction.gf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
-
-  fun
-
-    ConjS    : Conj -> [S] -> S ;         -- "John walks and Mary runs"
-    ConjAP   : Conj -> [AP] -> AP ;       -- "even and prime"
-    ConjNP   : Conj -> [NP] -> NP ;       -- "John or Mary"
-    ConjAdv  : Conj -> [Adv] -> Adv ;     -- "quickly or slowly"
-
-    DConjS   : DConj -> [S] -> S ;        -- "either John walks or Mary runs"
-    DConjAP  : DConj -> [AP] -> AP ;      -- "both even and prime"
-    DConjNP  : DConj -> [NP] -> NP ;      -- "either John or Mary"
-    DConjAdv : DConj -> [Adv] -> Adv ;    -- "both badly and slowly"
-
--- These categories are internal to this module.
-
-  cat
-    [S]{2} ; 
-    [Adv]{2} ; 
-    [NP]{2} ; 
-    [AP]{2} ;
-
-}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/SeqConjunction.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/SeqConjunction.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57b47bbbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/SeqConjunction.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+abstract SeqConjunction = Cat ** {
+
+-- This module is for backward compatibility with API 0.9.
+-- To be used instead of Conjunction.
+
+  fun
+
+    ConjS    : Conj -> SeqS -> S ;        -- "John walks and Mary runs"
+    ConjAP   : Conj -> SeqAP -> AP ;      -- "even and prime"
+    ConjNP   : Conj -> SeqNP -> NP ;      -- "John or Mary"
+    ConjAdv  : Conj -> SeqAdv -> Adv ;    -- "quickly or slowly"
+
+    DConjS   : DConj -> SeqS -> S ;       -- "either John walks or Mary runs"
+    DConjAP  : DConj -> SeqAP -> AP ;     -- "both even and prime"
+    DConjNP  : DConj -> SeqNP -> NP ;     -- "either John or Mary"
+    DConjAdv : DConj -> SeqAdv -> Adv ;   -- "both badly and slowly"
+
+
+-- these are rather uninteresting
+
+    TwoS : S -> S -> SeqS ;
+    AddS : SeqS -> S -> SeqS ;
+    TwoAdv : Adv -> Adv -> SeqAdv ;
+    AddAdv : SeqAdv -> Adv -> SeqAdv ;
+    TwoNP : NP -> NP -> SeqNP ;
+    AddNP : SeqNP -> NP -> SeqNP ;
+    TwoAP : AP -> AP -> SeqAP ;
+    AddAP : SeqAP -> AP -> SeqAP ;
+
+-- we use right-associative lists instead of GF's built-in lists
+
+  cat
+    SeqS ; 
+    SeqAdv ; 
+    SeqNP ; 
+    SeqAP ;
+
+}
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/AdverbEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/AdverbEng.gf
index ebcb3e810..5f6d01940 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/AdverbEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/AdverbEng.gf
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ concrete AdverbEng of Adverb = CatEng ** open ResEng, Prelude in {
     AdAdv = cc2 ;
 
     SubjS = cc2 ;
-    AdvSC s = s ;
+    AdvSC s = s ; --- this rule give stack overflow in ordinary parsing
 
     AdnCAdv cadv = {s = cadv.s ++ "than"} ;
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ConjunctionEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ConjunctionEng.gf
index 1aaf12f2e..f34c42f16 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ConjunctionEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ConjunctionEng.gf
@@ -23,19 +23,21 @@ concrete ConjunctionEng of Conjunction =
       isPre = ss.isPre
       } ;
 
-    TwoS = twoSS ;
-    AddS = consSS comma ;
-    TwoAdv = twoSS ;
-    AddAdv = consSS comma ;
-    TwoNP x y = twoTable Case x y ** {a = conjAgr x.a y.a} ;
-    AddNP xs x = consTable Case comma xs x ** {a = conjAgr xs.a x.a} ;
-    TwoAP x y = twoTable Agr x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre} ;
-    AddAP xs x = consTable Agr comma xs x ** {isPre = andB xs.isPre x.isPre} ;
+-- These fun's are generated from the list cat's.
+
+    BaseS = twoSS ;
+    ConsS = consrSS comma ;
+    BaseAdv = twoSS ;
+    ConsAdv = consrSS comma ;
+    BaseNP x y = twoTable Case x y ** {a = conjAgr x.a y.a} ;
+    ConsNP xs x = consrTable Case comma xs x ** {a = conjAgr xs.a x.a} ;
+    BaseAP x y = twoTable Agr x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre} ;
+    ConsAP xs x = consrTable Agr comma xs x ** {isPre = andB xs.isPre x.isPre} ;
 
   lincat
-    SeqS = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
-    SeqAdv = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
-    SeqNP = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ;
-    SeqAP = {s1,s2 : Agr => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
+    [S] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    [NP] = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ;
+    [AP] = {s1,s2 : Agr => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
 
 }
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/MorphoEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/MorphoEng.gf
index 61a9f8128..eb3c51222 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/MorphoEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/MorphoEng.gf
@@ -37,12 +37,6 @@ oper
 oper
   CommonNoun : Type = {s : Number => Case => Str} ;
 
-  mkNoun  : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = 
-    \man,men, mans, mens -> {s = table {
-       Sg => table {Gen => mans ; _ => man} ;
-       Pl => table {Gen => mens ; _ => men}
-      }} ;
-
   nounGen : Str -> CommonNoun = \dog -> case last dog of {
     "y" => nounY "dog" ;
     "s" => nounS (init "dog") ;
@@ -107,15 +101,6 @@ oper
 
   Adjective = {s : AForm => Str} ;
 
-  mkAdjective : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adjective = \free,freer,freest,freely -> {
-    s = table {
-      AAdj Posit  => free ;
-      AAdj Compar => freer ;
-      AAdj Superl => freest ;
-      AAdv        => freely
-      }
-    } ;
-  
 -- However, most adjectives can be inflected using the final character.
 -- N.B. this is not correct for "shy", but $mkAdjective$ has to be used.
 
@@ -149,23 +134,13 @@ oper
 --
 -- The worst case needs five forms. (The verb "be" is treated separately.)
 
-  mkVerbWorst : (_,_,_,_,_: Str) -> Verb = \go,goes,went,gone,going -> 
-    {s = table {
-       VInf  => go ; 
-       VPres => goes ; 
-       VPast => went ;
-       VPPart => gone ;
-       VPresPart => going
-       }
-    } ;
-
   mkVerb4 : (_,_,_,_: Str) -> Verb = \go,goes,went,gone -> 
     let going = case last go of {
       "e" => init go + "ing" ;
       _ => go + "ing"
       }
     in
-    mkVerbWorst go goes went gone going ;
+    mkVerb go goes went gone going ;
 
 -- This is what we use to derive the irregular forms in almost all cases
 
@@ -193,9 +168,6 @@ oper
     in 
     mkVerb4 soak soaks soaked soaked ;
 
-  mkVerb : (_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \ring,rang,rung ->
-    mkVerb4 ring (ring + "s") rang rung ;
-
   verbGen : Str -> Verb = \kill -> case last kill of {
     "y" => verbP3y (init kill) ;
     "e" => verbP3e (init kill) ;
@@ -206,7 +178,7 @@ oper
 -- These are just auxiliary to $verbGen$.
 
   regVerbP3 : Str -> Verb = \walk -> 
-    mkVerb walk (walk + "ed") (walk + "ed") ;
+    mkVerbIrreg walk (walk + "ed") (walk + "ed") ;
   verbP3s   : Str -> Verb = \kiss -> 
     mkVerb4 kiss (kiss + "es") (kiss + "ed") (kiss + "ed") ;
   verbP3e   : Str -> Verb = \love -> 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/NounEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/NounEng.gf
index 08914ed7c..e8b4fcf78 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/NounEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/NounEng.gf
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@ concrete NounEng of Noun = CatEng ** open ResEng, Prelude in {
   flags optimize=all_subs ;
 
   lin
-    DetCN det cn = {s = \\c => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ! c} ** agrP3 det.n ;
-    UsePN pn = pn ** agrP3 Sg ;
+    DetCN det cn = {
+      s = \\c => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ! c ; 
+      a = agrP3 det.n
+      } ;
+    UsePN pn = pn ** {a = agrP3 Sg} ;
     UsePron p = p ;
 
     MkDet pred quant num ord = {
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ concrete NounEng of Noun = CatEng ** open ResEng, Prelude in {
     ComplN3 f x = {s = \\n,c => f.s ! n ! Nom ++ f.c2 ++ x.s ! c ; c2 = f.c3} ;
 
     AdjCN ap cn = {
-      s = \\n,c => preOrPost ap.isPre (ap.s ! (agrP3 n).a) (cn.s ! n ! c)
+      s = \\n,c => preOrPost ap.isPre (ap.s ! agrP3 n) (cn.s ! n ! c)
       } ;
     RelCN cn rs = {s = \\n,c => cn.s ! n ! c ++ rs.s ! {n = n ; p = P3}} ;
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ParadigmsEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ParadigmsEng.gf
index c2e95d097..21854206c 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ParadigmsEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ParadigmsEng.gf
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ oper
 
   regPN n g = nameReg n g ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
   nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ;
-  mkNP x y n g = {s = table {Gen => x ; _ => y} ; a = (agrP3 n).a ;
+  mkNP x y n g = {s = table {Gen => x ; _ => y} ; a = agrP3 n ;
   lock_NP = <>} ;
 
   mkA a b = mkAdjective a a a b ** {lock_A = <>} ;
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ oper
   mkPreposition p = p ;
   mkPrep p = ss p ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
 
-  mkV a b c d e = mkVerbWorst a b c d e ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  mkV a b c d e = mkVerb a b c d e ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
 
   regV cry = 
     let
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ParamEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ParamEng.gf
index bc6083a2d..48c8af9ba 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ParamEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ParamEng.gf
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ resource ParamEng = ParamX ** {
 --2 Transformations between parameter types
 
   oper
-    agrP3 : Number -> {a : Agr} = \n -> 
-      {a = {n = n ; p = P3}} ;
+    agrP3 : Number -> Agr = \n -> 
+      {n = n ; p = P3} ;
 
     conjAgr : Agr -> Agr -> Agr = \a,b -> {
       n = conjNumber a.n b.n ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/PhraseEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/PhraseEng.gf
index f62492f80..c2c6a1310 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/PhraseEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/PhraseEng.gf
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ concrete PhraseEng of Phrase = CatEng, TenseX ** open ResEng in {
     UttIP ip = {s = ip.s ! Nom} ; --- Acc also
     UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;
     UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Acc} ;
-    UttVP vp = {s = "to" ++ infVP vp (agrP3 Sg).a} ;
+    UttVP vp = {s = "to" ++ infVP vp (agrP3 Sg)} ;
     UttAdv adv = adv ;
 
     NoPConj = {s = []} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/QuestionEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/QuestionEng.gf
index 16dbc22cc..dbe158b80 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/QuestionEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/QuestionEng.gf
@@ -13,16 +13,9 @@ concrete QuestionEng of Question = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
               } ---- "whether" in ExtEng
       } ;
 
-    QuestVP qp vp = {
-      s = \\t,a,b,q => 
-        let 
-          agr   = {n = qp.n ; p = P3} ;
-          verb  = vp.s ! t ! a ! b ! ODir ! agr ;
-          subj  = qp.s ! Nom ;
-          compl = vp.s2 ! agr
-        in
-        subj ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ compl
-    } ;
+    QuestVP qp vp = 
+      let cl = mkS (qp.s ! Nom) {n = qp.n ; p = P3} vp.s vp.s2
+      in {s = \\t,a,b,_ => cl.s ! t ! a ! b ! ODir} ;
 
     QuestSlash ip slash = {
       s = \\t,a,p => 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/RelativeEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/RelativeEng.gf
index d74606596..c8fce45fd 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/RelativeEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/RelativeEng.gf
@@ -15,11 +15,9 @@ concrete RelativeEng of Relative = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
             RNoAg => ag ;
             RAg a => a
             } ;
-          verb  = vp.s ! t ! ant ! b ! ODir ! agr ;
-          subj  = rp.s ! Nom ;
-          compl = vp.s2 ! agr
+          cl = mkS (rp.s ! Nom) agr vp.s vp.s2
         in
-        subj ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ compl
+        cl.s ! t ! ant ! b ! ODir
       } ;
 
     RelSlash rp slash = {
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf
index 37a3f71f3..064a584fc 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf
@@ -13,35 +13,40 @@ resource ResEng = ParamEng ** open Prelude in {
 
 -- For $Lex$.
 
-    regN : Str -> {s : Number => Case => Str} = \car -> {
+-- For each lexical category, here are the worst-case constructors.
+
+    mkNoun : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : Number => Case => Str} = 
+      \man,mans,men,mens -> {
       s = table {
         Sg => table {
-          Gen => car + "'s" ;
-          _ => car
+          Gen => mans ;
+          _ => man
           } ;
         Pl => table {
-          Gen => car + "s'" ;
-          _ => car + "s"
+          Gen => mens ;
+          _ => men
           }
         }
       } ;
 
-    regA : Str -> {s : AForm => Str} = \warm -> {
+    mkAdjective : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : AForm => Str} = 
+      \good,better,best,well -> {
       s = table {
-        AAdj Posit  => warm ;
-        AAdj Compar => warm + "er" ;
-        AAdj Superl => warm + "est" ;
-        AAdv        => warm + "ly"
+        AAdj Posit  => good ;
+        AAdj Compar => better ;
+        AAdj Superl => best ;
+        AAdv        => well
         }
       } ;
 
-
-    regV : Str -> {s : VForm => Str} = \walk -> {
+    mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : VForm => Str} = 
+      \go,goes,went,gone,going -> {
       s = table {
-        VInf  => walk ;
-        VPres => walk + "s" ;
-        VPast | VPPart => walk + "ed" ;
-        VPresPart => walk + "ing"
+        VInf   => go ;
+        VPres  => goes ;
+        VPast  => went ;
+        VPPart => gone ;
+        VPresPart => going
         }
       } ;
 
@@ -61,6 +66,18 @@ resource ResEng = ParamEng ** open Prelude in {
        }
      } ;
 
+-- These functions cover many cases; full coverage inflectional patterns are
+-- in $MorphoEng$.
+
+    regN : Str -> {s : Number => Case => Str} = \car ->
+      mkNoun car (car + "'s") (car + "s") (car + "s'") ;
+
+    regA : Str -> {s : AForm => Str} = \warm ->
+      mkAdjective warm (warm + "er") (warm + "est") (warm + "ly") ;
+
+    regV : Str -> {s : VForm => Str} = \walk ->
+      mkVerb walk (walk + "s") (walk + "ed") (walk + "ed") (walk + "ing") ;
+
     regNP : Str -> Number -> {s : Case => Str ; a : Agr} = \that,n ->
       mkNP that that (that + "'s") n P3 ;
 
@@ -81,8 +98,11 @@ resource ResEng = ParamEng ** open Prelude in {
     s : VForm => Str
     } ;
 
+  VerbForms : Type =
+    Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Ord => Agr => {fin, inf : Str} ; 
+
   VP : Type = {
-    s  : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Ord => Agr => {fin, inf : Str} ; 
+    s  : VerbForms ;
     s2 : Agr => Str
     } ;
 
@@ -206,6 +226,26 @@ resource ResEng = ParamEng ** open Prelude in {
     {n = Pl ; p = P3} => "themselves"
     } ;
 
+-- For $Sentence$.
+
+  Clause : Type = {
+    s : Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Ord => Str
+    } ;
+
+  mkS : Str -> Agr -> VerbForms -> (Agr => Str) -> Clause =
+    \subj,agr,verb,compl0 -> {
+      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
+        let 
+          verb  = verb ! t ! a ! b ! o ! agr ;
+          compl = compl0 ! agr
+        in
+        case o of {
+          ODir   => subj ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ compl ;
+          OQuest => verb.fin ++ subj ++ verb.inf ++ compl
+          }
+    } ;
+
+
 -- For $Numeral$.
 
   mkNum : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str} = 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/SentenceEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/SentenceEng.gf
index 66b197d60..c39f88cfe 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/SentenceEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/SentenceEng.gf
@@ -3,33 +3,9 @@ concrete SentenceEng of Sentence = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
   flags optimize=all_subs ;
 
   lin
-    PredVP np vp = {
-      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
-        let 
-          agr   = np.a ;
-          verb  = vp.s ! t ! a ! b ! o ! agr ;
-          subj  = np.s ! Nom ;
-          compl = vp.s2 ! agr 
-        in
-        case o of {
-          ODir   => subj ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ compl ;
-          OQuest => verb.fin ++ subj ++ verb.inf ++ compl
-          }
-    } ;
+    PredVP np vp = mkS (np.s ! Nom) np.a vp.s vp.s2 ;
 
-    PredSCVP sc vp = {
-      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
-        let 
-          agr   = (agrP3 Sg).a ;
-          verb  = vp.s ! t ! a ! b ! o ! agr ;
-          subj  = sc.s ;
-          compl = vp.s2 ! agr 
-        in
-        case o of {
-          ODir   => subj ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ compl ;
-          OQuest => verb.fin ++ subj ++ verb.inf ++ compl
-          }
-    } ;
+    PredSCVP sc vp = mkS sc.s (agrP3 Sg) vp.s vp.s2 ;
 
     ImpVP vp = {
       s = \\pol,n => 
@@ -44,36 +20,12 @@ concrete SentenceEng of Sentence = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
         dont ++ verb
     } ;
 
-    SlashV2 np v2 = {
-      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
-        let 
-          agr   = np.a ;
-          verb  = (predV v2).s ! t ! a ! b ! o ! agr ;
-          subj  = np.s ! Nom
-        in
-        case o of {
-          ODir   => subj ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ;
-          OQuest => verb.fin ++ subj ++ verb.inf
-          } ;
-      c2 = v2.c2 
-    } ;
-    --- not possible:
-    --- PredVP (np ** {lock_NP =<>}) (UseV (v2 ** {lock_V = <>})) ** {c2 = v2.c2} ;
+    SlashV2 np v2 = mkS (np.s ! Nom) np.a (predV v2).s (\\_ => []) **
+      {c2 = v2.c2} ;
 
-    SlashVVV2 np vv v2 = {
-      s = \\t,a,b,o => 
-        let 
-          agr   = np.a ;
-          verb  = (predV vv).s ! t ! a ! b ! o ! agr ;
-          inf   = "to" ++ v2.s ! VInf ;
-          subj  = np.s ! Nom
-        in
-        case o of {
-          ODir   => subj ++ verb.fin ++ verb.inf ++ inf ;
-          OQuest => verb.fin ++ subj ++ verb.inf ++ inf
-          } ;
-      c2 = v2.c2 
-    } ;
+    SlashVVV2 np vv v2 = 
+      mkS (np.s ! Nom) np.a (predV vv).s (\\_ => "to" ++ v2.s ! VInf) **
+      {c2 = v2.c2} ;
 
     AdvSlash slash adv = {
       s  = \\t,a,b,o => slash.s ! t ! a ! b ! o ++ adv.s ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ListConjunctionEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/SeqConjunctionEng.gf
similarity index 52%
rename from lib/resource-1.0/english/ListConjunctionEng.gf
rename to lib/resource-1.0/english/SeqConjunctionEng.gf
index f34c42f16..cd0698da8 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ListConjunctionEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/SeqConjunctionEng.gf
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-concrete ConjunctionEng of Conjunction = 
+concrete SeqConjunctionEng of Conjunction = 
   CatEng ** open ResEng, Coordination, Prelude in {
 
   lin
@@ -23,21 +23,19 @@ concrete ConjunctionEng of Conjunction =
       isPre = ss.isPre
       } ;
 
--- These fun's are generated from the list cat's.
-
-    BaseS = twoSS ;
-    ConsS = consrSS comma ;
-    BaseAdv = twoSS ;
-    ConsAdv = consrSS comma ;
-    BaseNP x y = twoTable Case x y ** {a = conjAgr x.a y.a} ;
-    ConsNP xs x = consrTable Case comma xs x ** {a = conjAgr xs.a x.a} ;
-    BaseAP x y = twoTable Agr x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre} ;
-    ConsAP xs x = consrTable Agr comma xs x ** {isPre = andB xs.isPre x.isPre} ;
+    TwoS = twoSS ;
+    AddS = consSS comma ;
+    TwoAdv = twoSS ;
+    AddAdv = consSS comma ;
+    TwoNP x y = twoTable Case x y ** {a = conjAgr x.a y.a} ;
+    AddNP xs x = consTable Case comma xs x ** {a = conjAgr xs.a x.a} ;
+    TwoAP x y = twoTable Agr x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre} ;
+    AddAP xs x = consTable Agr comma xs x ** {isPre = andB xs.isPre x.isPre} ;
 
   lincat
-    [S] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
-    [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
-    [NP] = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ;
-    [AP] = {s1,s2 : Agr => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
+    SeqS = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    SeqAdv = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    SeqNP = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ;
+    SeqAP = {s1,s2 : Agr => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
 
 }
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/VerbEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/VerbEng.gf
index db7e18ca3..3e967a4f1 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/VerbEng.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/VerbEng.gf
@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ concrete VerbEng of Verb = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
 
     EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s} ;
     EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
-    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Sg).a} ; --- agr
+    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Sg)} ; --- agr
 
 }
diff --git a/src/GF/Compile/ShellState.hs b/src/GF/Compile/ShellState.hs
index bbae69efe..93b7f56ff 100644
--- a/src/GF/Compile/ShellState.hs
+++ b/src/GF/Compile/ShellState.hs
@@ -472,19 +472,6 @@ stateFirstCat sgr =
  where 
    a = P.prt (absId sgr)
 
-{-
--- command-line option -cat=foo overrides the possible start cat of a grammar
-stateTransferFun :: StateGrammar -> Maybe Fun
-stateTransferFun sgr = getOptVal (stateOptions sgr) transferFun >>= return . zIdent
-
-stateConcrete = concreteOf . stateGrammarST
-stateAbstract = abstractOf . stateGrammarST
-
-maybeStateAbstract (ShSt (ma,_,_)) = ma
-hasStateAbstract = maybe False (const True) . maybeStateAbstract
-abstractOfState = maybe emptyAbstractST id . maybeStateAbstract
--}
-
 stateIsWord :: StateGrammar -> String -> Bool
 stateIsWord sg = isKnownWord (stateMorpho sg)
 
@@ -496,47 +483,9 @@ addProbs ip@(lang,probs) sh = do
   return $ sh{probss = pbs'}
 
 addTransfer :: (Ident,T.Env) -> ShellState -> ShellState
-addTransfer it sh = sh {transfers = it : transfers sh}
+addTransfer it@(i,_) sh = 
+  sh {transfers = it : filter ((/= i) . fst) (transfers sh)}
 
-{-
-
--- getting info on a language
-existLang :: ShellState -> Language -> Bool
-existLang st lang = elem lang (allLanguages st)
-
-stateConcreteOfLang :: ShellState -> Language -> StateConcrete
-stateConcreteOfLang (ShSt (_,gs,_)) lang = 
-  maybe emptyStateConcrete snd $ lookup lang gs
-
-fileOfLang :: ShellState -> Language -> FilePath
-fileOfLang (ShSt (_,gs,_)) lang = 
-  maybe nonExistingLangFile (fst .fst) $ lookup lang gs
-
-nonExistingLangFile = "NON-EXISTING LANGUAGE" ---
-
-
-allLangOptions st lang = unionOptions (optionsOfLang st lang) (globalOptions st)
-
--- construct state
-
-stateGrammar st cf mo opts = StGr ((st,cf,mo),opts)
-
-initShellState ab fs gs opts = 
-  ShSt (Just ab, [(getLangName f, ((f,True),g)) | (f,g) <- zip fs gs], opts)
-emptyInitShellState opts     = ShSt (Nothing, [], opts)
-
--- the second-last part of a file name is the default language name
-getLangName :: String -> Language
-getLangName file = language (if notElem '.' file then file else langname) where
- elif     = reverse file
- xiferp   = tail (dropWhile (/='.') elif)
- langname = reverse (takeWhile (flip notElem "./") xiferp)
-
--- option -language=foo overrides the default language name
-getLangNameOpt :: Options -> String -> Language
-getLangNameOpt opts file = 
-  maybe (getLangName file) language $ getOptVal opts useLanguage
--}
 -- modify state
 
 type ShellStateOper = ShellState -> ShellState
@@ -554,20 +503,6 @@ languageOnOff :: Bool -> Language -> ShellStateOper
 languageOnOff b lang sh = sh {concretes = cs'} where
   cs' = [if lang==l then (lc,b) else i | i@(lc@(l,c),_) <- concretes sh]
 
-{-
-updateLanguage :: FilePath -> (Language, StateConcrete) -> ShellStateOper
-updateLanguage file (lang,gr) (ShSt (ab,gs,os)) = 
-  ShSt (ab, updateAssoc (lang,((file,True),gr)) gs, os') where
-    os' = changeOptVal os useLanguage (prLanguage lang) -- actualizes the new lang
-
-initWithAbstract :: AbstractST -> ShellStateOper
-initWithAbstract ab st@(ShSt (ma,cs,os)) = 
-  maybe (ShSt (Just ab,cs,os)) (const st) ma
-
-removeLanguage :: Language -> ShellStateOper
-removeLanguage lang (ShSt (ab,gs,os)) = ShSt (ab,removeAssoc lang gs, os)
--}
-
 changeOptions :: (Options -> Options) -> ShellStateOper
 ---                                      __________ this is OBSOLETE
 changeOptions f sh = sh {gloptions = f (gloptions sh)}