diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/abstract/Structural.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/abstract/Structural.gf
index b1e772dd2..d616ba9d5 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/abstract/Structural.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/abstract/Structural.gf
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ abstract Structural = Cat ** {
   but_PConj : PConj ;
   by8agent_Prep : Prep ; -- by (agent)
   by8means_Prep : Prep ; -- by (means of)
-  can8know_VV : VV ;
-  can_VV : VV ;
+  can8know_VV : VV ; -- can (capacity)
+  can_VV : VV ;      -- can (possibility)
   during_Prep : Prep ;
   either7or_DConj : Conj ; -- either...or
 ---b  either7or_DConj : DConj ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/DiffDan.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/DiffDan.gf
index cd7185def..2309efd3a 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/DiffDan.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/DiffDan.gf
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ instance DiffDan of DiffScand = open CommonScand, Prelude in {
         } ;
 
     relPron : GenNum => RCase => Str = \\gn,c => case c of {
-      RNom  => "som" ;
+      RNom | RPrep False => "som" ;
       RGen  => "hvis" ;
-      RPrep => gennumForms "hvilken" "hvilket" "hvilke" ! gn
+      RPrep _ => gennumForms "hvilken" "hvilket" "hvilke" ! gn
       } ;
 
     pronSuch = gennumForms "sådan" "sådant" "sådanne" ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/IdiomDan.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/IdiomDan.gf
index e0f79439d..91c46af12 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/IdiomDan.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/IdiomDan.gf
@@ -8,13 +8,10 @@ concrete IdiomDan of Idiom = CatDan **
     GenericCl vp = mkClause "man" (agrP3 MorphoDan.utrum Sg) vp ;
 
     CleftNP np rs = mkClause "det" (agrP3 MorphoDan.neutrum Sg) 
-      (insertObj (\\_ => rs.s ! np.a)
-        (insertObj (\\_ => np.s ! rs.c) (predV verbBe))) ;
+        (insertObj (\\_ => np.s ! rs.c ++ rs.s ! np.a) (predV verbBe)) ;
 
     CleftAdv ad s = mkClause "det" (agrP3 MorphoDan.neutrum Sg) 
-      (insertObj (\\_ => "som" ++ s.s ! Sub)
-        (insertObj (\\_ => ad.s) (predV verbBe))) ;
-
+      (insertObj (\\_ => ad.s ++ s.s ! Sub) (predV verbBe)) ;
 
     ExistNP np = 
       mkClause "det" (agrP3 MorphoDan.neutrum Sg) (insertObj 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf
index e6b63c4df..ce488ddee 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf
@@ -327,9 +327,9 @@ oper
 
    mk3N x y z = let u = ifTok Str x z "ene" "ne" in mk4N x y z (z + u) ;
 
-  mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ;
+  mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement  p.s} ;
   regN2 n g = mkN2 (regGenN n g) (mkPreposition "av") ;
-  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ;
+  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement  p.s ; c3 = mkComplement  q.s} ;
 
   mk2PN n g = {s = \\c => mkCase c n ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
   regPN n = mk2PN n utrum ;
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ oper
   mk2A a b = mk3A a b (a + "e") ;
   regA a = (regADeg a) **  {lock_A = <>} ;
 
-  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = mkComplement  p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
 
   mkADeg a b c d e = mkAdject a b c d e ** {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
 
@@ -419,18 +419,18 @@ oper
     s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VRefl ; isVaere = False ; lock_V = <>
     } ;
 
-  mk2V2 v p = v ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  mk2V2 v p = v ** {c2 = mkComplement  p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
   dirV2 v = mk2V2 v (mkPrep []) ;
 
-  mkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
+  mkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = mkComplement  p.s ; c3 = mkComplement  q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
   dirV3 v p = mkV3 v noPrep p ;
   dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ;
 
   mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
   mkVS  v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
   mkV2S v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ;
-  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = "å" ; lock_VV = <>} ;
-  mkV2V v p t = mk2V2 v p ** {c3 = "att" ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
+  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = mkComplement "at" ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  mkV2V v p t = mk2V2 v p ** {c3 = mkComplement  "at" ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
   mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
   mkV2A v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
   mkVQ  v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/StructuralDan.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/StructuralDan.gf
index 0790978fe..3af15d100 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/danish/StructuralDan.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/danish/StructuralDan.gf
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ concrete StructuralDan of Structural = CatDan **
   by8means_Prep = ss "med" ;
   can8know_VV, can_VV = 
     mkV "kunne" "kan" "kan" "kunne" "kunnet" "kan" **
-    {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   during_Prep = ss "under" ;
   either7or_DConj = sd2 "enten" "eller" ** {n = Sg} ;
   everybody_NP = regNP "alle" "alles" Plg ;
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ concrete StructuralDan of Structural = CatDan **
   most_Predet = {s = gennumForms ["den meste"] ["det meste"] ["de fleste"]} ;
   much_Det = {s = \\_,_ => "meget" ; n = Pl ; det = DDef Indef} ;
   must_VV = 
-    mkV "måtte" "må" "må" "måtte" "måttet" "mått" ** {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    mkV "måtte" "må" "må" "måtte" "måttet" "mått" ** 
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   no_Utt = ss ["nej"] ;
   on_Prep = ss "på" ;
 ---  one_Quant = {s = \\_ => genderForms ["en"] ["et"] ; n = Sg ; det = DIndef} ; --- ei
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ concrete StructuralDan of Structural = CatDan **
   very_AdA = ss "meget" ;
   want_VV = 
     mkV "ville" "vil" "vil" "ville" "villet" "villed" ** 
-    {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   we_Pron = MorphoDan.mkNP "vi"  "os"  "vores" "vores" "vores"  Plg P1 ;
   whatSg_IP = {s = \\_ => "hvad" ; gn = SgUtr} ; ---- infl
   whatPl_IP = {s = \\_ => "hvilke" ; gn = Plg} ; ---- infl
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/exx-resource.gft b/lib/resource-1.4/exx-resource.gft
index 8c0d311f6..c99642db9 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/exx-resource.gft
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/exx-resource.gft
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ AdjCN (PositA big_A) (UseN house_N)
 RelCN (UseN house_N) (UseRCl TPast ASimul PPos (RelSlash IdRP (SlashVP (UsePN john_PN) (SlashV2a buy_V2))))
 AdvCN (UseN house_N) (PrepNP on_Prep (DetArtSg DefArt (UseN hill_N)))
 SentCN (UseN question_N) (EmbedQS (UseQCl TPres ASimul PPos (QuestIAdv where_IAdv (PredVP (UsePron she_Pron) (UseV sleep_V)))))
-ApposCN (UseN city_N) (UsePN paris_PN)
-
+DetArtSg DefArt (ApposCN (UseN city_N) (UsePN paris_PN))
+DetCN (DetQuant (PossPron i_Pron) NumSg) (ApposCN (UseN friend_N) (UsePN john_PN))
 
 -- Numeral
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/DiffNor.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/DiffNor.gf
index d485f9e7e..3723369f2 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/DiffNor.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/DiffNor.gf
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ instance DiffNor of DiffScand = open CommonScand, Prelude in {
         } ;
 
     relPron : GenNum => RCase => Str = \\gn,c => case c of {
-      RNom  => "som" ;
+      RNom | RPrep False => "som" ;
       RGen  => "hvis" ;
-      RPrep => gennumForms "hvilken" "hvilket" "hvilke" ! gn
+      RPrep _ => gennumForms "hvilken" "hvilket" "hvilke" ! gn
       } ;
 
     pronSuch = gennumForms "sådan" "sådant" "sådanne" ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/IdiomNor.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/IdiomNor.gf
index fbb7f6a9c..998d8fa8d 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/IdiomNor.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/IdiomNor.gf
@@ -9,12 +9,10 @@ concrete IdiomNor of Idiom = CatNor **
     GenericCl vp = mkClause "man" (agrP3 utrum Sg) vp ;
 
     CleftNP np rs = mkClause "det" (agrP3 ParadigmsNor.neutrum Sg) 
-      (insertObj (\\_ => rs.s ! np.a)
-        (insertObj (\\_ => np.s ! rs.c) (predV verbBe))) ;
+        (insertObj (\\_ => np.s ! rs.c ++ rs.s ! np.a) (predV verbBe)) ;
 
     CleftAdv ad s = mkClause "det" (agrP3 ParadigmsNor.neutrum Sg) 
-      (insertObj (\\_ => "som" ++ s.s ! Sub)
-        (insertObj (\\_ => ad.s) (predV verbBe))) ;
+      (insertObj (\\_ => ad.s ++ s.s ! Sub) (predV verbBe)) ;
 
     ExistNP np = 
       mkClause "det" (agrP3 ParadigmsNor.neutrum Sg) (insertObj 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/LexiconNor.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/LexiconNor.gf
index 5972338de..cceb25b41 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/LexiconNor.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/LexiconNor.gf
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ lin
   important_A = regADeg "viktig" ;
   industry_N = mk2N "industri" "industrien" ;
   iron_N = regGenN "jern" neutrum ;
-  john_PN = mkPN "John" utrum ;
+  john_PN = mkPN "John" masculine ;
   king_N = regGenN "konge" masculine ;
   know_V2 = dirV2 IrregNor.vite_V ;
   lake_N = regGenN "vann" neutrum ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.gf
index ee662323f..cdb71a1e6 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.gf
@@ -312,9 +312,9 @@ oper
     } ;
 
 
-  mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ;
+  mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement  p.s} ;
   regN2 n g = mkN2 (regGenN n g) (mkPrep "av") ;
-  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ;
+  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement  p.s ; c3 = mkComplement  q.s} ;
 
   regGenPN n g = {s = \\c => mkCase c n ; g = g} ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
   regPN n = regGenPN n utrum ;
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ oper
   mk2A a b = mk3A a b (a + "e") ;
   regA a = (regADeg a) **  {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
 
-  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = mkComplement  p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
 
   mkADeg a b c d e = mkAdject a b c d e ** {isComp = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
   regADeg a = case Predef.dp 2 a of {
@@ -404,18 +404,18 @@ oper
   depV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VPass ; isVaere = False ; lock_V = <>} ;
   reflV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; vtype = VRefl ; isVaere = False ; lock_V = <>} ;
 
-  mk2V2 v p = v ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  mk2V2 v p = v ** {c2 = mkComplement  p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
   dirV2 v = mk2V2 v noPrep ;
 
-  mkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
+  mkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = mkComplement  p.s ; c3 = mkComplement  q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
   dirV3 v p = mkV3 v noPrep p ;
   dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ;
 
   mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
   mkVS  v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
   mkV2S v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ;
-  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = "å" ; lock_VV = <>} ;
-  mkV2V v p t = mk2V2 v p ** {c3 = "att" ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
+  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = mkComplement  "å" ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  mkV2V v p t = mk2V2 v p ** {c3 = mkComplement  "att" ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
   mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
   mkV2A v p = mk2V2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
   mkVQ  v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/StructuralNor.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/StructuralNor.gf
index 690c4918d..7f23ddd62 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/StructuralNor.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/norwegian/StructuralNor.gf
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ concrete StructuralNor of Structural = CatNor **
   by8means_Prep = ss "med" ;
   can8know_VV, can_VV = 
     mkV "kunne" "kan" "kunn" "kunne" "kunnet" "kunnen" **
-    {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   during_Prep = ss "under" ;
   either7or_DConj = sd2 "enten" "eller" ** {n = Sg} ;
   everybody_NP = regNP "alle" "alles" Plg ;
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ concrete StructuralNor of Structural = CatNor **
   most_Predet = {s = gennumForms ["den meste"] ["det meste"] ["de fleste"]} ;
   much_Det = {s = \\_,_ => "mye" ; n = Pl ; det = DDef Indef} ;
   must_VV = 
-    mkV "måtte" "må" "må" "måtte" "måttet" "mått" ** {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    mkV "måtte" "må" "må" "måtte" "måttet" "mått" ** 
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   no_Utt = ss ["nei"] ;
   on_Prep = ss "på" ;
 ---  one_Quant = {s = \\_ => genderForms ["en"] ["et"] ; n = Sg ; det = DIndef} ; DEPREC
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ concrete StructuralNor of Structural = CatNor **
   very_AdA = ss "mye" ;
   want_VV = 
     mkV "ville" "vil" "vill" "ville" "villet" "villed" ** 
-    {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   we_Pron = MorphoNor.mkNP "vi"  "oss"  "vår" "vårt" "våre"  Plg P1 ;
   whatSg_IP = {s = \\_ => "hva" ; gn = SgUtr} ; ---- infl
   whatPl_IP = {s = \\_ => "hva" ; gn = Plg} ; ---- infl
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/AdjectiveScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/AdjectiveScand.gf
index fd2f3c1a5..1570574cb 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/AdjectiveScand.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/AdjectiveScand.gf
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ incomplete concrete AdjectiveScand of Adjective =
 -- $SuperlA$ belongs to determiner syntax in $Noun$.
 
     ComplA2 a np = {
-      s = \\ap => a.s ! AF (APosit ap) Nom ++ a.c2 ++ np.s ! accusative ; 
+      s = \\ap => a.s ! AF (APosit ap) Nom ++ a.c2.s ++ np.s ! accusative ; 
       isPre = False
       } ;
 
     ReflA2 a = {
-      s = \\ap => a.s ! AF (APosit ap) Nom ++ a.c2 ++ 
+      s = \\ap => a.s ! AF (APosit ap) Nom ++ a.c2.s ++ 
                   reflPron (agrP3 utrum Sg) ; ---- 
       isPre = False
       } ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/CatScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/CatScand.gf
index 9bf2b1ecb..02467884b 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/CatScand.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/CatScand.gf
@@ -10,12 +10,15 @@ incomplete concrete CatScand of Cat =
     S  = {s : Order => Str} ;
     QS = {s : QForm => Str} ;
     RS = {s : Agr => Str ; c : NPForm} ;
-    SSlash = {s : Order => Str} ** {c2 : Str} ;
+    SSlash = {s : Order => Str} ** {c2 : Complement} ;
 
 -- Sentence
 
     Cl = {s : R.Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str} ;
-    ClSlash = {s : R.Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str} ** {c2 : Str} ;
+    ClSlash = {
+      s : R.Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str ; 
+      c2 : Complement
+      } ;
     Imp = {s : Polarity => Number => Str} ;
 
 -- Question
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ incomplete concrete CatScand of Cat =
       ext : Str ;            -- S-Ext att hon går   ---s7
       en2,ea2,eext : Bool    -- indicate if the field exists
       } ;
-    VPSlash = CommonScand.VP ** {c2 : Str} ;
+    VPSlash = CommonScand.VP ** {c2 : Complement} ;
     Comp = {s : AFormPos => Str} ; 
 
 
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ incomplete concrete CatScand of Cat =
     NP,Pron = {s : NPForm => Str ; a : Agr} ;
     Det = {s : Bool => Gender => Str ; n : Number ; det : DetSpecies} ;
     Quant = {s : Number => Bool => Gender => Str ; det : DetSpecies} ;
-    Art = {s : Number => Bool => Gender => Str ; det : DetSpecies} ;
+    Art = {s : Number => Bool => Bool => Gender => Str ; det : DetSpecies} ;
     Predet = {s : GenNum => Str} ;
     Num = {s : Gender => Str ; isDet : Bool ; n : Number} ;
     Card = {s : Gender => Str ; n : Number} ;
@@ -83,17 +86,17 @@ incomplete concrete CatScand of Cat =
 -- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
 
     V, VS, VQ, VA = Verb ;
-    V2, VV, V2Q, V2S, V2A = Verb ** {c2 : Str} ;
-    V3, V2V = Verb ** {c2,c3 : Str} ;
+    V2, VV, V2Q, V2S, V2A = Verb ** {c2 : Complement} ;
+    V3, V2V = Verb ** {c2,c3 : Complement} ;
 
     A  = Adjective ** {isComp : Bool} ;
        -- {s : AForm => Str} ;
-    A2 = Adjective ** {isComp : Bool ; c2 : Str} ;
+    A2 = Adjective ** {isComp : Bool ; c2 : Complement} ;
 
     N  = Noun ; 
       -- {s : Number => Species => Case => Str ; g : Gender} ;
-    N2   = Noun  ** {c2 : Str} ;
-    N3   = Noun  ** {c2,c3 : Str} ;
+    N2   = Noun  ** {c2 : Complement} ;
+    N3   = Noun  ** {c2,c3 : Complement} ;
     PN = {s : Case => Str ; g : Gender} ;
 
 }
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/CommonScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/CommonScand.gf
index e327a09c1..487082305 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/CommonScand.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/CommonScand.gf
@@ -59,11 +59,13 @@ param
 ---  AdjPronForm = APron GenNum Case ;
 ---  AuxVerbForm = AuxInf | AuxPres | AuxPret | AuxSup ;
 
-  RCase = RNom | RGen | RPrep ;
+  RCase = RNom | RGen | RPrep Bool ;
 
   RAgr = RNoAg | RAg {gn : GenNum ; p : Person} ;
 
 oper
+  Complement : Type = {s : Str ; hasPrep : Bool} ;
+
   Agr : PType = {gn : GenNum ; p : Person} ;
 
   nominative : NPForm = NPNom ;
@@ -79,6 +81,13 @@ oper
     _ => Indef
     } ;
 
+  mkComplement : Str -> Complement = \s -> {
+    s = s ;
+    hasPrep = case s of {
+      "" => False ;
+      _ => True
+      }
+    } ;
 -- Used in $Noun.AdjCN$.
 
 -----  agrAdj : GenNum -> DetSpecies -> AFormPos = \gn,d -> Strong gn ; --- debug
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/NounScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
index 3279e694a..edabe8228 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ incomplete concrete NounScand of Noun =
       } ;
 
     DetArtOrd quant num ord = {
-      s = \\b,g => quant.s ! num.n ! (orB b num.isDet) ! g ++ 
+      s = \\b,g => quant.s ! num.n ! b ! num.isDet ! g ++ 
                    num.s ! g ++ ord.s ;
       n = num.n ;
       det = quant.det
       } ;
 
     DetArtCard quant num = {
-      s = \\b,g => quant.s ! num.n ! b ! g ++ num.s ! g ;
+      s = \\b,g => quant.s ! num.n ! b ! True ! g ++ num.s ! g ;
       n = num.n ;
       det = quant.det
       } ;
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounScand of Noun =
           <d,_,_> => d
           }
       in {
-      s = \\c => det.s ! n ! cn.isMod ! cn.g ++
+      s = \\c => det.s ! n ! cn.isMod ! False ! cn.g ++
                  cn.s ! n ! dd ! caseNP c ; 
       a = agrP3 g n
       } ;
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounScand of Noun =
           <d,_,_> => d
           }
       in {
-      s = \\c => det.s ! n ! cn.isMod ! cn.g ++
+      s = \\c => det.s ! n ! cn.isMod ! False !cn.g ++
                  cn.s ! n ! dd ! caseNP c ; 
       a = agrP3 g n
       } ;
@@ -139,14 +139,14 @@ incomplete concrete NounScand of Noun =
       } ;
 
     DefArt = {
-      s = \\n,b,g => if_then_Str b (artDef (gennum g n)) [] ; 
+      s = \\n,bm,bn,g => if_then_Str (orB bm bn) (artDef (gennum g n)) [] ; 
       det = DDef Def
       } ;
 
     IndefArt = {
       s = table {
-        Sg => \\_ => artIndef ; 
-        Pl => \\_,_ => []
+        Sg => \\_,bn,g => if_then_Str bn [] (artIndef ! g) ; 
+        Pl => \\_,bn,_ => []
         } ; 
       det = DIndef
       } ;
@@ -180,12 +180,12 @@ incomplete concrete NounScand of Noun =
 -- The genitive of this $NP$ is not correct: "sonen till mig" (not "migs").
 
     ComplN2 f x = {
-      s = \\n,d,c => f.s ! n ! specDet d ! Nom ++ f.c2 ++ x.s ! accusative ;
+      s = \\n,d,c => f.s ! n ! specDet d ! Nom ++ f.c2.s ++ x.s ! accusative ;
       g = f.g ;
       isMod = False
       } ;
     ComplN3 f x = {
-      s = \\n,d,c => f.s ! n ! d ! Nom ++ f.c2 ++ x.s ! accusative ; 
+      s = \\n,d,c => f.s ! n ! d ! Nom ++ f.c2.s ++ x.s ! accusative ; 
       g = f.g ;
       c2 = f.c3 ;
       isMod = False
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounScand of Noun =
       } ;
 
     RelNP np rs = {
-      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ rs.s ! np.a ;
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ "," ++ rs.s ! np.a ;
       a = np.a ;
       isMod = np.isMod
       } ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/QuestionScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/QuestionScand.gf
index db7fd2dc5..57b9d44d3 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/QuestionScand.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/QuestionScand.gf
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ incomplete concrete QuestionScand of Question =
       s = \\t,a,p => 
             let 
               cls = slash.s ! t ! a ! p ;
-              who = slash.c2 ++ ip.s ! accusative --- stranding in ExtScand 
+              who = slash.c2.s ++ ip.s ! accusative --- stranding in ExtScand 
             in table {
               QDir   => who ++ cls ! Inv ;
               QIndir => who ++ cls ! Sub
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/RelativeScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/RelativeScand.gf
index 633270eee..3ea27ff60 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/RelativeScand.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/RelativeScand.gf
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 incomplete concrete RelativeScand of Relative = 
-  CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand in {
+  CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand, Prelude in {
 
   flags optimize=all_subs ;
 
@@ -29,14 +29,15 @@ incomplete concrete RelativeScand of Relative =
 
     RelSlash rp slash = {
       s = \\t,a,p,ag => 
-          slash.c2 ++ rp.s ! ag.gn ! RPrep ++ slash.s ! t ! a ! p ! Sub ;
+          slash.c2.s ++ rp.s ! ag.gn ! RPrep slash.c2.hasPrep ++ 
+          slash.s ! t ! a ! p ! Sub ;
       c = NPAcc
       } ;
 
 --- The case here could be genitive.
 
     FunRP p np rp = {
-      s = \\gn,c => np.s ! nominative ++ p.s ++ rp.s ! gn ! RPrep ;
+      s = \\gn,c => np.s ! nominative ++ p.s ++ rp.s ! gn ! RPrep True ;
       a = RAg np.a
       } ;
 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/SentenceScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/SentenceScand.gf
index 378b3d80d..4dc69fec5 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/SentenceScand.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/SentenceScand.gf
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 incomplete concrete SentenceScand of Sentence = 
-  CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand in {
+  CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand, Prelude in {
 
   flags optimize=all_subs ;
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ incomplete concrete SentenceScand of Sentence =
       c2 = slash.c2
     } ;
 
-    SlashPrep cl prep = cl ** {c2 = prep.s} ;
+    SlashPrep cl prep = cl ** {c2 = {s = prep.s ; hasPrep = True}} ;
 
     SlashVS np vs slash = 
       mkClause
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/VerbScand.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/VerbScand.gf
index acac15b12..82a39e154 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/VerbScand.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/scandinavian/VerbScand.gf
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ incomplete concrete VerbScand of Verb = CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand i
     SlashV2a v = predV v ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
 
     Slash2V3 v np = 
-      insertObj (\\_ => v.c2 ++ np.s ! accusative) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c3} ;
+      insertObj (\\_ => v.c2.s ++ np.s ! accusative) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c3} ;
     Slash3V3 v np = 
-      insertObj (\\_ => v.c3 ++ np.s ! accusative) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+      insertObj (\\_ => v.c3.s ++ np.s ! accusative) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
 
-    ComplVV v vp = insertObj (\\a => v.c2 ++ infVP vp a) (predV v) ;
+    ComplVV v vp = insertObj (\\a => v.c2.s ++ infVP vp a) (predV v) ;
     ComplVS v s  = insertObj (\\_ => conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub) (predV v) ;
     ComplVQ v q  = insertObj (\\_ => q.s ! QIndir) (predV v) ;
     ComplVA  v ap = insertObj (\\a => ap.s ! agrAdj a.gn DIndef) (predV v) ;
 
     SlashV2V v vp = 
-      insertObj (\\a => v.c3 ++ infVP vp a) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+      insertObj (\\a => v.c3.s ++ infVP vp a) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
     SlashV2S v s = 
       insertObj (\\_ => conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
     SlashV2Q v q = 
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ incomplete concrete VerbScand of Verb = CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand i
       insertObj 
         (\\a => ap.s ! agrAdj a.gn DIndef) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ; ---- agr to obj
 
-    ComplSlash vp np = insertObj (\\_ => vp.c2 ++ np.s ! accusative) vp ;
+    ComplSlash vp np = insertObj (\\_ => vp.c2.s ++ np.s ! accusative) vp ;
 
     SlashVV v vp = 
-      insertObj (\\a => v.c2 ++ infVP vp a) (predV v) ** {c2 = vp.c2} ;
+      insertObj (\\a => v.c2.s ++ infVP vp a) (predV v) ** {c2 = vp.c2} ;
     SlashV2VNP v np vp = 
       insertObj 
-        (\\a => v.c2 ++ np.s ! accusative ++ v.c3 ++ infVP vp a) (predV v) 
+        (\\a => v.c2.s ++ np.s ! accusative ++ v.c3.s ++ infVP vp a) (predV v) 
         ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
 
     UseComp comp = insertObj (\\a => comp.s ! agrAdj a.gn DIndef) (predV verbBe) ;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ incomplete concrete VerbScand of Verb = CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand i
     AdVVP adv vp = insertAdV adv.s vp ;
 
 
-    ReflVP vp = insertObj (\\a => vp.c2 ++ reflPron a) vp ;
+    ReflVP vp = insertObj (\\a => vp.c2.s ++ reflPron a) vp ;
 
     PassV2 v = 
       insertObj 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/DiffSwe.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/DiffSwe.gf
index 78a88dcb2..97d9fa9cd 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/DiffSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/DiffSwe.gf
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ instance DiffSwe of DiffScand = open CommonScand, Prelude in {
         } ;
 
     relPron : GenNum => RCase => Str = \\gn,c => case c of {
-      RNom  => "som" ;
+      RNom | RPrep False => "som" ;
       RGen  => "vars" ;
-      RPrep => gennumForms "vilken" "vilket" "vilka" ! gn
+      RPrep True => gennumForms "vilken" "vilket" "vilka" ! gn
       } ;
 
     pronSuch = gennumForms "sådan" "sådant" "sådana" ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/IdiomSwe.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/IdiomSwe.gf
index 88d360a77..65ebf9b30 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/IdiomSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/IdiomSwe.gf
@@ -12,13 +12,10 @@ concrete IdiomSwe of Idiom = CatSwe **
     GenericCl vp = mkClause "man" (agrP3 utr Sg) vp ;
 
     CleftNP np rs = mkClause "det" (agrP3 neutr Sg) 
-      (insertObj (\\_ => rs.s ! np.a)
-        (insertObj (\\_ => np.s ! rs.c) (predV verbBe))) ;
+        (insertObj (\\_ => np.s ! rs.c ++ rs.s ! np.a) (predV verbBe)) ;
 
     CleftAdv ad s = mkClause "det" (agrP3 neutr Sg) 
-      (insertObj (\\_ => "som" ++ s.s ! Sub)
-        (insertObj (\\_ => ad.s) (predV verbBe))) ;
-
+      (insertObj (\\_ => ad.s ++ s.s ! Sub) (predV verbBe)) ;
 
     ExistNP np = 
       mkClause "det" (agrP3 neutr Sg) (insertObj 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/LexiconSwe.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/LexiconSwe.gf
index 87bd0ceee..3bca3ec0f 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/LexiconSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/LexiconSwe.gf
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ lin
   say_VS = mkVS (mkV "säga" "säger" "säg" "sade" "sagt" "sagd") ;
   school_N = regGenN "skola" utrum;
   science_N = mk2N "vetenskap" "vetenskaper" ;
-  sea_N = mkN "sjö" "sjön" "sjöar" "sjöarna" ;
+  sea_N = mkN "hav" "hav" ;
   seek_V2 = dirV2 (mk2V "söka" "sökte") ;
   see_V2 = dirV2 (mkV "se" "ser" "se" "såg" "sett" "sedd") ;
   sell_V3 = dirV3 (irregV "sälja" "sålde" "sålt") (mkPrep "till") ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf
index e033d33fa..33b7bd9ea 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf
@@ -415,9 +415,10 @@ oper
   regN2 : Str -> Gender -> N2 ;
 
 
-  mmkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ;
+  mmkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement p.s} ;
   regN2 n g = mmkN2 (regGenN n g) (mkPrep "av") ;
-  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ;
+  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** 
+    {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = mkComplement p.s ; c3 = mkComplement q.s} ;
 
   mkPN = overload {
     mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ;
@@ -474,7 +475,7 @@ oper
 
   compoundA adj = {s = adj.s ; isComp = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
 
-  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
 
   mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
   mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
@@ -566,7 +567,7 @@ oper
     } ;
 
 
-  mmkV2 v p = v ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  mmkV2 v p = v ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
   dirV2 v = mmkV2 v noPrep ;
 
   mkV3 = overload {
@@ -581,13 +582,13 @@ oper
   dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ;                 -- ge, (dat), (acc)
 
 
-  mmkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
+  mmkV3 v p q = v ** {c2 = mkComplement p.s ; c3 = mkComplement q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
   dirV3 v p = mmkV3 v noPrep p ;
   dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ;
 
   mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V0 = <>} ;
   mkVS  v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
-  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = "att" ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  mkVV  v = v ** {c2 = mkComplement "att" ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   mkVQ  v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
 
   mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
@@ -599,7 +600,7 @@ oper
   A2V : Type = A2 ;
 
   mkV2S v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ;
-  mkV2V v p t = mmkV2 v p ** {c3 = "att" ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
+  mkV2V v p t = mmkV2 v p ** {c3 = mkComplement "att" ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
   mkV2Q v p = mmkV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
 
   mkAS  v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
index a808de577..ec7200bae 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/resource-1.4/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ concrete StructuralSwe of Structural = CatSwe **
   by8means_Prep = ss "med" ;
   can8know_VV, can_VV = 
     mkV "kunna" "kan" "kunn" "kunde" "kunnat" "kunnen" **
-    {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   during_Prep = ss "under" ;
   either7or_DConj = sd2 "antingen" "eller" ** {n = Sg} ;
   everybody_NP = regNP "alla" "allas" Plg ;
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ concrete StructuralSwe of Structural = CatSwe **
   most_Predet = {s = gennumForms ["den mesta"] ["det mesta"] ["de flesta"]} ;
   much_Det = {s = \\_,_ => "mycket" ; n = Pl ; det = DDef Indef} ;
   must_VV = 
-    mkV "få" "måste" "få" "fick" "måst" "måst" ** {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    mkV "få" "måste" "få" "fick" "måst" "måst" ** 
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   no_Utt = ss ["nej"] ;
   on_Prep = ss "på" ;
 ---  one_Quant = {s = \\_ => genderForms ["en"] ["ett"] ; n = Sg ; det = DIndef} ;
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ concrete StructuralSwe of Structural = CatSwe **
   very_AdA = ss "mycket" ;
   want_VV = 
     mkV "vilja" "vill" "vilj" "ville" "velat" "velad" ** 
-    {c2 = [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+    {c2 = mkComplement [] ; lock_VV = <>} ;
   we_Pron = MorphoSwe.mkNP "vi"  "oss"  "vår" "vårt" "våra"  Plg P1 ;
   whatSg_IP = {s = \\_ => "vad" ; gn = SgUtr} ; ---- infl
   whatPl_IP = {s = \\_ => "vad" ; gn = Plg} ; ---- infl