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resource = resource-1.0

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aarne
2006-06-22 22:25:55 +00:00
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--!
--1 Rules for predication forming clauses
--
-- This module treats predications in a shallow way, without right-branching
-- $VP$ structures. This has the disadvantage of duplicating rules but the
-- advantage of fast parsing due to elimination of discontinuous
-- constituents. Also the canonical GF structures (in $.gfc$) files
-- get smaller, because much more pruning of case alternatives can
-- be performed at compile time.
--
-- Each of the rules below has the following structure:
--
-- "Subject -> Verb -> Complements -> Clause"
--
-- What complements are needed depends on the type of the verb.
-- For instance, $V$ takes no complement, $V2$ takes one $NP$
-- complement, $VS$ takes an $S$ complement, etc. There is an elegant
-- way of expressing this using dependent types:
--
-- (v : VType) -> Subj -> Verb v -> Compl v -> Clause
--
-- Since there are 12 verb types in our category system, using this
-- rule would be economical. The effect is amplified by another
-- distinction that the rules make: there are separate sets of
-- rules just differing in what type the subject and
-- the resulting clause have. There are four different types:
--
--* $SPred$ (declarative clause, from $NP$ to $Cl$),
--* $QPred$ (interrogative clause, from $IP$ to $QCl$),
--* $RPred$ (relative clause, from $RP$ to $RCl$),
--* $IPred$ (infinitive clause, from no subject to $VCl$).
--
-- The ultimate dependent type formalization of all the 4x12 rules is
--
-- (n : NType) -> (v : VType) -> Subj n -> Verb v -> Compl v -> Clause n
--
-- In the following, however, an expanded set of rules with no
-- dependent types is shown.
abstract Clause = Categories ** {
fun
SPredV : NP -> V -> Cl ; -- "John walks"
SPredPassV : NP -> V -> Cl ; -- "John is seen"
SPredV2 : NP -> V2 -> NP -> Cl ; -- "John sees Mary"
SPredV3 : NP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- "John tells Mary everything"
SPredReflV2 : NP -> V2 -> Cl ; -- "John loves himself"
SPredVS : NP -> VS -> S -> Cl ; -- "John says that Mary runs"
SPredVV : NP -> VV -> VPI -> Cl ; -- "John must walk"
SPredVQ : NP -> VQ -> QS -> Cl ; -- "John asks who will come"
SPredVA : NP -> VA -> AP -> Cl ; -- "John looks ill"
SPredV2A : NP -> V2A -> NP -> AP -> Cl ; -- "John paints the house red"
SPredSubjV2V : NP -> V2V -> NP -> VPI -> Cl ; -- "John promises Mary to leave"
SPredObjV2V : NP -> V2V -> NP -> VPI -> Cl ; -- "John asks me to come"
SPredV2S : NP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> Cl ; -- "John told me that it is good"
SPredV2Q : NP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> Cl ; -- "John asked me if it is good"
SPredAP : NP -> AP -> Cl ; -- "John is old"
SPredCN : NP -> CN -> Cl ; -- "John is a man"
SPredNP : NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- "John is Bill"
SPredAdv : NP -> Adv -> Cl ; -- "John is in France"
SPredProgVP : NP -> VPI -> Cl ; -- "he is eating"
QPredV : IP -> V -> QCl ; -- "who walks"
QPredPassV : IP -> V -> QCl ; -- "who is seen"
QPredV2 : IP -> V2 -> NP -> QCl ; -- "who sees Mary"
QPredV3 : IP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> QCl ; -- "who gives Mary food"
QPredReflV2 : IP -> V2 -> QCl ; -- "who loves himself"
QPredVS : IP -> VS -> S -> QCl ; -- "who says that Mary runs"
QPredVV : IP -> VV -> VPI -> QCl ; -- "who must walk"
QPredVQ : IP -> VQ -> QS -> QCl ; -- "who asks who will come"
QPredVA : IP -> VA -> AP -> QCl ; -- "who looks ill"
QPredV2A : IP -> V2A -> NP ->AP ->QCl ; -- "who paints the house red"
QPredSubjV2V : IP -> V2V -> NP ->VPI ->QCl ; -- "who promises Mary to leave"
QPredObjV2V : IP -> V2V -> NP -> VPI -> QCl ; -- "who asks me to come"
QPredV2S : IP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> QCl ; -- "who told me that it is good"
QPredV2Q : IP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> QCl ; -- "who asked me if it is good"
QPredAP : IP -> AP -> QCl ; -- "who is old"
QPredCN : IP -> CN -> QCl ; -- "who is a man"
QPredNP : IP -> NP -> QCl ; -- "who is Bill"
QPredAdv : IP -> Adv -> QCl ; -- "who is in France"
QPredProgVP : IP -> VPI -> QCl ; -- "who is eating"
RPredV : RP -> V -> RCl ; -- "who walks"
RPredPassV : RP -> V -> RCl ; -- "who is seen"
RPredV2 : RP -> V2 -> NP -> RCl ; -- "who sees Mary"
RPredV3 : RP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> RCl ; -- "who gives Mary food"
RPredReflV2 : RP -> V2 -> RCl ; -- "who loves himself"
RPredVS : RP -> VS -> S -> RCl ; -- "who says that Mary runs"
RPredVV : RP -> VV -> VPI -> RCl ; -- "who must walk"
RPredVQ : RP -> VQ -> QS -> RCl ; -- "who asks who will come"
RPredVA : RP -> VA -> AP -> RCl ; -- "who looks ill"
RPredV2A : RP -> V2A -> NP -> AP -> RCl ; -- "who paints the house red"
RPredSubjV2V : RP -> V2V -> NP -> VPI -> RCl ; -- "who promises Mary to leave"
RPredObjV2V : RP -> V2V -> NP -> VPI -> RCl ; -- "who asks me to come"
RPredV2S : RP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> RCl ; -- "who told me that it is good"
RPredV2Q : RP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> RCl ; -- "who asked me if it is good"
RPredAP : RP -> AP -> RCl ; -- "who is old"
RPredCN : RP -> CN -> RCl ; -- "who is a man"
RPredNP : RP -> NP -> RCl ; -- "who is Bill"
RPredAdv : RP -> Adv -> RCl ; -- "who is in France"
RPredProgVP : RP -> VPI -> RCl ; -- "who is eating"
IPredV : V -> VCl ; -- "walk"
IPredPassV : V -> VCl ; -- "be seen"
IPredV2 : V2 -> NP -> VCl ; -- "see Mary"
IPredV3 : V3 -> NP -> NP -> VCl ; -- "give Mary food"
IPredReflV2 : V2 -> VCl ; -- "love himself"
IPredVS : VS -> S -> VCl ; -- "say that Mary runs"
IPredVV : VV -> VPI -> VCl ; -- "want to walk"
IPredVQ : VQ -> QS -> VCl ; -- "ask who will come"
IPredVA : VA -> AP -> VCl ; -- "look ill"
IPredV2A : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VCl ; -- "paint the house red"
IPredSubjV2V : V2V -> NP -> VPI -> VCl ; -- "promise Mary to leave"
IPredObjV2V : V2V -> NP -> VPI -> VCl ; -- "ask me to come"
IPredV2S : V2S -> NP -> S -> VCl ; -- "tell me that it is good"
IPredV2Q : V2Q -> NP -> QS -> VCl ; -- "ask me if it is good"
IPredAP : AP -> VCl ; -- "be old"
IPredCN : CN -> VCl ; -- "be a man"
IPredNP : NP -> VCl ; -- "be Bill"
IPredAdv : Adv -> VCl ; -- "be in France"
IPredProgVP : VPI -> VCl ; -- "be eating"
{-
-- These rules *use* verb phrases.
PredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ; -- "John walks"
RelVP : RP -> VP -> RCl ; -- "who walks", "who doesn't walk"
IntVP : IP -> VP -> QCl ; -- "who walks"
PosVP, NegVP : Ant -> VP -> VPI ; -- to eat, not to eat
AdvVP : VP -> AdV -> VP ; -- "always walks"
SubjVP : VP -> Subj -> S -> VP ; -- "(a man who) sings when he runs"
-}
} ;