++
+ abstract Adjective = Cat ** {
+
+ fun
+
+
+The principal ways of forming an adjectival phrase are
+positive, comparative, relational, reflexive-relational, and
+elliptic-relational.
++ PositA : A -> AP ; -- warm + ComparA : A -> NP -> AP ; -- warmer than I + ComplA2 : A2 -> NP -> AP ; -- married to her + ReflA2 : A2 -> AP ; -- married to itself + UseA2 : A2 -> AP ; -- married + UseComparA : A -> AP ; -- warmer + CAdvAP : CAdv -> AP -> NP -> AP ; -- as cool as John ++ +The superlative use is covered in Ord. +
+ AdjOrd : Ord -> AP ; -- warmest ++ +Sentence and question complements defined for all adjectival +phrases, although the semantics is only clear for some adjectives. +
+ SentAP : AP -> SC -> AP ; -- good that she is here ++ +An adjectival phrase can be modified by an adadjective, such as very. +
+ AdAP : AdA -> AP -> AP ; -- very warm ++ +It can also be postmodified by an adverb, typically a prepositional phrase. +
+ AdvAP : AP -> Adv -> AP ; -- warm by nature ++ +The formation of adverbs from adjectives (e.g. quickly) is covered +in [Adverb Adverb.html]; the same concerns adadjectives (e.g. extremely). +
+ } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6486a1974 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Adverb = Cat ** {
+
+ fun
+
+
+The two main ways of forming adverbs are from adjectives and by
+prepositions from noun phrases.
++ PositAdvAdj : A -> Adv ; -- warmly + PrepNP : Prep -> NP -> Adv ; -- in the house ++ +Comparative adverbs have a noun phrase or a sentence as object of +comparison. +
+ ComparAdvAdj : CAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv ; -- more warmly than John + ComparAdvAdjS : CAdv -> A -> S -> Adv ; -- more warmly than he runs ++ +Adverbs can be modified by 'adadjectives', just like adjectives. +
+ AdAdv : AdA -> Adv -> Adv ; -- very quickly ++ +Like adverbs, adadjectives can be produced by adjectives. +
+ PositAdAAdj : A -> AdA ; -- extremely ++ +Subordinate clauses can function as adverbs. +
+ SubjS : Subj -> S -> Adv ; -- when she sleeps ++ +Comparison adverbs also work as numeral adverbs. +
+ AdnCAdv : CAdv -> AdN ; -- less (than five) + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f8f9dda1 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+Moreover, the list categories ListAdv, ListAP, ListNP, ListS +are defined on Conjunction and only used locally there. +
+ abstract Cat = Common ** {
+
+ cat
+
+
++ S ; -- declarative sentence e.g. "she lived here" + QS ; -- question e.g. "where did she live" + RS ; -- relative e.g. "in which she lived" + Cl ; -- declarative clause, with all tenses e.g. "she looks at this" + ClSlash;-- clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG) e.g. "she looks at" + SSlash ;-- sentence missing NP e.g. "she has looked at" + Imp ; -- imperative e.g. "look at this" ++ +
+ QCl ; -- question clause, with all tenses e.g. "why does she walk" + IP ; -- interrogative pronoun e.g. "who" + IComp ; -- interrogative complement of copula e.g. "where" + IDet ; -- interrogative determiner e.g. "how many" + IQuant; -- interrogative quantifier e.g. "which" ++ +
+ RCl ; -- relative clause, with all tenses e.g. "in which she lives" + RP ; -- relative pronoun e.g. "in which" ++ +
+ VP ; -- verb phrase e.g. "is very warm" + Comp ; -- complement of copula, such as AP e.g. "very warm" + VPSlash ; -- verb phrase missing complement e.g. "give to John" ++ +
+ AP ; -- adjectival phrase e.g. "very warm" ++ +
+ CN ; -- common noun (without determiner) e.g. "red house"
+ NP ; -- noun phrase (subject or object) e.g. "the red house"
+ Pron ; -- personal pronoun e.g. "she"
+ Det ; -- determiner phrase e.g. "those seven"
+ Predet ; -- predeterminer (prefixed Quant) e.g. "all"
+ Quant ; -- quantifier ('nucleus' of Det) e.g. "this/these"
+ Num ; -- number determining element e.g. "seven"
+ Card ; -- cardinal number e.g. "seven"
+ Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh"
+
+
++ Numeral ; -- cardinal or ordinal in words e.g. "five/fifth" + Digits ; -- cardinal or ordinal in digits e.g. "1,000/1,000th" ++ +
+ Conj ; -- conjunction e.g. "and" ++ +-b DConj ; -- distributed conjunction e.g. both - and +
+ Subj ; -- subjunction e.g. "if" + Prep ; -- preposition, or just case e.g. "in" ++ +
+ V ; -- one-place verb e.g. "sleep" + V2 ; -- two-place verb e.g. "love" + V3 ; -- three-place verb e.g. "show" + VV ; -- verb-phrase-complement verb e.g. "want" + VS ; -- sentence-complement verb e.g. "claim" + VQ ; -- question-complement verb e.g. "wonder" + VA ; -- adjective-complement verb e.g. "look" + V2V ; -- verb with NP and V complement e.g. "cause" + V2S ; -- verb with NP and S complement e.g. "tell" + V2Q ; -- verb with NP and Q complement e.g. "ask" + V2A ; -- verb with NP and AP complement e.g. "paint" + + A ; -- one-place adjective e.g. "warm" + A2 ; -- two-place adjective e.g. "divisible" + + N ; -- common noun e.g. "house" + N2 ; -- relational noun e.g. "son" + N3 ; -- three-place relational noun e.g. "connection" + PN ; -- proper name e.g. "Paris" ++ +DEPRECATED: QuantSg, QuantPl +- QuantSg ;-- quantifier ('nucleus' of sing. Det) e.g. every +- QuantPl ;-- quantifier ('nucleus' of plur. Det) e.g. many +
+ } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Common.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Common.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0de2f096e --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Common.html @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Common = {
+
+ cat
+
+
++ Text ; -- text consisting of several phrases e.g. "He is here. Why?" ++ +Constructed in [``Phrase`` Phrase.html]: +
+ Phr ; -- phrase in a text e.g. "but be quiet please" + Utt ; -- sentence, question, word... e.g. "be quiet" + Voc ; -- vocative or "please" e.g. "my darling" + PConj ; -- phrase-beginning conjunction e.g. "therefore" + Interj ; -- interjection e.g. "alas" ++ +Constructed in [``Sentence`` Sentence.html]: +
+ SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains" ++ +
+ Adv ; -- verb-phrase-modifying adverb e.g. "in the house" + AdV ; -- adverb directly attached to verb e.g. "always" + AdA ; -- adjective-modifying adverb e.g. "very" + AdN ; -- numeral-modifying adverb e.g. "more than" + IAdv ; -- interrogative adverb e.g. "why" + CAdv ; -- comparative adverb e.g. "more" ++ +
+ Temp ; -- temporal and aspectual features e.g. past anterior + Tense ; -- tense e.g. present, past, future + Pol ; -- polarity e.g. positive, negative + Ant ; -- anteriority e.g. simultaneous, anterior + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..319c78d21 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+
+VP conjunctions are not covered here, because their applicability +depends on language. Some special cases are defined in +[``Extra`` ../abstract/Extra.gf]. +
+ abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
+
+
++ fun + ConjS : Conj -> [S] -> S ; -- "he walks and she runs" + ConjRS : Conj -> [RS] -> RS ; -- "who walks and whose mother runs" + ConjAP : Conj -> [AP] -> AP ; -- "cold and warm" + ConjNP : Conj -> [NP] -> NP ; -- "she or we" + ConjAdv : Conj -> [Adv] -> Adv ; -- "here or there" + ConjIAdv : Conj -> [IAdv] -> IAdv ; -- "where and with whom" + ConjCN : Conj -> [CN] -> CN ; -- "man and woman" ++ +
+ cat
+ [S]{2} ;
+ [RS]{2} ;
+ [Adv]{2} ;
+ [NP]{2} ;
+ [AP]{2} ;
+ [IAdv]{2} ;
+ [CN] {2} ;
+
+
++ -- BaseC : C -> C -> [C] ; -- for C = S, AP, NP, Adv + -- ConsC : C -> [C] -> [C] ; + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Extra.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Extra.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17310f0ab --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Extra.html @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Extra = Cat ** {
+
+ fun
+ GenNP : NP -> Quant ; -- this man's
+ GenIP : IP -> IQuant ; -- whose
+ GenRP : Num -> CN -> RP ; -- whose car
+ ComplBareVS : VS -> S -> VP ; -- know you go
+
+ StrandRelSlash : RP -> ClSlash -> RCl ; -- that he lives in
+ EmptyRelSlash : ClSlash -> RCl ; -- he lives in
+ StrandQuestSlash : IP -> ClSlash -> QCl ; -- whom does John live with
+
+
+VP conjunction, which has different fragments implemented in
+different languages - never a full VP, though.
+
+ cat
+ VPI ;
+ [VPI] {2} ;
+
+ fun
+ MkVPI : VP -> VPI ;
+ ConjVPI : Conj -> [VPI] -> VPI ;
+ ComplVPIVV : VV -> VPI -> VP ;
+
+ -- new 4/12/2009
+ cat
+ VPS ;
+ [VPS] {2} ;
+
+ fun
+ MkVPS : Temp -> Pol -> VP -> VPS ;
+ ConjVPS : Conj -> [VPS] -> VPS ;
+ PredVPS : NP -> VPS -> S ;
+
+ -- 9/4/2010
+
+ fun
+ ProDrop : Pron -> Pron ; -- unstressed subject pronoun becomes []: "(io) sono stanco"
+ ICompAP : AP -> IComp ; -- "how old"
+ IAdvAdv : Adv -> IAdv ; -- "how often"
+
+ CompIQuant : IQuant -> IComp ; -- which (is it) [agreement to NP]
+
+ PrepCN : Prep -> CN -> Adv ; -- by accident [Prep + CN without article]
+
+ -- fronted/focal constructions, only for main clauses
+
+ cat
+ Foc ;
+
+ fun
+ FocObj : NP -> ClSlash -> Foc ; -- her I love
+ FocAdv : Adv -> Cl -> Foc ; -- today I will sleep
+ FocAdV : AdV -> Cl -> Foc ; -- never will I sleep
+ FocAP : AP -> NP -> Foc ; -- green was the tree
+ FocNeg : Cl -> Foc ; -- not is he here
+ FocVP : VP -> NP -> Foc ; -- love her I do
+ FocVV : VV -> VP -> NP -> Foc ; -- to love her I want
+
+ UseFoc : Temp -> Pol -> Foc -> Utt ;
+
+ fun
+ PartVP : VP -> AP ; -- (the man) looking at Mary
+ EmbedPresPart : VP -> SC ; -- looking at Mary (is fun)
+
+
+this is a generalization of Verb.PassV2 and should replace it in the future.
++ PassVPSlash : VPSlash -> VP ; -- be forced to sleep + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Grammar.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Grammar.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec3d6ef70 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Grammar.html @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Grammar = + Noun, + Verb, + Adjective, + Adverb, + Numeral, + Sentence, + Question, + Relative, + Conjunction, + Phrase, + Text, + Structural, + Idiom, + Tense, + Transfer + ; ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Idiom.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Idiom.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30018cefb --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Idiom.html @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Idiom = Cat ** {
+
+
+This module defines constructions that are formed in fixed ways,
+often different even in closely related languages.
++ fun + ImpersCl : VP -> Cl ; -- it is hot + GenericCl : VP -> Cl ; -- one sleeps + + CleftNP : NP -> RS -> Cl ; -- it is I who did it + CleftAdv : Adv -> S -> Cl ; -- it is here she slept + + ExistNP : NP -> Cl ; -- there is a house + ExistIP : IP -> QCl ; -- which houses are there + + ProgrVP : VP -> VP ; -- be sleeping + + ImpPl1 : VP -> Utt ; -- let's go + + ImpP3 : NP -> VP -> Utt ; -- let John walk + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c79a40f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Lang =
+ Grammar,
+ Lexicon
+ ** {
+ flags startcat=Phr ;
+ } ;
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Lexicon.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Lexicon.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb6a6d0ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Lexicon.html
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+
+
+ Produced by
+gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
+(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
+
++
+ +
+ abstract Lexicon = Cat ** {
+ fun
+ add_V3 : V3 ;
+ airplane_N : N ;
+ alas_Interj : Interj ;
+ already_Adv : Adv ;
+ animal_N : N ;
+ answer_V2S : V2S ;
+ apartment_N : N ;
+ apple_N : N ;
+ art_N : N ;
+ ashes_N : N ;
+ ask_V2Q : V2Q ;
+ baby_N : N ;
+ back_N : N ;
+ bad_A : A ;
+ bank_N : N ;
+ bark_N : N ;
+ beautiful_A : A ;
+ become_VA : VA ;
+ beer_N : N ;
+ beg_V2V : V2V ;
+ belly_N : N ;
+ big_A : A ;
+ bike_N : N ;
+ bird_N : N ;
+ bite_V2 : V2 ;
+ black_A : A ;
+ blood_N : N ;
+ blow_V : V ;
+ blue_A : A ;
+ boat_N : N ;
+ bone_N : N ;
+ book_N : N ;
+ boot_N : N ;
+ boss_N : N ;
+ boy_N : N ;
+ bread_N : N ;
+ break_V2 : V2 ;
+ breast_N : N ;
+ breathe_V : V ;
+ broad_A : A ;
+ brother_N2 : N2 ;
+ brown_A : A ;
+ burn_V : V ;
+ butter_N : N ;
+ buy_V2 : V2 ;
+ camera_N : N ;
+ cap_N : N ;
+ car_N : N ;
+ carpet_N : N ;
+ cat_N : N ;
+ ceiling_N : N ;
+ chair_N : N ;
+ cheese_N : N ;
+ child_N : N ;
+ church_N : N ;
+ city_N : N ;
+ clean_A : A ;
+ clever_A : A ;
+ close_V2 : V2 ;
+ cloud_N : N ;
+ coat_N : N ;
+ cold_A : A ;
+ come_V : V ;
+ computer_N : N ;
+ correct_A : A ;
+ country_N : N ;
+ count_V2 : V2 ;
+ cousin_N : N ;
+ cow_N : N ;
+ cut_V2 : V2 ;
+ day_N : N ;
+ die_V : V ;
+ dig_V : V ;
+ dirty_A : A ;
+ distance_N3 : N3 ;
+ doctor_N : N ;
+ dog_N : N ;
+ door_N : N ;
+ do_V2 : V2 ;
+ drink_V2 : V2 ;
+ dry_A : A ;
+ dull_A : A ;
+ dust_N : N ;
+ ear_N : N ;
+ earth_N : N ;
+ easy_A2V : A2 ;
+ eat_V2 : V2 ;
+ egg_N : N ;
+ empty_A : A ;
+ enemy_N : N ;
+ eye_N : N ;
+ factory_N : N ;
+ fall_V : V ;
+ far_Adv : Adv ;
+ father_N2 : N2 ;
+ fat_N : N ;
+ fear_VS : VS ;
+ fear_V2 : V2 ;
+ feather_N : N ;
+ fight_V2 : V2 ;
+ find_V2 : V2 ;
+ fingernail_N : N ;
+ fire_N : N ;
+ fish_N : N ;
+ float_V : V ;
+ floor_N : N ;
+ flower_N : N ;
+ flow_V : V ;
+ fly_V : V ;
+ fog_N : N ;
+ foot_N : N ;
+ forest_N : N ;
+ forget_V2 : V2 ;
+ freeze_V : V ;
+ fridge_N : N ;
+ friend_N : N ;
+ fruit_N : N ;
+ full_A : A ;
+ fun_AV : A ;
+ garden_N : N ;
+ girl_N : N ;
+ give_V3 : V3 ;
+ glove_N : N ;
+ gold_N : N ;
+ good_A : A ;
+ go_V : V ;
+ grammar_N : N ;
+ grass_N : N ;
+ green_A : A ;
+ guts_N : N ;
+ hair_N : N ;
+ hand_N : N ;
+ harbour_N : N ;
+ hate_V2 : V2 ;
+ hat_N : N ;
+ head_N : N ;
+ heart_N : N ;
+ hear_V2 : V2 ;
+ heavy_A : A ;
+ hill_N : N ;
+ hit_V2 : V2 ;
+ hold_V2 : V2 ;
+ hope_VS : VS ;
+ horn_N : N ;
+ horse_N : N ;
+ hot_A : A ;
+ house_N : N ;
+ hunt_V2 : V2 ;
+ husband_N : N ;
+ ice_N : N ;
+ important_A : A ;
+ industry_N : N ;
+ iron_N : N ;
+ john_PN : PN ;
+ jump_V : V ;
+ kill_V2 : V2 ;
+ king_N : N ;
+ knee_N : N ;
+ know_V2 : V2 ;
+ know_VQ : VQ ;
+ know_VS : VS ;
+ lake_N : N ;
+ lamp_N : N ;
+ language_N : N ;
+ laugh_V : V ;
+ leaf_N : N ;
+ learn_V2 : V2 ;
+ leather_N : N ;
+ leave_V2 : V2 ;
+ left_Ord : Ord ;
+ leg_N : N ;
+ lie_V : V ;
+ like_V2 : V2 ;
+ listen_V2 : V2 ;
+ liver_N : N ;
+ live_V : V ;
+ long_A : A ;
+ lose_V2 : V2 ;
+ louse_N : N ;
+ love_N : N ;
+ love_V2 : V2 ;
+ man_N : N ;
+ married_A2 : A2 ;
+ meat_N : N ;
+ milk_N : N ;
+ moon_N : N ;
+ mother_N2 : N2 ;
+ mountain_N : N ;
+ mouth_N : N ;
+ music_N : N ;
+ name_N : N ;
+ narrow_A : A ;
+ near_A : A ;
+ neck_N : N ;
+ new_A : A ;
+ newspaper_N : N ;
+ night_N : N ;
+ nose_N : N ;
+ now_Adv : Adv ;
+ number_N : N ;
+ oil_N : N ;
+ old_A : A ;
+ open_V2 : V2 ;
+ paint_V2A : V2A ;
+ paper_N : N ;
+ paris_PN : PN ;
+ peace_N : N ;
+ pen_N : N ;
+ person_N : N ;
+ planet_N : N ;
+ plastic_N : N ;
+ play_V2 : V2 ;
+ play_V : V ;
+ policeman_N : N ;
+ priest_N : N ;
+ probable_AS : A ;
+ pull_V2 : V2 ;
+ push_V2 : V2 ;
+ put_V2 : V2 ;
+ queen_N : N ;
+ question_N : N ;
+ radio_N : N ;
+ rain_N : N ;
+ rain_V0 : V ;
+ read_V2 : V2 ;
+ ready_A : A ;
+ reason_N : N ;
+ red_A : A ;
+ religion_N : N ;
+ restaurant_N : N ;
+ right_Ord : Ord ;
+ river_N : N ;
+ road_N : N ;
+ rock_N : N ;
+ roof_N : N ;
+ root_N : N ;
+ rope_N : N ;
+ rotten_A : A ;
+ round_A : A ;
+ rubber_N : N ;
+ rub_V2 : V2 ;
+ rule_N : N ;
+ run_V : V ;
+ salt_N : N ;
+ sand_N : N ;
+ say_VS : VS ;
+ school_N : N ;
+ science_N : N ;
+ scratch_V2 : V2 ;
+ sea_N : N ;
+ seed_N : N ;
+ seek_V2 : V2 ;
+ see_V2 : V2 ;
+ sell_V3 : V3 ;
+ send_V3 : V3 ;
+ sew_V : V ;
+ sharp_A : A ;
+ sheep_N : N ;
+ ship_N : N ;
+ shirt_N : N ;
+ shoe_N : N ;
+ shop_N : N ;
+ short_A : A ;
+ silver_N : N ;
+ sing_V : V ;
+ sister_N : N ;
+ sit_V : V ;
+ skin_N : N ;
+ sky_N : N ;
+ sleep_V : V ;
+ small_A : A ;
+ smell_V : V ;
+ smoke_N : N ;
+ smooth_A : A ;
+ snake_N : N ;
+ snow_N : N ;
+ sock_N : N ;
+ song_N : N ;
+ speak_V2 : V2 ;
+ spit_V : V ;
+ split_V2 : V2 ;
+ squeeze_V2 : V2 ;
+ stab_V2 : V2 ;
+ stand_V : V ;
+ star_N : N ;
+ steel_N : N ;
+ stick_N : N ;
+ stone_N : N ;
+ stop_V : V ;
+ stove_N : N ;
+ straight_A : A ;
+ student_N : N ;
+ stupid_A : A ;
+ suck_V2 : V2 ;
+ sun_N : N ;
+ swell_V : V ;
+ swim_V : V ;
+ switch8off_V2 : V2 ;
+ switch8on_V2 : V2 ;
+ table_N : N ;
+ tail_N : N ;
+ talk_V3 : V3 ;
+ teacher_N : N ;
+ teach_V2 : V2 ;
+ television_N : N ;
+ thick_A : A ;
+ thin_A : A ;
+ think_V : V ;
+ throw_V2 : V2 ;
+ tie_V2 : V2 ;
+ today_Adv : Adv ;
+ tongue_N : N ;
+ tooth_N : N ;
+ train_N : N ;
+ travel_V : V ;
+ tree_N : N ;
+ turn_V : V ;
+ ugly_A : A ;
+ uncertain_A : A ;
+ understand_V2 : V2 ;
+ university_N : N ;
+ village_N : N ;
+ vomit_V : V ;
+ wait_V2 : V2 ;
+ walk_V : V ;
+ warm_A : A ;
+ war_N : N ;
+ wash_V2 : V2 ;
+ watch_V2 : V2 ;
+ water_N : N ;
+ wet_A : A ;
+ white_A : A ;
+ wide_A : A ;
+ wife_N : N ;
+ wind_N : N ;
+ window_N : N ;
+ wine_N : N ;
+ wing_N : N ;
+ win_V2 : V2 ;
+ wipe_V2 : V2 ;
+ woman_N : N ;
+ wonder_VQ : VQ ;
+ wood_N : N ;
+ worm_N : N ;
+ write_V2 : V2 ;
+ year_N : N ;
+ yellow_A : A ;
+ young_A : A ;
+
+ }
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a3539a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+
+
+ Produced by
+gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
+(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
+
++
+ abstract Noun = Cat ** {
+
+
++
+
+ fun + DetCN : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- the man + UsePN : PN -> NP ; -- John + UsePron : Pron -> NP ; -- he ++ +Pronouns are defined in the module [``Structural`` Structural.html]. +A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a Predeterminer. +
+ PredetNP : Predet -> NP -> NP; -- only the man ++ +A noun phrase can also be postmodified by the past participle of a +verb, by an adverb, or by a relative clause +
+ PPartNP : NP -> V2 -> NP ; -- the man seen + AdvNP : NP -> Adv -> NP ; -- Paris today + RelNP : NP -> RS -> NP ; -- Paris, which is here ++ +Determiners can form noun phrases directly. +
+ DetNP : Det -> NP ; -- these five ++ +
+ DetQuant : Quant -> Num -> Det ; -- these five + DetQuantOrd : Quant -> Num -> Ord -> Det ; -- these five best ++ +Whether the resulting determiner is singular or plural depends on the +cardinal. +All parts of the determiner can be empty, except Quant, which is +the kernel of a determiner. It is, however, the Num that determines +the inherent number. +
+ NumSg : Num ; + NumPl : Num ; + NumCard : Card -> Num ; ++ +Card consists of either digits or numeral words. +
+ data + NumDigits : Digits -> Card ; -- 51 + NumNumeral : Numeral -> Card ; -- fifty-one ++ +The construction of numerals is defined in [Numeral Numeral.html]. +A Card can be modified by certain adverbs. +
+ fun + AdNum : AdN -> Card -> Card ; -- almost 51 ++ +An Ord consists of either digits or numeral words. +Also superlative forms of adjectives behave syntactically like ordinals. +
+ OrdDigits : Digits -> Ord ; -- 51st + OrdNumeral : Numeral -> Ord ; -- fifty-first + OrdSuperl : A -> Ord ; -- warmest ++ +Definite and indefinite noun phrases are sometimes realized as +neatly distinct words (Spanish un, unos ; el, los) but also without +any particular word (Finnish; Swedish definites). +
+ IndefArt : Quant ; + DefArt : Quant ; ++ +Nouns can be used without an article as mass nouns. The resource does +not distinguish mass nouns from other common nouns, which can result +in semantically odd expressions. +
+ MassNP : CN -> NP ; -- (beer) ++ +Pronouns have possessive forms. Genitives of other kinds +of noun phrases are not given here, since they are not possible +in e.g. Romance languages. They can be found in Extra modules. +
+ PossPron : Pron -> Quant ; -- my (house) ++ +Other determiners are defined in [Structural Structural.html]. +
+ UseN : N -> CN ; -- house ++ +Relational nouns take one or two arguments. +
+ ComplN2 : N2 -> NP -> CN ; -- mother of the king + ComplN3 : N3 -> NP -> N2 ; -- distance from this city (to Paris) ++ +Relational nouns can also be used without their arguments. +The semantics is typically derivative of the relational meaning. +
+ UseN2 : N2 -> CN ; -- mother + Use2N3 : N3 -> N2 ; -- distance (from this city) + Use3N3 : N3 -> N2 ; -- distance (to Paris) ++ +Nouns can be modified by adjectives, relative clauses, and adverbs +(the last rule will give rise to many 'PP attachment' ambiguities +when used in connection with verb phrases). +
+ AdjCN : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- big house + RelCN : CN -> RS -> CN ; -- house that John bought + AdvCN : CN -> Adv -> CN ; -- house on the hill ++ +Nouns can also be modified by embedded sentences and questions. +For some nouns this makes little sense, but we leave this for applications +to decide. Sentential complements are defined in [Verb Verb.html]. +
+ SentCN : CN -> SC -> CN ; -- question where she sleeps ++ +
+ ApposCN : CN -> NP -> CN ; -- city Paris (, numbers x and y) + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7024d0d4a --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+Note 1. Number 1 as defined +in the category Numeral here should not be used in the formation of +noun phrases, and should therefore be removed. Instead, one should use +[Structural Structural.html].one_Quant. This makes the grammar simpler +because we can assume that numbers form plural noun phrases. +
+Note 2. The implementations introduce spaces between +parts of a numeral, which is often incorrect - more work on +(un)lexing is needed to solve this problem. +
+ abstract Numeral = Cat [Numeral,Digits] ** {
+
+ cat
+ Digit ; -- 2..9
+ Sub10 ; -- 1..9
+ Sub100 ; -- 1..99
+ Sub1000 ; -- 1..999
+ Sub1000000 ; -- 1..999999
+
+ data
+ num : Sub1000000 -> Numeral ;
+
+ n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n7, n8, n9 : Digit ;
+
+ pot01 : Sub10 ; -- 1
+ pot0 : Digit -> Sub10 ; -- d * 1
+ pot110 : Sub100 ; -- 10
+ pot111 : Sub100 ; -- 11
+ pot1to19 : Digit -> Sub100 ; -- 10 + d
+ pot0as1 : Sub10 -> Sub100 ; -- coercion of 1..9
+ pot1 : Digit -> Sub100 ; -- d * 10
+ pot1plus : Digit -> Sub10 -> Sub100 ; -- d * 10 + n
+ pot1as2 : Sub100 -> Sub1000 ; -- coercion of 1..99
+ pot2 : Sub10 -> Sub1000 ; -- m * 100
+ pot2plus : Sub10 -> Sub100 -> Sub1000 ; -- m * 100 + n
+ pot2as3 : Sub1000 -> Sub1000000 ; -- coercion of 1..999
+ pot3 : Sub1000 -> Sub1000000 ; -- m * 1000
+ pot3plus : Sub1000 -> Sub1000 -> Sub1000000 ; -- m * 1000 + n
+
+
+Numerals as sequences of digits have a separate, simpler grammar
++ cat + Dig ; -- single digit 0..9 + + data + IDig : Dig -> Digits ; -- 8 + IIDig : Dig -> Digits -> Digits ; -- 876 + + D_0, D_1, D_2, D_3, D_4, D_5, D_6, D_7, D_8, D_9 : Dig ; + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc26184bd --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Phrase = Cat ** {
+
+
+When a phrase is built from an utterance it can be prefixed
+with a phrasal conjunction (such as but, therefore)
+and suffixing with a vocative (typically a noun phrase).
++ fun + PhrUtt : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr ; -- but come here, my friend ++ +Utterances are formed from sentences, questions, and imperatives. +
+ UttS : S -> Utt ; -- John walks + UttQS : QS -> Utt ; -- is it good + UttImpSg : Pol -> Imp -> Utt; -- (don't) love yourself + UttImpPl : Pol -> Imp -> Utt; -- (don't) love yourselves + UttImpPol : Pol -> Imp -> Utt ; -- (don't) sleep (polite) ++ +There are also 'one-word utterances'. A typical use of them is +as answers to questions. +Note. This list is incomplete. More categories could be covered. +Moreover, in many languages e.g. noun phrases in different cases +can be used. +
+ UttIP : IP -> Utt ; -- who + UttIAdv : IAdv -> Utt ; -- why + UttNP : NP -> Utt ; -- this man + UttAdv : Adv -> Utt ; -- here + UttVP : VP -> Utt ; -- to sleep + UttCN : CN -> Utt ; -- house + UttCard : Card -> Utt ; -- five + UttAP : AP -> Utt ; -- fine + UttInterj : Interj -> Utt ; -- alas ++ +The phrasal conjunction is optional. A sentence conjunction +can also be used to prefix an utterance. +
+ NoPConj : PConj ; + PConjConj : Conj -> PConj ; -- and ++ +The vocative is optional. Any noun phrase can be made into vocative, +which may be overgenerating (e.g. I). +
+ NoVoc : Voc ; + VocNP : NP -> Voc ; -- my friend + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Question.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Question.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b1e641ab --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Question.html @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Question = Cat ** {
+
+
+A question can be formed from a clause ('yes-no question') or
+with an interrogative.
++ fun + QuestCl : Cl -> QCl ; -- does John walk + QuestVP : IP -> VP -> QCl ; -- who walks + QuestSlash : IP -> ClSlash -> QCl ; -- whom does John love + QuestIAdv : IAdv -> Cl -> QCl ; -- why does John walk + QuestIComp : IComp -> NP -> QCl ; -- where is John ++ +Interrogative pronouns can be formed with interrogative +determiners, with or without a noun. +
+ IdetCN : IDet -> CN -> IP ; -- which five songs + IdetIP : IDet -> IP ; -- which five ++ +They can be modified with adverbs. +
+ AdvIP : IP -> Adv -> IP ; -- who in Paris ++ +Interrogative quantifiers have number forms and can take number modifiers. +
+ IdetQuant : IQuant -> Num -> IDet ; -- which (five) ++ +Interrogative adverbs can be formed prepositionally. +
+ PrepIP : Prep -> IP -> IAdv ; -- with whom ++ +They can be modified with other adverbs. +
+ AdvIAdv : IAdv -> Adv -> IAdv ; -- where in Paris ++ +Interrogative complements to copulas can be both adverbs and +pronouns. +
+ CompIAdv : IAdv -> IComp ; -- where (is it) + CompIP : IP -> IComp ; -- who (is it) ++ +More IP, IDet, and IAdv are defined in Structural. +Wh questions with two or more question words require a new, special category. +
+ cat + QVP ; -- buy what where + fun + ComplSlashIP : VPSlash -> IP -> QVP ; -- buys what + AdvQVP : VP -> IAdv -> QVP ; -- lives where + AddAdvQVP : QVP -> IAdv -> QVP ; -- buys what where + + QuestQVP : IP -> QVP -> QCl ; -- who buys what where + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7367e10ed --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Relative = Cat ** {
+
+ fun
+
+
+The simplest way to form a relative clause is from a clause by
+a pronoun similar to such that.
++ RelCl : Cl -> RCl ; -- such that John loves her ++ +The more proper ways are from a verb phrase +(formed in [``Verb`` Verb.html]) or a sentence +with a missing noun phrase (formed in [``Sentence`` Sentence.html]). +
+ RelVP : RP -> VP -> RCl ; -- who loves John + RelSlash : RP -> ClSlash -> RCl ; -- whom John loves ++ +Relative pronouns are formed from an 'identity element' by prefixing +or suffixing (depending on language) prepositional phrases or genitives. +
+ IdRP : RP ; -- which + FunRP : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP ; -- the mother of whom + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9947916e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
+
+
++ data + PredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ; -- John walks ++ +Using an embedded sentence as a subject is treated separately. +This can be overgenerating. E.g. whether you go as subject +is only meaningful for some verb phrases. +
+ PredSCVP : SC -> VP -> Cl ; -- that she goes is good ++ +
+ SlashVP : NP -> VPSlash -> ClSlash ; -- (whom) he sees + AdvSlash : ClSlash -> Adv -> ClSlash ; -- (whom) he sees today + SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> ClSlash ; -- (with whom) he walks + SlashVS : NP -> VS -> SSlash -> ClSlash ; -- (whom) she says that he loves ++ +
+ ImpVP : VP -> Imp ; -- love yourselves ++ +
+ EmbedS : S -> SC ; -- that she goes + EmbedQS : QS -> SC ; -- who goes + EmbedVP : VP -> SC ; -- to go ++ +
+ fun + UseCl : Temp -> Pol -> Cl -> S ; + UseQCl : Temp -> Pol -> QCl -> QS ; + UseRCl : Temp -> Pol -> RCl -> RS ; + UseSlash : Temp -> Pol -> ClSlash -> SSlash ; ++ +An adverb can be added to the beginning of a sentence, either with comma (externally) +or without: +
+ AdvS : Adv -> S -> S ; -- then I will go home + ExtAdvS : Adv -> S -> S ; -- next week, I will go home ++ +This covers subjunctive clauses, but they can also be added to the end. +
+ SSubjS : S -> Subj -> S -> S ; -- I go home if she comes ++ +A sentence can be modified by a relative clause referring to its contents. +
+ RelS : S -> RS -> S ; -- she sleeps, which is good ++ +-- A sentence can also be post-modified by a subjunct sentence. +-- ModSubjS : S -> Subj -> S -> S ; -- she sleeps, because she is old +-- cf. Adverb.SubjS +
+ } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8db99f12 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Structural = Cat ** {
+
+ fun
+
+
+This is an alphabetical list of structural words
++ above_Prep : Prep ; + after_Prep : Prep ; + all_Predet : Predet ; + almost_AdA : AdA ; + almost_AdN : AdN ; + although_Subj : Subj ; + always_AdV : AdV ; + and_Conj : Conj ; + because_Subj : Subj ; + before_Prep : Prep ; + behind_Prep : Prep ; + between_Prep : Prep ; + both7and_DConj : Conj ; -- both...and ++ +-b both7and_DConj : DConj ; +
+ but_PConj : PConj ; + by8agent_Prep : Prep ; -- by (agent) + by8means_Prep : Prep ; -- by (means of) + can8know_VV : VV ; -- can (capacity) + can_VV : VV ; -- can (possibility) + during_Prep : Prep ; + either7or_DConj : Conj ; -- either...or ++ +-b either7or_DConj : DConj ; +
+ every_Det : Det ; + everybody_NP : NP ; -- everybody + everything_NP : NP ; + everywhere_Adv : Adv ; ++ +- first_Ord : Ord ; DEPRECATED +
+ few_Det : Det ; + for_Prep : Prep ; + from_Prep : Prep ; + he_Pron : Pron ; + here_Adv : Adv ; + here7to_Adv : Adv ; -- to here + here7from_Adv : Adv ; -- from here + how_IAdv : IAdv ; + how8many_IDet : IDet ; + how8much_IAdv : IAdv ; + i_Pron : Pron ; + if_Subj : Subj ; + in8front_Prep : Prep ; -- in front of + in_Prep : Prep ; + it_Pron : Pron ; + less_CAdv : CAdv ; + many_Det : Det ; + more_CAdv : CAdv ; + most_Predet : Predet ; + much_Det : Det ; + must_VV : VV ; ++ +-b no_Phr : Phr ; +
+ no_Utt : Utt ; + on_Prep : Prep ; ++ +- one_Quant : QuantSg ; DEPRECATED +
+ only_Predet : Predet ; + or_Conj : Conj ; + otherwise_PConj : PConj ; + part_Prep : Prep ; + please_Voc : Voc ; + possess_Prep : Prep ; -- of (possessive) + quite_Adv : AdA ; + she_Pron : Pron ; + so_AdA : AdA ; + someSg_Det : Det ; + somePl_Det : Det ; + somebody_NP : NP ; + something_NP : NP ; + somewhere_Adv : Adv ; + that_Quant : Quant ; + that_Subj : Subj ; + there_Adv : Adv ; + there7to_Adv : Adv ; -- to there + there7from_Adv : Adv ; -- from there + therefore_PConj : PConj ; + they_Pron : Pron ; + this_Quant : Quant ; + through_Prep : Prep ; + to_Prep : Prep ; + too_AdA : AdA ; + under_Prep : Prep ; + very_AdA : AdA ; + want_VV : VV ; + we_Pron : Pron ; + whatPl_IP : IP ; -- what (plural) + whatSg_IP : IP ; -- what (singular) + when_IAdv : IAdv ; + when_Subj : Subj ; + where_IAdv : IAdv ; + which_IQuant : IQuant ; + whoPl_IP : IP ; -- who (plural) + whoSg_IP : IP ; -- who (singular) + why_IAdv : IAdv ; + with_Prep : Prep ; + without_Prep : Prep ; ++ +-b yes_Phr : Phr ; +
+ yes_Utt : Utt ; + youSg_Pron : Pron ; -- you (singular) + youPl_Pron : Pron ; -- you (plural) + youPol_Pron : Pron ; -- you (polite) + + no_Quant : Quant ; + not_Predet : Predet ; + if_then_Conj : Conj ; + at_least_AdN : AdN ; + at_most_AdN : AdN ; + nobody_NP : NP ; + nothing_NP : NP ; + except_Prep : Prep ; + + as_CAdv : CAdv ; + + have_V2 : V2 ; + + fun language_title_Utt : Utt ; + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Symbol.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Symbol.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4ba4d5b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Symbol.html @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Symbol = Cat, PredefAbs ** {
+
+
++ fun + + SymbPN : Symb -> PN ; -- x + IntPN : Int -> PN ; -- 27 + FloatPN : Float -> PN ; -- 3.14159 + NumPN : Card -> PN ; + CNNumNP : CN -> Card -> NP ; -- level five ; level 5 + CNSymbNP : Det -> CN -> [Symb] -> NP ; -- (the) (2) numbers x and y ++ +
+ SymbS : Symb -> S ; -- A ++ +
+ SymbNum : Symb -> Card ; -- n + SymbOrd : Symb -> Ord ; -- n'th ++ +
+ cat
+ Symb ;
+ [Symb]{2} ;
+
+ fun
+ MkSymb : String -> Symb ;
+
+
++ CNIntNP : CN -> Int -> NP ; -- level 53 (covered by CNNumNP) + + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..904d241d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + Produced by +gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. +(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL. + +
+
+ abstract Tense = Common ** {
+
+ fun
+ TTAnt : Tense -> Ant -> Temp ;
+
+ PPos, PNeg : Pol ; -- I sleep/don't sleep
+
+ TPres : Tense ;
+ ASimul : Ant ;
+ TPast, TFut, TCond : Tense ; -- I slept/will sleep/would sleep --# notpresent
+ AAnter : Ant ; -- I have slept --# notpresent
+ }
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Text.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Text.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4753a6eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Text.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+
+ Produced by
+gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
+(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
+
++
+ abstract Text = Common ** {
+
+ fun
+ TEmpty : Text ; --
+ TFullStop : Phr -> Text -> Text ; -- John walks. ...
+ TQuestMark : Phr -> Text -> Text ; -- Are they here? ...
+ TExclMark : Phr -> Text -> Text ; -- Let's go! ...
+
+ }
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea22a824b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+
+
+ Produced by
+gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
+(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
+
++
+ abstract Verb = Cat ** {
+
+ flags coding = utf8 ;
+
+
++ data + UseV : V -> VP ; -- sleep + + ComplVV : VV -> VP -> VP ; -- want to run + ComplVS : VS -> S -> VP ; -- say that she runs + ComplVQ : VQ -> QS -> VP ; -- wonder who runs + ComplVA : VA -> AP -> VP ; -- they become red + + SlashV2a : V2 -> VPSlash ; -- love (it) + Slash2V3 : V3 -> NP -> VPSlash ; -- give it (to her) + Slash3V3 : V3 -> NP -> VPSlash ; -- give (it) to her + + SlashV2V : V2V -> VP -> VPSlash ; -- beg (her) to go + SlashV2S : V2S -> S -> VPSlash ; -- answer (to him) that it is good + SlashV2Q : V2Q -> QS -> VPSlash ; -- ask (him) who came + SlashV2A : V2A -> AP -> VPSlash ; -- paint (it) red + + ComplSlash : VPSlash -> NP -> VP ; -- love it + + SlashVV : VV -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- want to buy + SlashV2VNP : V2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- beg me to buy ++ +
+ ReflVP : VPSlash -> VP ; -- love himself + UseComp : Comp -> VP ; -- be warm ++ +Passivization of two-place verbs is another way to use +them. In many languages, the result is a participle that +is used as complement to a copula (is used), but other +auxiliary verbs are possible (Ger. wird angewendet, It. +viene usato), as well as special verb forms (Fin. käytetään, +Swe. används). +
+Note. the rule can be overgenerating, since the V2 need not +take a direct object. +
+ PassV2 : V2 -> VP ; -- be loved ++ +Adverbs can be added to verb phrases. Many languages make +a distinction between adverbs that are attached in the end +vs. next to (or before) the verb. +
+ AdvVP : VP -> Adv -> VP ; -- sleep here + AdVVP : AdV -> VP -> VP ; -- always sleep + + AdvVPSlash : VPSlash -> Adv -> VPSlash ; -- use (it) here + AdVVPSlash : AdV -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- always use (it) ++ +Agents of passives are constructed as adverbs with the +preposition [Structural Structural.html].8agent_Prep. +
+ CompAP : AP -> Comp ; -- (be) small + CompNP : NP -> Comp ; -- (be) the man + CompAdv : Adv -> Comp ; -- (be) here + CompCN : CN -> Comp ; -- (be) a man/men ++ +Copula alone +
+ UseCopula : VP ; -- be + } ++ + + diff --git a/lib/doc/gfdoc/sources.html b/lib/doc/gfdoc/sources.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8cf40a006 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/doc/gfdoc/sources.html @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + + +
+These modules give language-specific extra constructs not available via the common API. +
++common repository +Romance (Cat, Fre, Ita, Spa) +Scandinavian (Dan, Nor, Swe) +
++Afrikaans +Bulgarian +Catalan +Danish +Dutch +English +Finnish +French +German +Italian +Norwegian +Persian +Polish +Punjabi +Romanian +Russian +Spanish +Swedish +
+ ++These modules give lists of irregular words, mostly verbs. Their completeness varies. +
++Catalan +Danish +Dutch +English +French +German +Norwegian +Spanish +Swedish +Turkish +
+ ++These morphological dictionaries are extracted from open source lexica by using the resource grammar paradigms. The figures give the approximate number of lemmas. +
++Bulgarian 53k +English 43k +Finnish 42k +French 92k +Swedish 43k +Turkish 24k +
+ ++These modules are for internal use of resource grammarians, but the comments give some more linguistic explanation of the different constructs. +
+ +| module | +contents | +
|---|---|
| Adjective | +constructors for A, AP | +
| Adverb | +constructors for Adv, AdV | +
| Cat | +lincats of all categories | +
| Common | +default lincats for string categories | +
| Conjunction | +coordination rules | +
| Extra | +constructs available in some languages only | +
| Grammar | +everything except content lexicon | +
| Idiom | +idiomatic constructions | +
| Lang | +everything (Grammar and Lexicon) | +
| Lexicon | +content word lexicon | +
| Noun | +constructors for NP, CN, Det | +
| Numeral | +constructors for Numeral and Digits | +
| Phrase | +constructors for Phr, Utt | +
| Question | +constructors for QS, QCl, IP | +
| Relative | +constructors for RS, RCl, RP | +
| Sentence | +constructors for S, Cl, SC | +
| Structural | +structural word lexicon | +
| Symbol | +mixtures of verbal and symbolic expressions | +
| Tense | +common API tense system | +
| Text | +constructors for Tex | +
| Verb | +constructors for VP, VPSlash, Comp | +
+
+
-Many examples in Chapter 2 can be seen in multiple languages by hovering the -mouse over the example, as shown in the following screenshot: -
-
-
-
Other relevant documents:
status.html: the current status of different languages
++Many examples in Chapter 2 can be seen in multiple languages by hovering the +mouse over the example, as shown in the following screenshot: +
+
+
+