diff --git a/lib/index.html b/lib/index.html index dcfd73e6e..115d416b0 100644 --- a/lib/index.html +++ b/lib/index.html @@ -7,20 +7,9 @@

GF Grammar Libraries

Author: Aarne Ranta <aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se>
-Last update: Fri Mar 10 11:32:28 2006 +Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:05 2006
-

-
-

- - -

-
-

One of the main ideas of GF @@ -31,7 +20,6 @@ can be reused in new grammars. The slides Grammars as Software Libraries give some introduction to this idea.

-

The resource grammar library

This library covers basic linguistic structures of @@ -39,17 +27,15 @@ different languages.

Version 1.0 (still beta, but already recommended). -Covers English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, -Spanish, and Swedish. +Covers Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, +Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.

-Version 0.9 (current "official" version). -Also covers Danish and Russian, but not German. +Version 0.9.

Version 0.6. Old version with 7 languages.

-

The prelude library

The prelude @@ -68,6 +54,6 @@ of predefined (hard-coded) functions. for strings, tables, records, booleans.

- - + + diff --git a/lib/index.txt b/lib/index.txt index 0f89cebb6..4cb5eb2c1 100644 --- a/lib/index.txt +++ b/lib/index.txt @@ -25,11 +25,10 @@ This library covers basic linguistic structures of different languages. [Version 1.0 resource-1.0/doc] (still beta, but already recommended). -Covers English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, -Spanish, and Swedish. +Covers Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, +Russian, Spanish, and Swedish. -[Version 0.9 resource/] (current "official" version). -Also covers Danish and Russian, but not German. +[Version 0.9 resource/]. [Version 0.6 resource-0.6/]. Old version with 7 languages. diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html index 46ab75d4b..3390385ed 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@

Adjectives and adjectival phrases

Author:
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:10 2006 +Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:26 2006

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html index 80807eca4..11f990240 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@

Adverbs and adverbial phrases

Author:
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:10 2006 +Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:26 2006

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html index a6e6b18f4..ae42193f6 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@

The category system

Author:
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:11 2006 +Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:27 2006

@@ -39,7 +39,24 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

The category system

+The category system is central to the library in the sense +that the other modules (Adjective, Adverb, Noun, Verb etc) +communicate through it. This means that a e.g. a function using +NPs in Verb need not know how NPs are constructed in Noun: +it is enough that both Verb and Noun use the same type NP, +which is given here in Cat. +

+

Some categories are inherited from Common. +The reason they are defined there is that they have the same +implementation in all languages in the resource (typically, +just a string). These categories are +AdA, AdN, AdV, Adv, Ant, CAdv, IAdv, PConj, Phr, +Pol, SC, Tense, Text, Utt, Voc. +

+

+Moreover, the list categories ListAdv, ListAP, ListNP, ListS +are defined on Conjunction and only used locally there. 

     abstract Cat = Common ** {
@@ -154,7 +171,8 @@ Constructed in Structural.
 
 
Words of open classes

 

-These are constructed in Lexicon and in additional lexicon modules.
+These are constructed in Lexicon and in 
+additional lexicon modules.
 

 
         V ;     -- one-place verb                      e.g. "sleep" 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Common.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Common.html
index efd59e61d..18b7fb7cd 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Common.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Common.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Infrastructure with common implementations.

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:11 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:27 2006
 

 
 

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 
Infrastructure with common implementations.

 

 This module defines the categories that uniformly have the linearization
-{s : Str} in all languages. They are given lock fields that guarantee
-grammatical correctness via type checking.
+{s : Str} in all languages. 
 Moreover, this module defines the abstract parameters of tense, polarity, and
 anteriority, which are used in Phrase to generate different
 forms of sentences. Together they give 2 x 4 x 4 = 16 sentence forms.
@@ -92,12 +91,12 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in Structural.
         Ant ;   -- anteriority: simultaneous, anterior
     
       fun
-        PPos, PNeg : Pol ;             -- I sleep/don't sleep
+        PPos, PNeg : Pol ;           -- I sleep/don't sleep
     
         TPres  : Tense ;                
         ASimul : Ant ;
-        TPast, TFut, TCond : Tense ;   -- I slept/will sleep/would sleep --# notpresent
-        AAnter : Ant ;                 -- I have slept                   --# notpresent
+        TPast, TFut, TCond : Tense ; -- I slept/will sleep/would sleep --# notpresent
+        AAnter : Ant ;               -- I have slept                   --# notpresent
     
     }
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html
index 9e0fa7cd1..5e4eeb09b 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Coordination

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:11 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:27 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Idiom.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Idiom.html
index 6d5f63870..de3fc5742 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Idiom.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Idiom.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Idiomatic expressions

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:11 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:27 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html
index da91fae44..3d070a613 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 The Main Module of the Resource Grammar

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:11 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:27 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Mathematical.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Mathematical.html
index ee27e8243..5102dc027 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Mathematical.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Mathematical.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 The Mathematics API to the Resource Grammar

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:15 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:31 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Multi.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Multi.html
index a5cb12010..ba5b63939 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Multi.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Multi.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Multimodal additions to the resource grammar library

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:16 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:32 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html
index 3c3bb0cee..953812c3c 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:12 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:28 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html
index 07416af2e..d35483775 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Numerals

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:12 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:28 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDan.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDan.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baf5be39d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDan.html
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+

+

+  
+
+

+

+

+

+Author: 
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:30 2006
+

+

+Produced by 
+gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
+(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
+

+

+==
+

+

+# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+

+
+
Danish Lexical Paradigms

+

+Aarne Ranta 2003
+

+

+This is an API to the user of the resource grammar 
+for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
+expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+

+

+Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+accessed through the resource syntax API, Structural.gf. 
+

+

+The main difference with MorphoDan.gf is that the types
+referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
+than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
+

+

+The structure of functions for each word class C is the following:
+first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
+regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function mkC, which serves as an
+escape to construct the most irregular words of type C.
+However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
+separate module IrregularEng, which covers all irregularly inflected
+words.
+

+
+    resource ParadigmsDan = 
+      open 
+        (Predef=Predef), 
+        Prelude, 
+        CommonScand, 
+        ResDan, 
+        MorphoDan, 
+        CatDan in {
+

+

+
+
Parameters

+

+To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+

+
+    oper
+      Gender : Type ; 
+    
+      utrum   : Gender ;
+      neutrum : Gender ;
+

+

+

+To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+

+
+      Number : Type ; 
+    
+      singular : Number ;
+      plural   : Number ;
+

+

+

+To abstract over case names, we define the following.
+

+
+      Case : Type ;
+    
+      nominative : Case ;
+      genitive   : Case ;
+

+

+

+Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
+

+
+      Preposition : Type = Str ;
+

+

+
+
Nouns

+

+Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
+last letter of the second form (if n, then utrum, otherwise neutrum).
+

+
+      mkN  : (dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> N ;
+

+

+

+The regular function takes the singular indefinite form
+and computes the other forms and the gender by a heuristic.
+The heuristic is that all nouns are utrum with the
+plural ending er///r//.
+

+
+      regN : Str -> N ;
+

+

+

+Giving gender manually makes the heuristic more reliable.
+

+
+      regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
+

+

+

+This function takes the singular indefinite and definite forms; the
+gender is computed from the definite form.
+

+
+      mk2N : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ;
+

+

+

+This function takes the singular indefinite and definite and the plural
+indefinite
+

+
+      mk3N : (bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N ;
+

+

+
+
Compound nouns

+

+All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns,
+such as fotboll. 
+

+
+
Relational nouns

+

+Relational nouns (daughter of x) need a preposition. 
+

+
+      mkN2 : N -> Preposition -> N2 ;
+

+

+

+The most common preposition is av, and the following is a
+shortcut for regular, nonhuman relational nouns with av.
+

+
+      regN2 : Str -> Gender -> N2 ;
+

+

+

+Use the function mkPreposition or see the section on prepositions below to  
+form other prepositions.
+

+

+Three-place relational nouns (the connection from x to y) need two prepositions.
+

+
+      mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
+

+

+
+
Relational common noun phrases

+

+In some cases, you may want to make a complex CN into a
+relational noun (e.g. the old town hall of). However, N2 and
+N3 are purely lexical categories. But you can use the AdvCN
+and PrepNP constructions to build phrases like this.
+

+
+
Proper names and noun phrases

+

+Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
+

+
+      regPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;          -- John, John's
+

+

+

+Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. Bank.
+

+
+      nounPN : N -> PN ;
+

+

+

+To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular
+genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
+

+
+      mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ; 
+

+

+
+
Adjectives

+

+Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms: 
+

+
+      mkA : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A ;
+

+

+

+For regular adjectives, the other forms are derived. 
+

+
+      regA : Str -> A ;
+

+

+

+In most cases, two forms are enough.
+

+
+      mk2A : (stor,stort : Str) -> A ;
+

+

+
+
Two-place adjectives

+

+Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
+

+
+      mkA2 : A -> Preposition -> A2 ;
+

+

+

+Comparison adjectives may need as many as five forms. 
+

+
+      mkADeg : (stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A ;
+

+

+

+The regular pattern works for many adjectives, e.g. those ending
+with ig.
+

+
+      regADeg : Str -> A ;
+

+

+

+Just the comparison forms can be irregular.
+

+
+      irregADeg : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ;
+

+

+

+Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular.
+

+
+      mk3ADeg : (galen,galet,galna : Str) -> A ;
+      mk2ADeg : (bred,bredt        : Str) -> A ;
+

+

+

+If comparison is formed by mer, //mest, as in general for//
+long adjective, the following pattern is used:
+

+
+      compoundADeg : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
+

+

+
+
Adverbs

+

+Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
+after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. always).
+

+
+      mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+      mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
+

+

+

+Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
+

+
+      mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
+

+

+
+
Prepositions

+

+A preposition is just a string.
+

+
+      mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
+

+

+
+
Verbs

+

+The worst case needs six forms.
+

+
+      mkV : (spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V ;
+

+

+

+The 'regular verb' function is the first conjugation.
+

+
+      regV : (snakke : Str) -> V ;
+

+

+

+The almost regular verb function needs the infinitive and the preteritum.
+

+
+      mk2V : (leve,levde : Str) -> V ;
+

+

+

+There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module IrregDan.
+In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
+

+
+      irregV : (drikke, drakk, drukket  : Str) -> V ;
+

+

+
+
Verbs with //vζre// as auxiliary

+

+By default, the auxiliary is have. This function changes it to vζre.
+

+
+      vaereV : V -> V ;
+

+

+
+
Verbs with a particle

+

+The particle, such as in switch on, is given as a string.
+

+
+      partV  : V -> Str -> V ;
+

+

+
+
Deponent verbs

+

+Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. hoppas, some as
+reflexive e.g. εngra sig.
+

+
+      depV  : V -> V ;
+      reflV : V -> V ;
+

+

+
+
Two-place verbs

+

+Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
+(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the V.
+

+
+      mkV2  : V -> Preposition -> V2 ;
+    
+      dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
+

+

+
+
Three-place verbs

+

+Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
+the first one or both can be absent.
+

+
+      mkV3     : V -> Str -> Str -> V3 ;    -- speak, with, about
+      dirV3    : V -> Str -> V3 ;           -- give,_,to
+      dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ;                  -- give,_,_
+

+

+
+
Other complement patterns

+

+Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
+questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
+

+
+      mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+      mkVS  : V -> VS ;
+      mkV2S : V -> Str -> V2S ;
+      mkVV  : V -> VV ;
+      mkV2V : V -> Str -> Str -> V2V ;
+      mkVA  : V -> VA ;
+      mkV2A : V -> Str -> V2A ;
+      mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
+      mkV2Q : V -> Str -> V2Q ;
+    
+      mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+      mkA2S : A -> Str -> A2S ;
+      mkAV  : A -> AV ;
+      mkA2V : A -> Str -> A2V ;
+

+

+

+Notice: categories V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q are in v 1.0 treated
+just as synonyms of V2, and the second argument is given
+as an adverb. Likewise AS, A2S, AV, A2V are just A.
+V0 is just V.
+

+
+      V0, V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q : Type ;
+      AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
+

+

+
+
Definitions of the paradigms

+

+The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+hidden from the document.
+

+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html
index 9e6bf16ec..afea1ca3a 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:14 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:30 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFin.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFin.html
index 46faa2407..7f979992c 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFin.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFin.html
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:14 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:30 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFre.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFre.html
index 318c25a22..adaf9a0d9 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFre.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFre.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:14 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:30 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html
index 06a48d004..fafd783f2 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:14 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:30 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsIta.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsIta.html
index 2a0a896b2..2ffca938b 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsIta.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsIta.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:15 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:30 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsNor.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsNor.html
index 5fc3fe944..1adafbdf1 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsNor.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsNor.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:15 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:31 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsRus.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsRus.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0352f2dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsRus.html
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+

+

+  
+
+

+

+

+

+Author: 
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:31 2006
+

+

+Produced by 
+gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
+(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
+

+

+==
+

+

+# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common
+

+
+
Russian Lexical Paradigms

+

+Janna Khegai 2003--2005
+

+

+This is an API to the user of the resource grammar 
+for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
+expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+

+

+Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+accessed through the resource syntax API, Structural.gf. 
+

+

+The main difference with MorphoEng.gf is that the types
+referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
+than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
+

+

+The structure of functions for each word class C is the following:
+first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
+regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function mkC, which serves as an
+escape to construct the most irregular words of type C.
+However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
+separate module IrregularEng, which covers all irregularly inflected
+words.
+

+

+The following modules are presupposed:
+

+
+    resource ParadigmsRus = open 
+      (Predef=Predef), 
+      Prelude, 
+      MorphoRus,
+      CatRus,
+      NounRus
+      in {
+    
+    flags  coding=utf8 ;
+

+

+
+
Parameters

+

+To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+

+
+    oper
+      Gender : Type ;
+      masculine : Gender ;
+      feminine  : Gender ;
+      neuter    : Gender ;
+

+

+

+To abstract over case names, we define the following.
+

+
+      Case : Type ;
+    
+      nominative    : Case ;
+      genitive      : Case ;
+      dative        : Case ;
+      accusative    : Case ; 
+      instructive   : Case ;
+      prepositional : Case ;
+

+

+

+In some (written in English) textbooks accusative case 
+is put on the second place. However, we follow the case order 
+standard for Russian textbooks.
+To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+

+
+      Number : Type ;
+    
+      singular : Number ;
+      plural   : Number ;
+

+

+
+
Nouns

+

+Best case: indeclinabe nouns: ΠΊΠΎΡ„Π΅, ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΎ, Π’Π£Π—.
+

+
+      Animacy: Type ; 
+    
+      animate: Animacy;
+      inanimate: Animacy; 
+    
+       mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ; 
+

+

+

+Worst case - give six singular forms:
+Nominative, Genetive, Dative, Accusative, Instructive and Prepositional;
+corresponding six plural forms and the gender.
+May be the number of forms needed can be reduced, 
+but this requires a separate investigation.
+Animacy parameter (determining whether the Accusative form is equal 
+to the Nominative or the Genetive one) is actually of no help, 
+since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.
+

+
+      mkN  : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N ; 
+    
+         -- ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅
+         -- ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΡƒΠΆΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ…
+

+

+

+Here are some common patterns. The list is far from complete.
+Feminine patterns.
+

+
+      nMashina   : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-а", Inst -"машин-ой"
+      nEdinica   : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-Π°", Inst -"Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†-Π΅ΠΉ"
+      nZhenchina : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, animate, ending with "-a"
+      nNoga      : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "Π³_ΠΊ_Ρ…-a"
+      nMalyariya  : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ия"   
+      nTetya     : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, animate, ending with "-я"   
+      nBol       : Str -> N ;    -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ь"(soft sign)     
+

+

+

+Neuter patterns. 
+

+
+      nObezbolivauchee : Str -> N ;   -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-ee" 
+      nProizvedenie : Str -> N ;   -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-e" 
+      nChislo : Str -> N ;   -- neutral, inanimate, ending with "-o" 
+      nZhivotnoe : Str -> N ;    -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-Снь"
+

+

+

+Masculine patterns. 
+Ending with consonant: 
+

+
+    nPepel : Str -> N ;    -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-Π΅Π»"- "ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏ-Π»Π°"
+    
+      nBrat: Str -> N ;   -- animate, Π±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚-ья
+      nStul: Str -> N ;    -- same as above, but inanimate
+      nMalush : Str -> N ; -- ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉ
+      nPotolok : Str -> N ; -- ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ»-ΠΎΠΊ - ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ»-ΠΊΠ°
+    
+     -- the next four differ in plural nominative and/or accusative form(s) :
+      nBank: Str -> N ;    -- Π±Π°Π½ΠΊ-ΠΈ (Nom=Acc)
+      nStomatolog : Str -> N ;  -- same as above, but animate
+      nAdres     : Str -> N ;     -- адрСс-Π° (Nom=Acc)
+      nTelefon   : Str -> N ;     -- Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΠ½-Ρ‹ (Nom=Acc)
+    
+      nNol       : Str -> N ;    -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ь" (soft sign)
+      nUroven    : Str -> N ;    -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-Снь"
+

+

+

+Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common is with Genitive.
+

+
+      mkFun  : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
+      mkN2 : N -> N2 ;
+      mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+

+

+

+Proper names.
+

+
+      mkPN  : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN ;          -- "Иван", "Маша"
+      nounPN : N -> PN ;
+

+

+

+On the top level, it is maybe CN that is used rather than N, and
+NP rather than PN.
+

+
+      mkCN  : N -> CN ;
+      mkNP  : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> NP ;
+

+

+
+
Adjectives

+

+Non-comparison (only positive degree) one-place adjectives need 28 (4 by 7)
+forms in the worst case:
+Masculine  | Feminine | Neutral | Plural
+Nominative
+Genitive
+Dative
+Accusative Inanimate
+Accusative Animate
+Instructive
+Prepositional
+Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included 
+in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for 
+positive degree.
+mkA : ( : Str) -> A ;
+Invariable adjective is a special case.
+

+
+       adjInvar : Str -> A ;          -- khaki, mini, hindi, netto
+

+

+

+Some regular patterns depending on the ending.
+

+
+       AStaruyj : Str -> Str -> A ;             -- ending with "-Ρ‹ΠΉ"
+       AMalenkij : Str -> Str -> A ;            -- ending with "-ий", Gen - "малСньк-ого"
+       AKhoroshij : Str -> Str -> A ;         --  ending with "-ΠΈΠΉ", Gen - "Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆ-Π΅Π³ΠΎ"
+         AMolodoj : Str -> Str -> A ;             -- ending with "-ΠΎΠΉ", 
+                                               -- plural - ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄-Ρ‹Π΅"
+       AKakoj_Nibud : Str -> Str -> Str -> A ;  -- ending with "-ΠΎΠΉ", 
+                                               -- plural - "ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ-ΠΈΠ΅"
+

+

+

+Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
+

+
+       mkA2 : A -> Str -> Case -> A2 ;  -- "Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°"
+

+

+

+Comparison adjectives need a positive adjective 
+(28 forms without short forms). 
+Taking only one comparative form (non-syntaxic) and 
+only one superlative form (syntaxic) we can produce the
+comparison adjective with only one extra argument -
+non-syntaxic comparative form.
+Syntaxic forms are based on the positive forms.
+mkADeg : A -> Str -> ADeg ;
+On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
+just to use a one-place adjective. 
+ap : A  -> IsPostfixAdj -> AP ;
+

+
+
Adverbs

+

+Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
+after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. always).
+

+
+      mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+

+

+
+
Verbs

+

+In our lexicon description (Verbum) there are 62 forms: 
+2 (Voice) by { 1 (infinitive) + [2(number) by 3 (person)](imperative) + 
+[ [2(Number) by 3(Person)](present) + [2(Number) by 3(Person)](future) + 
+4(GenNum)(past) ](indicative)+ 4 (GenNum) (subjunctive) } 
+Participles (Present and Past) and Gerund forms are not included, 
+since they fuction more like Adjectives and Adverbs correspondingly
+rather than verbs. Aspect regarded as an inherent parameter of a verb.
+Notice, that some forms are never used for some verbs. Actually, 
+the majority of verbs do not have many of the forms.
+

+
+    Voice: Type; 
+    Aspect: Type; 
+

+

+

+Tense : Type;  
+

+
+    Bool: Type;
+    Conjugation: Type ;
+    
+    first: Conjugation; -- "гуля-Π•ΡˆΡŒ, гуля-Π•ΠΌ"
+    firstE: Conjugation; -- Verbs with vowel "Ρ‘": "Π΄Π°Ρ‘ΡˆΡŒ" (give), "ΠΏΡŒΡ‘ΡˆΡŒ" (drink)  
+    second: Conjugation; -- "вид-Ишь, вид-Им"
+    mixed: Conjugation; -- "Ρ…ΠΎΡ‡-Π•ΡˆΡŒ - Ρ…ΠΎΡ‚-Им"
+    dolzhen: Conjugation; -- irregular
+    
+    true: Bool;
+    false: Bool;
+    
+    active: Voice ;
+    passive: Voice ;
+    imperfective: Aspect;
+    perfective: Aspect ;  
+

+

+

+present : Tense ;
+past : Tense ;
+The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood
+(я Π±Π΅Π³Ρƒ, Ρ‚Ρ‹ бСТишь, ΠΎΠ½ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚, ΠΌΡ‹ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ, Π²Ρ‹ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π³ΡƒΡ‚),
+a past form (singular, masculine: я бСТал), an imperative form 
+(singular, second person: Π±Π΅Π³ΠΈ), an infinitive (Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ).
+Inherent aspect should also be specified.
+

+
+       mkVerbum : Aspect -> (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ;
+

+

+

+Common conjugation patterns are two conjugations: 
+first - verbs ending with -Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ/-ΡΡ‚ΡŒ and second - -ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ/-Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ.
+Instead of 6 present forms of the worst case, we only need
+a present stem and one ending (singular, first person):
+я люб-лю, я ΠΆΠ΄-Ρƒ, etc. To determine where the border
+between stem and ending lies it is sufficient to compare 
+first person from with second person form:
+я люб-лю, Ρ‚Ρ‹ люб-ишь. Stems shoud be the same.
+So the definition for verb Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ  looks like:
+mkRegVerb Imperfective Second люб лю любил люби Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ;
+

+
+       mkRegVerb :Aspect -> Conjugation -> (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; 
+

+

+

+For writing an application grammar one usualy doesn't need
+the whole inflection table, since each verb is used in 
+a particular context that determines some of the parameters
+(Tense and Voice while Aspect is fixed from the beginning) for certain usage. 
+The V type, that have these parameters fixed. 
+We can extract the V from the lexicon.
+mkV: Verbum -> Voice ->  V ;
+mkPresentV: Verbum -> Voice -> V ;
+Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
+a particle can be included in a V.
+

+
+       mkTV     : V   -> Str -> Case -> V2 ;   -- "Π²ΠΎΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌ"; "Π²", accusative
+       mkV3  : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ письмо Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚"
+       tvDir    : V -> V2 ;                    -- "Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ", "Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ"
+       tvDirDir : V -> V3 ; 
+

+

+

+The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+hidden from the document.
+

+
+
+
+
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSpa.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSpa.html
index 9c48e545f..50902dac8 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSpa.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSpa.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:15 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:31 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html
index 2a035d59f..4e271189b 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:15 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:31 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html
index e232ec554..e43e34287 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Phrases and utterances

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:12 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:28 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Precedence.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Precedence.html
index 3557cc712..9cf4fa116 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Precedence.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Precedence.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:16 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:32 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Predef.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Predef.html
index 9d98cf255..7d87aaa5c 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Predef.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Predef.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Predefined functions for concrete syntax

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:17 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:33 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/PredefAbs.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/PredefAbs.html
index 512b090b8..fb88058c5 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/PredefAbs.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/PredefAbs.html
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 

 

 Author: 
-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:17 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:33 2006
 

 

 Produced by 
diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Predication.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Predication.html
index 8d0906843..a763cbbcd 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Predication.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Predication.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 A Small Predication Library

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:16 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:32 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Prelude.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Prelude.html
index 304b27b17..e217f0f19 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Prelude.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Prelude.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 The GF Prelude

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:17 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:33 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html
index cb63f481f..acf728ff2 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Questions and interrogative pronouns

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:12 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:28 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html
index d14c629da..e951b177d 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Relative clauses and pronouns

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:13 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:29 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html
index 4c43d3bd8..4040c6850 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:13 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:29 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html
index 1dd9a9e51..b83cf535b 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:13 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:29 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Symbol.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Symbol.html
index efb4f6296..eb2280792 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Symbol.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Symbol.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Symbolic expressions

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:16 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:32 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html
index 671371ff9..40712f90b 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Tense, Polarity, and Anteriority

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:13 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:29 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Text.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Text.html
index b38b571e4..fb29860fc 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Text.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Text.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 Texts

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:13 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:29 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html
index 512de6ec0..fb0071db1 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 The construction of verb phrases

 
 Author: 

-Last update: Wed May 24 18:29:13 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:33:29 2006
 

 
 

diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/index.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/index.html
index ff64df4c8..5998af375 100644
--- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/index.html
+++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/index.html
@@ -7,41 +7,9 @@
 
GF Resource Grammar Library v. 1.0

 
 Author: Aarne Ranta <aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se>

-Last update: Tue Mar 21 16:36:57 2006
+Last update: Fri May 26 17:32:59 2006
 

 
-

-

-

-    
-
-

-

-

 

 The GF Resource Grammar Library defines the basic grammar of
 ten languages: 
@@ -55,15 +23,15 @@ with a new version of GF itself, since the grammars use new features
 not available in GF 2.4.
 

 

-V. 1.0 is not yet available for Russian and Danish: for them,
-we refer to v. 0.9.
+New. V. 1.0 is now (26 May) available Russian and Danish.
+But the modules still need some testing, especially the Danish
+lexicon (corrections welcome!).
 

-
 
Authors

 

 Inger Andersson and Therese Soderberg (Spanish morphology),
 Nicolas Barth and Sylvain Pogodalla (French verb list),
-Janna Khegai (Russian modules, forthcoming),
+Janna Khegai (Russian modules),
 Bjorn Bringert (many Swadesh lexica),
 Carlos Gonzalia (Spanish cardinals), 
 Harald Hammarstrom (German morphology),
@@ -82,22 +50,22 @@ Lauri Carlson,
 Gloria Casanellas,
 Karin Cavallin,
 Robin Cooper,
+Ali El Dada,
 Hans-Joachim Daniels,
 Elisabet Engdahl,
 Markus Forsberg,
 Kristofer Johannisson,
 Anni Laine,
+Saara Myllyntausta,
 Wanjiku Ng'ang'a,
 Jordi Saludes.
 

-
 
License

 

 The GF Resource Grammar Library is open-source software licensed under
 GNU General Public License. See the file LICENSE for more
 details.
 

-
 
Scope

 

 Coverage, for each language:
@@ -127,7 +95,6 @@ Presentation:
 
  • example collections
 
 
-
 
    Quick start
    
 
    
 Go to the main directory, compile the grammars, and run a test.
@@ -160,7 +127,6 @@ Do for instance
 
    
 For more examples, see the Overview slides. 
 
    
-
 
    The language independent ground API
    
 
    
 This API is accessible by both present and alltenses.
@@ -193,27 +159,28 @@ The documentation of the individual modules:
 
  • Lang: the main module comprising all the others
 
 
-
 
    The language-dependent APIs
    
 
 
 
 
-
 
    Special-purpose APIs
    
 
    Present
    
 
    
@@ -225,8 +192,7 @@ sufficient for many applications.
 
    
 
    Multimodal
    
 
 
 
    Mathematical
    
@@ -236,9 +202,7 @@ sufficient for many applications.
 
  • Symbol: symbols and numbers in text
 
 
-
 
    Using the library
    
-
 
    The compiled version
    
 
    
 The simplest way to get the library is to install the precompiled version
@@ -256,10 +220,10 @@ library. Use one (or several) of the following packages instead:
 
  • lib/alltenses the complete ground-API library with all forms
 
  • lib/present a pruned ground-API library with present tense only
 
  • lib/mathematical special-purpose API for mathematical applications
-
  • lib/multimodal special-purpose API for multimodal dialogue applications
+
  • lib/multimodal the complete ground-API with demonstratives for 
+  multimodal dialogue applications
 
 
-
 
    Linking applications to libraries
    
 
    
 Notice, however, that both special-purpose APIs share modules with
@@ -268,10 +232,10 @@ Notice, however, that both special-purpose APIs share modules with
 
    
 
    
 It is advisable to use the bare package names in paths pointing to the
-libraries. Here is an example, from examples/tram:
+libraries. Here is an example, from examples/dialogue/LightsEng.gf:
 
    
 
    -    --# -path=.:present:multimodal:mathematical:prelude
+    --# -path=.:alltenses:multimodal:prelude
 
    
 
    
 To reach these directories from anywhere, set the environment variable
@@ -282,7 +246,6 @@ I have the following line in my .bashrc file:
     export GF_LIB_PATH=/home/aarne/GF/lib

    • -

    Using the libraries as top-level grammars

    If you have done make in lib/resource-1.0, you will have @@ -309,20 +272,18 @@ much faster than the former. The -mcfg flag (multiple context-free must be used: 

    -    p -lang=LangEng -mcfg "this man is old"
+    p -lang=LangEng -mcfg -parser=topdown "this man is old"

    Parsing with the -mcfg flag takes a few extra seconds the first time during each session, but gets faster at later runs.

    -

    Example applications

    These applications are meand to serve as starting points for new applications, showing how the libraries can be used in typical situations.

    -

    Brozeage

    The examples/bronzeage @@ -330,16 +291,14 @@ grammar set implements a language fragment based on the Swadesh list of 200 words. It is useful for things like language training.

    - -

    Tram

    +

    Dialogue

    -The examples/tram -grammar set implements the user grammar of a -multimodal dialogue system concerning public transport. +The examples/dialogue +grammar set implements the user grammars of some +multimodal dialogue system. Its purpose is to serve as a prototype for applications in the TALK project.

    -

    Animals

    The examples/animal @@ -347,7 +306,6 @@ grammar set implements some queries about animals. Its purpose is to serve as a prototype for example-based grammar writing.

    -

    Known bugs and missing components

    This bugs should be fixed before the final release of v. 1.0. @@ -356,7 +314,7 @@ This bugs should be fixed before the final release of v. 1.0. Danish

    @@ -370,8 +328,7 @@ English Finnish

    @@ -400,14 +357,15 @@ Italian Norwegian

    Russian

    @@ -419,12 +377,8 @@ Spanish

    Swedish +-

    - - -

    More reading

    Grammars as Software Libraries. Slides @@ -449,9 +403,10 @@ Slides showing how the method is used.

    Multimodal Resource Grammars. -Slides showing how to use the multimodal resource library. +Slides showing how to use the multimodal resource library. N.B. the library +examples are from multimodal/old, which is a reduced-size API.

    - - + +