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adjustments in Paradigms ; lang-specific modules for all except Rus, Ara

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2006-06-15 16:24:09 +00:00
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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDan.html
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@@ -2,64 +2,50 @@
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
<TITLE> Danish Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Danish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 14:44:29 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Danish Lexical Paradigms</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Prepositions</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Verbs with a particle</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Deponent verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Two-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Other complement patterns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Other complement patterns</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc19">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:42 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<P>
# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Danish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<P>
Aarne Ranta 2003
</P>
<P>
@@ -97,7 +83,7 @@ words.
CatDan in {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H2>Parameters</H2>
<P>
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
@@ -134,10 +120,11 @@ To abstract over case names, we define the following.
Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
</P>
<PRE>
Preposition : Type = Str ;
mkPrep : Str -&gt; Prep ;
noPrep : Prep ; -- empty string
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Nouns</H2>
<P>
Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
@@ -180,19 +167,19 @@ indefinite
mk3N : (bil,bilen,biler : Str) -&gt; N ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
<P>
All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns,
such as <I>fotboll</I>.
</P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
<P>
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN2 : N -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N2 ;
mkN2 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; N2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -204,17 +191,18 @@ shortcut for regular, <CODE>nonhuman</CODE> relational nouns with <I>av</I>.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Use the function <CODE>mkPreposition</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
Use the function <CODE>mkPrep</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
form other prepositions.
</P>
<P>
Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepositions.
Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>)
need two prepositions.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN3 : N -&gt; Preposition -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N3 ;
mkN3 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; N3 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
<P>
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
@@ -222,13 +210,14 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
</P>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
<P>
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
</P>
<PRE>
regPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- John, John's
mkPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- Paris neutrum
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ; -- utrum gender
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -246,7 +235,7 @@ genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
mkNP : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; Number -&gt; Gender -&gt; NP ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
<P>
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms:
@@ -269,13 +258,13 @@ In most cases, two forms are enough.
mk2A : (stor,stort : Str) -&gt; A ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
<P>
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
</P>
<PRE>
mkA2 : A -&gt; Preposition -&gt; A2 ;
mkA2 : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -316,7 +305,7 @@ long adjective, the following pattern is used:
compoundA : A -&gt; A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P>
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
@@ -334,16 +323,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
mkAdA : Str -&gt; AdA ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
<P>
A preposition is just a string.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPreposition : Str -&gt; Preposition ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H2>Verbs</H2>
<P>
The worst case needs six forms.
@@ -374,7 +354,7 @@ In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
irregV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H3>Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</H3>
<P>
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
@@ -383,7 +363,7 @@ By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>v
vaereV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H3>Verbs with a particle</H3>
<P>
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
@@ -392,7 +372,7 @@ The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
partV : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<H3>Deponent verbs</H3>
<P>
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
@@ -403,31 +383,31 @@ reflexive e.g. <I>
reflV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV2 : V -&gt; Preposition -&gt; V2 ;
mkV2 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2 ;
dirV2 : V -&gt; V2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Str -&gt; Str -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
<P>
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
@@ -436,18 +416,18 @@ questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
<PRE>
mkV0 : V -&gt; V0 ;
mkVS : V -&gt; VS ;
mkV2S : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2S ;
mkV2S : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2S ;
mkVV : V -&gt; VV ;
mkV2V : V -&gt; Str -&gt; Str -&gt; V2V ;
mkV2V : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2V ;
mkVA : V -&gt; VA ;
mkV2A : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2A ;
mkV2A : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2A ;
mkVQ : V -&gt; VQ ;
mkV2Q : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2Q ;
mkV2Q : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2Q ;
mkAS : A -&gt; AS ;
mkA2S : A -&gt; Str -&gt; A2S ;
mkA2S : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2S ;
mkAV : A -&gt; AV ;
mkA2V : A -&gt; Str -&gt; A2V ;
mkA2V : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -461,12 +441,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc19"></A>
<H2>Definitions of the paradigms</H2>
<P>
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document.
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
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