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adjustments in Paradigms ; lang-specific modules for all except Rus, Ara

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html
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@@ -2,63 +2,50 @@
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
<TITLE> English Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> English Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 16:21:43 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">English Lexical Paradigms</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Prepositions</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Prepositions</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with a particle.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Reflexive verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Two-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Other complement patterns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Reflexive verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Other complement patterns</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Definitions of paradigms</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:42 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<P>
# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>English Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<P>
Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
</P>
<P>
@@ -97,7 +84,7 @@ The following modules are presupposed:
in {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H2>Parameters</H2>
<P>
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
@@ -133,12 +120,9 @@ To abstract over case names, we define the following.
<P></P>
<P>
Prepositions are used in many-argument functions for rection.
The resource category <CODE>Prep</CODE> is used.
</P>
<PRE>
Preposition : Type ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Nouns</H2>
<P>
Worst case: give all four forms and the semantic gender.
@@ -172,7 +156,7 @@ function:
genderN : Gender -&gt; N -&gt; N ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
<P>
A compound noun ia an uninflected string attached to an inflected noun,
@@ -182,13 +166,13 @@ such as <I>baby boom</I>, <I>chief executive officer</I>.
compoundN : Str -&gt; N -&gt; N ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
<P>
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN2 : N -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N2 ;
mkN2 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; N2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -200,34 +184,35 @@ shortcut for regular relational nouns with <I>of</I>.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Use the function <CODE>mkPreposition</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
Use the function <CODE>mkPrep</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
form other prepositions.
</P>
<P>
Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepositions.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN3 : N -&gt; Preposition -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N3 ;
mkN3 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; N3 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
<P>
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>).
</P>
<PRE>
cnN2 : CN -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N2 ;
cnN3 : CN -&gt; Preposition -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N3 ;
cnN2 : CN -&gt; Prep -&gt; N2 ;
cnN3 : CN -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; N3 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
<P>
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
</P>
<PRE>
regPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- John, John's
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ;
regGenPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- John, John's
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -245,7 +230,7 @@ genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
mkNP : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; Number -&gt; Gender -&gt; NP ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
<P>
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need two forms: one for
@@ -263,13 +248,13 @@ even for cases with the variation <I>happy - happily</I>.
regA : Str -&gt; A ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
<P>
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
</P>
<PRE>
mkA2 : A -&gt; Preposition -&gt; A2 ;
mkA2 : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -313,7 +298,7 @@ From a given <CODE>ADeg</CODE>, it is possible to get back to <CODE>A</CODE>.
adegA : ADeg -&gt; A ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P>
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
@@ -331,21 +316,21 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
mkAdA : Str -&gt; AdA ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
<P>
A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
build <CODE>PP</CODE>s in the resource API, just requires a string.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPreposition : Str -&gt; Preposition ;
mkPrep : Str -&gt; Prep ;
mkPrep : Str -&gt; Prep ;
noPrep : Prep ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
(These two functions are synonyms.)
</P>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H2>Verbs</H2>
<P>
Except for <I>be</I>, the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and
@@ -384,7 +369,7 @@ duplication in the present participle.
irregDuplV : (get, got, gotten : Str) -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
<P>
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
@@ -393,7 +378,7 @@ The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
partV : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<H3>Reflexive verbs</H3>
<P>
By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
@@ -402,31 +387,31 @@ By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
reflV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV2 : V -&gt; Preposition -&gt; V2 ;
mkV2 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2 ;
dirV2 : V -&gt; V2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Preposition -&gt; Preposition -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Preposition -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
<P>
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
@@ -435,18 +420,18 @@ questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
<PRE>
mkV0 : V -&gt; V0 ;
mkVS : V -&gt; VS ;
mkV2S : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2S ;
mkV2S : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2S ;
mkVV : V -&gt; VV ;
mkV2V : V -&gt; Str -&gt; Str -&gt; V2V ;
mkV2V : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2V ;
mkVA : V -&gt; VA ;
mkV2A : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2A ;
mkV2A : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2A ;
mkVQ : V -&gt; VQ ;
mkV2Q : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2Q ;
mkV2Q : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2Q ;
mkAS : A -&gt; AS ;
mkA2S : A -&gt; Str -&gt; A2S ;
mkA2S : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2S ;
mkAV : A -&gt; AV ;
mkA2V : A -&gt; Str -&gt; A2V ;
mkA2V : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -460,12 +445,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
<H2>Definitions of paradigms</H2>
<P>
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document.
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc english/ParadigmsEng.txt -->