diff --git a/src/GF/Canon/Share.hs b/src/GF/Canon/Share.hs
index ff9be59b2..a5a5f5349 100644
--- a/src/GF/Canon/Share.hs
+++ b/src/GF/Canon/Share.hs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import AbsGFC
 import Ident
 import GFC
 import qualified CMacros as C
+import PrGrammar (prt)
 import Operations
 import List
 import qualified Modules as M
@@ -39,15 +40,15 @@ shareModule opt (i,m) = case m of
     (i,M.ModMod (M.Module mt st fs me ops (mapTree (shareInfo opt) js)))
   _ -> (i,m)
 
-shareInfo opt (c, CncCat ty t m) = (c, CncCat ty (shareOptim opt t) m)
-shareInfo opt (c, CncFun k xs t m) = (c, CncFun k xs (shareOptim opt t) m)
+shareInfo opt (c, CncCat ty t m) = (c, CncCat ty (shareOptim opt c t) m)
+shareInfo opt (c, CncFun k xs t m) = (c, CncFun k xs (shareOptim opt c t) m)
 shareInfo _ i = i
 
 -- the function putting together optimizations
-shareOptim :: OptSpec -> Term -> Term
-shareOptim opt 
-  | doOptFactor opt && doOptValues opt = values . factor 0
-  | doOptFactor opt = share . factor 0
+shareOptim :: OptSpec -> Ident -> Term -> Term
+shareOptim opt c 
+  | doOptFactor opt && doOptValues opt = values . factor c 0
+  | doOptFactor opt = share . factor c 0
   | doOptValues opt = values    
   | otherwise = share
 
@@ -80,22 +81,22 @@ share t = case t of
 
 -- do even more: factor parametric branches
 
-factor :: Int -> Term -> Term
-factor i t = case t of
+factor :: Ident -> Int -> Term -> Term
+factor c i t = case t of
   T _ [_] -> t
   T _ []  -> t
-  T ty cs -> T ty $ factors i [Cas [p] (factor (i+1) v) | Cas ps v <- cs, p <- ps]
-  R lts   -> R [Ass l (factor i t) | Ass l t <- lts]
-  P t l   -> P (factor i t) l
-  S t a   -> S (factor i t) (factor i a)
-  C t a   -> C (factor i t) (factor i a)
-  FV ts   -> FV (map (factor i) ts)
+  T ty cs -> T ty $ factors i [Cas [p] (factor c (i+1) v) | Cas ps v <- cs, p <- ps]
+  R lts   -> R [Ass l (factor c i t) | Ass l t <- lts]
+  P t l   -> P (factor c i t) l
+  S t a   -> S (factor c i t) (factor c i a)
+  C t a   -> C (factor c i t) (factor c i a)
+  FV ts   -> FV (map (factor c i) ts)
 
   _ -> t
  where
 
    factors i psvs =   -- we know psvs has at least 2 elements
-     let p   = pIdent i
+     let p   = pIdent c i
          vs' = map (mkFun p) psvs
      in if   allEqs vs'
         then mkCase p vs' 
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ factor i t = case t of
 
    mkCase p (v:_) = [Cas [PV p] v]
 
-pIdent i = identC ("p__" ++ show i)
+pIdent c i = identC ("p_" ++ prt c ++ "__" ++ show i)
 
 
 --  we need to replace subterms
diff --git a/src/GF/Compile/BackOpt.hs b/src/GF/Compile/BackOpt.hs
index 9d2e62796..d68b72635 100644
--- a/src/GF/Compile/BackOpt.hs
+++ b/src/GF/Compile/BackOpt.hs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ module BackOpt (shareModule, OptSpec, shareOpt, paramOpt, valOpt, allOpt) where
 import Grammar
 import Ident
 import qualified Macros as C
+import PrGrammar (prt)
 import Operations
 import List
 import qualified Modules as M
@@ -38,16 +39,16 @@ shareModule opt (i,m) = case m of
     (i,M.ModMod (M.Module mt st fs me ops (mapTree (shareInfo opt) js)))
   _ -> (i,m)
 
-shareInfo opt (c, CncCat ty (Yes t) m) = (c, CncCat ty (Yes (shareOptim opt t)) m)
-shareInfo opt (c, CncFun kxs (Yes t) m) = (c, CncFun kxs (Yes (shareOptim opt t)) m)
-shareInfo opt (c, ResOper ty (Yes t)) = (c, ResOper ty (Yes (shareOptim opt t)))
+shareInfo opt (c, CncCat ty (Yes t) m) = (c,CncCat ty (Yes (shareOptim opt c t)) m)
+shareInfo opt (c, CncFun kxs (Yes t) m) = (c,CncFun kxs (Yes (shareOptim opt c t)) m)
+shareInfo opt (c, ResOper ty (Yes t)) = (c,ResOper ty (Yes (shareOptim opt c t)))
 shareInfo _ i = i
 
 -- the function putting together optimizations
-shareOptim :: OptSpec -> Term -> Term
-shareOptim opt 
-  | doOptFactor opt && doOptValues opt = values . factor 0
-  | doOptFactor opt = share . factor 0
+shareOptim :: OptSpec -> Ident -> Term -> Term
+shareOptim opt c 
+  | doOptFactor opt && doOptValues opt = values . factor c 0
+  | doOptFactor opt = share . factor c 0
   | doOptValues opt = values    
   | otherwise = share
 
@@ -73,17 +74,17 @@ share t = case t of
 
 -- do even more: factor parametric branches
 
-factor :: Int -> Term -> Term
-factor i t = case t of
+factor :: Ident -> Int -> Term -> Term
+factor c i t = case t of
   T _ [_] -> t
   T _ []  -> t
   T (TComp ty) cs -> 
-    T (TTyped ty) $ factors i [(p, factor (i+1) v) | (p, v) <- cs]
-  _ -> C.composSafeOp (factor i) t
+    T (TTyped ty) $ factors i [(p, factor c (i+1) v) | (p, v) <- cs]
+  _ -> C.composSafeOp (factor c i) t
  where
 
    factors i psvs =   -- we know psvs has at least 2 elements
-     let p   = qqIdent i
+     let p   = qqIdent c i
          vs' = map (mkFun p) psvs
      in if   allEqs vs'
         then mkCase p vs' 
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ factor i t = case t of
 
 --- we hope this will be fresh and don't check... in GFC would be safe
 
-qqIdent i = identC ("q4q__" ++ show i)
+qqIdent c i = identC ("q_" ++ prt c ++ "__" ++ show i)
 
 
 --  we need to replace subterms
diff --git a/src/GF/Compile/MkResource.hs b/src/GF/Compile/MkResource.hs
index 1c0bdb21c..84c58fc0b 100644
--- a/src/GF/Compile/MkResource.hs
+++ b/src/GF/Compile/MkResource.hs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import Grammar
 import Ident
 import Modules
 import Macros
+import Lockfield
 import PrGrammar
 
 import Operations
@@ -118,19 +119,6 @@ mkResDefs hasT isC gr r a mext maext abs cnc = mapMTree (mkOne a maext) abs wher
     Q n c | n == a || [n] == mae -> return $ Q r c ---- FIX for non-singleton exts
     _ -> composOp (redirTyp always a mae) ty
 
-lockRecType :: Ident -> Type -> Err Type
-lockRecType c t = plusRecType t $ RecType [(lockLabel c,  RecType [])]
-
-unlockRecord :: Ident -> Term -> Err Term
-unlockRecord c ft = do
-  let (xs,t) = termFormCnc ft
-  t' <- plusRecord t $ R [(lockLabel c,  (Just (RecType []),R []))]
-  return $ mkAbs xs t'
-
-lockLabel :: Ident -> Label
-lockLabel c = LIdent $ "lock_" ++ prt c ----
-
-
 -- no reuse for functions of HO/dep types
 
 isHardType t = case t of
diff --git a/src/GF/Compile/ModDeps.hs b/src/GF/Compile/ModDeps.hs
index 10f2e012e..7e65239e4 100644
--- a/src/GF/Compile/ModDeps.hs
+++ b/src/GF/Compile/ModDeps.hs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 -- > CVS $Author $
 -- > CVS $Revision $
 --
--- (Description of the module)
+-- Check correctness of module dependencies. Incomplete.
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 module ModDeps where
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ moduleDeps ms = mapM deps ms where
   chDep it es ety os oty = do
     ests <- mapM (lookupModuleType gr) es
     testErr (all (compatMType ety) ests) "inappropriate extension module type" 
-    osts <- mapM (lookupModuleType gr . openedModule) os
-    testErr (all (compatOType oty) osts) "inappropriate open module type"
+----    osts <- mapM (lookupModuleType gr . openedModule) os
+----    testErr (all (compatOType oty) osts) "inappropriate open module type"
     let ab = case it of
                IdentM _ (MTConcrete a) -> [IdentM a MTAbstract]
                _ -> [] ---- 
diff --git a/src/GF/Grammar/AppPredefined.hs b/src/GF/Grammar/AppPredefined.hs
index 17358f1f3..e640feaf2 100644
--- a/src/GF/Grammar/AppPredefined.hs
+++ b/src/GF/Grammar/AppPredefined.hs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 -- > CVS $Author $
 -- > CVS $Revision $
 --
--- (Description of the module)
+-- Predefined function type signatures and definitions.
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 module AppPredefined where
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import Operations
 import Grammar
 import Ident
 import Macros
-import PrGrammar (prt,prtBad)
+import PrGrammar (prt,prt_,prtBad)
 ---- import PGrammar (pTrm)
 
 -- predefined function type signatures and definitions. AR 12/3/2003.
@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ typPredefined c@(IC f) = case f of
   "occur"  -> return $ mkFunType [typeTok,typeTok] (cnPredef "PBool")
   "plus"   -> return $ mkFunType [cnPredef "Int",cnPredef "Int"] (cnPredef "Int")
 ----  "read"   -> (P : Type) -> Tok -> P
-----  "show"   -> (P : Type) -> P -> Tok
+  "show"   -> return $ mkProd -- (P : PType) -> P -> Tok
+    ([(zIdent "P",typePType),(wildIdent,Vr (zIdent "P"))],typeStr,[]) 
+  "toStr"  -> return $ mkProd -- (L : Type)  -> L -> Str
+    ([(zIdent "L",typeType),(wildIdent,Vr (zIdent "L"))],typeStr,[]) 
   "take"   -> return $ mkFunType [cnPredef "Int",typeTok] typeTok
   "tk"     -> return $ mkFunType [cnPredef "Int",typeTok] typeTok
   _        -> prtBad "unknown in Predef:" c
@@ -69,8 +72,10 @@ appPredefined t = case t of
       ("eqInt",EInt i, EInt j) -> if i==j then predefTrue else predefFalse
       ("lessInt",EInt i, EInt j) -> if i<j then predefTrue else predefFalse
       ("plus", EInt i, EInt j) -> EInt $ i+j
-      ("show", _, t) -> K $ prt t
+      ("show", _, t) -> foldr C Empty $ map K $ words $ prt t
       ("read", _, K s) -> str2tag s --- because of K, only works for atomic tags
+      ("toStr", _, t) -> trm2str t
+
       _ -> t
     _ -> t
   _ -> t
@@ -97,3 +102,14 @@ substring s t = case (s,t) of
   ([],_) -> True
   _ -> False
 
+trm2str :: Term -> Term
+trm2str t = case t of
+  R ((_,(_,s)):_)   -> trm2str s
+  T _ ((_,s):_) -> trm2str s
+  TSh _ ((_,s):_) -> trm2str s
+  V _ (s:_) -> trm2str s
+  C _ _         -> t
+  K _           -> t
+  Empty         -> t
+  _ -> K $ "ERROR_toStr_" ++ prt_ t --- eliminated by type checker
+
diff --git a/src/GF/Grammar/Lockfield.hs b/src/GF/Grammar/Lockfield.hs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb9043b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/GF/Grammar/Lockfield.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- |
+-- Module      : (Module)
+-- Maintainer  : (Maintainer)
+-- Stability   : (stable)
+-- Portability : (portable)
+--
+-- > CVS $Date $ 
+-- > CVS $Author $
+-- > CVS $Revision $
+--
+-- Creating and using lock fields in reused resource grammars.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+module Lockfield where
+
+import Grammar
+import Ident
+import Macros
+import PrGrammar
+
+import Operations
+
+-- AR 8/2/2005 detached from compile/MkResource
+
+lockRecType :: Ident -> Type -> Err Type
+lockRecType c t = plusRecType t $ RecType [(lockLabel c,  RecType [])]
+
+unlockRecord :: Ident -> Term -> Err Term
+unlockRecord c ft = do
+  let (xs,t) = termFormCnc ft
+  t' <- plusRecord t $ R [(lockLabel c,  (Just (RecType []),R []))]
+  return $ mkAbs xs t'
+
+lockLabel :: Ident -> Label
+lockLabel c = LIdent $ "lock_" ++ prt c ----
+
diff --git a/src/GF/Grammar/Lookup.hs b/src/GF/Grammar/Lookup.hs
index 1cfb63be6..06672cb72 100644
--- a/src/GF/Grammar/Lookup.hs
+++ b/src/GF/Grammar/Lookup.hs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ module Lookup where
 import Operations
 import Abstract
 import Modules
+import Lockfield
 
 import List (nub)
 import Monad
@@ -34,6 +35,11 @@ lookupResDef gr = look True where
           ResOper _ (Yes t) -> return $ qualifAnnot m t 
           ResOper _ Nope    -> return (Q m c) ---- if isTop then lookExt m c 
                                  ---- else prtBad "cannot find in exts" c 
+
+          CncCat (Yes ty) _ _ -> lockRecType c $ ty
+          CncCat _ _ _        -> lockRecType c $ defLinType
+          CncFun _ (Yes tr) _ -> unlockRecord c tr
+
           AnyInd _ n        -> look False n c
           ResParam _        -> return $ QC m c
           ResValue _        -> return $ QC m c
@@ -51,6 +57,11 @@ lookupResType gr m c = do
       case info of
         ResOper (Yes t) _ -> return $ qualifAnnot m t
         ResOper (May n) _ -> lookupResType gr n c
+
+        -- used in reused concrete
+        CncCat _ _ _ -> return typeType
+        CncFun (Just (_,(cont,val))) _ _ -> return $ mkProd (cont, val, [])
+
         AnyInd _ n        -> lookupResType gr n c
         ResParam _        -> return $ typePType
         ResValue (Yes t)  -> return $ qualifAnnotPar m t
diff --git a/src/GF/UseGrammar/Custom.hs b/src/GF/UseGrammar/Custom.hs
index 4ec37d1ae..12b9b2ca9 100644
--- a/src/GF/UseGrammar/Custom.hs
+++ b/src/GF/UseGrammar/Custom.hs
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ import MoreCustom -- either small/ or big/. The one in Small is empty.
 import UseIO
 
 import Monad
+import Char
 
 -- character codings
 import Unicode
@@ -365,6 +366,7 @@ customUntokenizer =
    (strCI "unwords",   const $ id)   -- DEFAULT
   ,(strCI "text",      const $ formatAsText)
   ,(strCI "code",      const $ formatAsCode)
+  ,(strCI "concat",    const $ filter (not . isSpace))
   ,(strCI "textlit",   const $ formatAsTextLit)
   ,(strCI "codelit",   const $ formatAsCodeLit)
   ,(strCI "concat",    const $ concatRemSpace)
diff --git a/src/GF/UseGrammar/Randomized.hs b/src/GF/UseGrammar/Randomized.hs
index 200e69104..d2e26a18b 100644
--- a/src/GF/UseGrammar/Randomized.hs
+++ b/src/GF/UseGrammar/Randomized.hs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ mkTreeFromInts ints gr catfun = do
   return $ loc2tree state
 
 mkStateFromInts :: [Int] -> CGrammar -> Action
-mkStateFromInts ints gr = mkRandomState ints where
+mkStateFromInts ints gr z = mkRandomState ints z >>= reCheckState gr where
   mkRandomState [] state = do
     testErr (isCompleteState state) "not completed"
     return state