diff --git a/next-lib/src/Makefile b/next-lib/src/Makefile
index c32f1bbbb..89a9d4a3e 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/Makefile
+++ b/next-lib/src/Makefile
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ constructX:
 	gfc common/ConstructX.gf
 	cp -p common/ConstructX.gfo ../prelude
 
+MakeStructural:
+	gfc */MakeStructural*.gf
+	cp -p */MakeStructural*.gfo ../present
+	cp -p */MakeStructural*.gfo ../alltenses
+
 test:
 	$(RUNMAKE) test
 
diff --git a/next-lib/src/abstract/Noun.gf b/next-lib/src/abstract/Noun.gf
index 0a149ba82..2daf141d6 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/abstract/Noun.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/abstract/Noun.gf
@@ -132,4 +132,5 @@ abstract Noun = Cat ** {
 
     ApposCN : CN -> NP -> CN ;    -- city Paris (, numbers x and y)
 
+
 } ;
diff --git a/next-lib/src/abstract/Relative.gf b/next-lib/src/abstract/Relative.gf
index 6db45d085..00289bdf5 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/abstract/Relative.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/abstract/Relative.gf
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ abstract Relative = Cat ** {
     RelSlash : RP -> ClSlash -> RCl ; -- whom John loves
 
 -- Relative pronouns are formed from an 'identity element' by prefixing
--- or suffixing (depending on language) prepositional phrases.
+-- or suffixing (depending on language) prepositional phrases or genitives.
 
     IdRP  : RP ;                      -- which
     FunRP : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP ;  -- the mother of whom
diff --git a/next-lib/src/abstract/Structural.gf b/next-lib/src/abstract/Structural.gf
index 8ba4486d1..1c952a4b7 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/abstract/Structural.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/abstract/Structural.gf
@@ -109,13 +109,12 @@ abstract Structural = Cat ** {
   youPol_Pron : Pron ; -- you (polite)
 
   no_Quant : Quant ; 
-  nobody_but_Predet : Predet ;
-  nothing_but_Predet : Predet ;
   not_Predet : Predet ;
   if_then_Conj : Conj ;
   at_least_AdN : AdN ;
   at_most_AdN : AdN ;
   nobody_NP : NP ;
   nothing_NP : NP ;
+  except_Prep : Prep ;
 
 }
diff --git a/next-lib/src/api/Constructors.gf b/next-lib/src/api/Constructors.gf
index a6804b56c..4c3e91c38 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/api/Constructors.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/api/Constructors.gf
@@ -749,7 +749,9 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
 
     mkRS : overload {
       mkRS : RCl ->                              RS ; -- 1. that walk
-      mkRS : (Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> RCl -> RS   -- 2. that wouldn't have walked
+      mkRS : (Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> RCl -> RS ; -- 2. that wouldn't have walked
+      mkRS : Conj -> RS -> RS -> RS ;  -- 3. who walks and whom I know   
+      mkRS : Conj -> ListRS  -> RS ; -- 4. who walks, whose son runs, and whom I know   
       } ;
 
 --3 RCl, relative clauses
@@ -857,6 +859,12 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
      mkListNP : NP -> ListNP -> ListNP    -- 2. John, I, that
      } ;
 
+--3 ListRS, relative clause lists
+
+    mkListRS : overload {
+     mkListRS : RS -> RS ->     ListRS ;  -- 1. who walks, who runs
+     mkListRS : RS -> ListRS -> ListRS    -- 2. who walks, who runs, who sleeps
+     } ;
 
 --. 
 -- Definitions
@@ -1473,7 +1481,12 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
       mkRS : Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS
                                          =    \a,p -> TUseRCl TPres a p ;
       mkRS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS
-                                         =    TUseRCl  
+                                         =    TUseRCl ;
+      mkRS : Conj -> RS -> RS -> RS
+                                        = \c,x,y -> ConjRS c (BaseRS x y) ;
+      mkRS : Conj -> ListRS -> RS
+                                        = \c,xy -> ConjRS c xy ;
+
       } ;
 
   param Punct = PFullStop | PExclMark | PQuestMark ;
@@ -1618,6 +1631,11 @@ incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
    mkListNP : NP -> ListNP -> ListNP = ConsNP
    } ;
 
+  mkListRS = overload {
+   mkListRS : RS -> RS -> ListRS = BaseRS ;
+   mkListRS : RS -> ListRS -> ListRS = ConsRS
+   } ;
+
 
 ------------ for backward compatibility
 
diff --git a/next-lib/src/english/MakeStructuralEng.gf b/next-lib/src/english/MakeStructuralEng.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31f3c0960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/next-lib/src/english/MakeStructuralEng.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--# -path=.:../common:../abstract
+
+resource MakeStructuralEng = open CatEng, ParadigmsEng, MorphoEng, Prelude in {
+
+oper 
+  mkConj : Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj = \x,y,n -> 
+    {s1 = x ; s2 = y ; n = n ; lock_Conj = <>} ;
+  mkSubj : Str -> Subj = \x -> 
+    {s = x ; lock_Subj = <>} ;
+
+}
diff --git a/next-lib/src/english/StructuralEng.gf b/next-lib/src/english/StructuralEng.gf
index 995844771..bbad3efdd 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/english/StructuralEng.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/english/StructuralEng.gf
@@ -123,8 +123,6 @@ concrete StructuralEng of Structural = CatEng **
   youPol_Pron = mkPron "you" "you" "your" "yours" singular P2 human ;
 
   not_Predet = {s = "not" ; lock_Predet = <>} ;
-  nothing_but_Predet = {s = "nothing but" ; lock_Predet = <>} ;
-  nobody_but_Predet = {s = "nobody but" ; lock_Predet = <>} ;
   no_Quant = mkQuant "no" "no" ;
   if_then_Conj = {s1 = "if" ; s2 = "then" ; n = singular ; lock_Conj = <>} ;
   nobody_NP = regNP "nobody" singular ;
@@ -132,5 +130,7 @@ concrete StructuralEng of Structural = CatEng **
 
   at_least_AdN = mkAdN "at least" ;
   at_most_AdN = mkAdN "at most" ;
+
+  except_Prep = mkPrep "except" ;
 }
 
diff --git a/next-lib/src/french/MakeStructuralFre.gf b/next-lib/src/french/MakeStructuralFre.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..282e1c3e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/next-lib/src/french/MakeStructuralFre.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract
+
+resource MakeStructuralFre = open CatFre, ParadigmsFre, MorphoFre, Prelude in {
+
+oper 
+  mkConj : Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj = \x,y,n -> 
+    {s1 = x ; s2 = y ; n = n ; lock_Conj = <>} ;
+  mkSubj : Str -> Subj = \x -> 
+    {s = x ; m = Indic ; lock_Subj = <>} ;
+  mkSubjSubj : Str -> Subj = \x -> 
+    {s = x ; m = Conjunct ; lock_Subj = <>} ;
+
+}
diff --git a/next-lib/src/french/StructuralFre.gf b/next-lib/src/french/StructuralFre.gf
index 4a0fa4981..133455612 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/french/StructuralFre.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/french/StructuralFre.gf
@@ -163,9 +163,6 @@ lin
        Masc Pl P2 ;
 
   not_Predet = {s = \\a,c => prepCase c ++ "pas" ; c = Nom} ;
-  nothing_but_Predet = {s = \\a,c => prepCase c ++ "rien excepté" ; c = Nom} ;
-  nobody_but_Predet = {s = \\a,c => prepCase c ++ "personne excepté" ; c = Nom} ;
-
 
   no_Quant = 
     let aucun : ParadigmsFre.Number => ParadigmsFre.Gender => Case => Str = table {
@@ -184,5 +181,7 @@ lin
   at_least_AdN = ss "au moins" ;
   at_most_AdN = ss "au plus" ;
 
+  except_Prep = mkPreposition "excepté" ;
+
 }
 
diff --git a/next-lib/src/german/MakeStructuralGer.gf b/next-lib/src/german/MakeStructuralGer.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f5006df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/next-lib/src/german/MakeStructuralGer.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--# -path=.:../common:../abstract
+
+resource MakeStructuralGer = open CatGer, ParadigmsGer, MorphoGer, Prelude in {
+
+oper 
+  mkConj : Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj = \x,y,n -> 
+    {s1 = x ; s2 = y ; n = n ; lock_Conj = <>} ;
+  mkSubj : Str -> Subj = \x -> 
+    {s = x ; lock_Subj = <>} ;
+
+}
diff --git a/next-lib/src/german/StructuralGer.gf b/next-lib/src/german/StructuralGer.gf
index 0f87fcee7..beda7514a 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/german/StructuralGer.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/german/StructuralGer.gf
@@ -128,12 +128,6 @@ concrete StructuralGer of Structural = CatGer **
   yes_Utt = ss "ja" ;
 
   not_Predet = {s = \\_,_,_ => "nicht" ; c = NoCase} ;
-  nothing_but_Predet = {s = \\_,_,_ => "nichts ausser" ; c = PredCase Dat} ;
-  nobody_but_Predet = {
-    s = \\_,_,c => 
-      caselist "niemand" "niemanden" "niemandem" "niemands" ! c ++ "ausser" ; 
-    c = PredCase Dat
-    } ;
   no_Quant = let 
      keiner : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
        Sg => \\g,c => "kein" + pronEnding ! GSg g ! c ;
@@ -148,5 +142,5 @@ concrete StructuralGer of Structural = CatGer **
     nameNounPhrase {s = \\_ => "nichts"} ;
   at_least_AdN = ss "wenigstens" ;
   at_most_AdN = ss "höchstens" ;
-
+  except_Prep = mkPrep "außer" Dat ;
 }
diff --git a/next-lib/src/scandinavian/NounScand.gf b/next-lib/src/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
index dd6c39742..06a34be57 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
@@ -189,5 +189,4 @@ incomplete concrete NounScand of Noun =
       g = g ;
       isMod = cn.isMod
       } ;
-
 }
diff --git a/next-lib/src/swedish/MakeStructuralSwe.gf b/next-lib/src/swedish/MakeStructuralSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48d0a1225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/next-lib/src/swedish/MakeStructuralSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+--# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract
+
+resource MakeStructuralSwe = open CatSwe, ParadigmsSwe, MorphoSwe, Prelude in {
+
+oper 
+  mkConj : Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj = \x,y,n -> 
+    {s1 = x ; s2 = y ; n = n ; lock_Conj = <>} ;
+  mkSubj : Str -> Subj = \x -> 
+    {s = x ; lock_Subj = <>} ;
+
+}
diff --git a/next-lib/src/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf b/next-lib/src/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
index b257b850a..a6a3a00b2 100644
--- a/next-lib/src/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
+++ b/next-lib/src/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
@@ -125,8 +125,6 @@ concrete StructuralSwe of Structural = CatSwe **
 
 lin
   not_Predet = {s = \\_ => "inte"} ;
-  nothing_but_Predet = {s = \\_ => "inget förutom"} ;
-  nobody_but_Predet = {s = \\_ => "ingen förutom"} ;
   no_Quant = 
     {s = table {
        Sg => \\_,_ => genderForms "ingen" "inget" ; 
@@ -141,5 +139,7 @@ lin
 
   at_least_AdN = ss "minst" ;
   at_most_AdN = ss "högst" ;
+
+  except_Prep = ss "utom" ;
 }