diff --git a/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf b/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
index 1dd1f428b..1e41915f6 100644
--- a/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
+++ b/lib/src/abstract/Extra.gf
@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ abstract Extra = Cat ** {
 
     PassAgentVPSlash : VPSlash -> NP -> VP ;  -- be begged by her to go
 
+-- In many languages, the passives use past participles.
+
+    PastPartAP      : VPSlash -> AP ;         -- lost (opportunity) ; (opportunity) lost in space
+    PastPartAgentAP : VPSlash -> NP -> AP ;   -- (opportunity) lost by the company
+   
 -- publishing of the document
 
     NominalizeVPSlashNP : VPSlash -> NP -> NP ;
diff --git a/lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf b/lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf
index 212aa20b2..6d7642adc 100644
--- a/lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf
+++ b/lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf
@@ -57,10 +57,26 @@ concrete ExtraGer of ExtraGerAbs = CatGer **
       c = (prepC slash.c2.c).c
       } ;
 
-    PassVPSlash vps = 
-      insertInf (vps.s.s ! VPastPart APred) (predV werdenPass) ;
-    PassAgentVPSlash vps np = ---- "von" here, "durch" in StructuralGer
-      insertAdv (appPrep P.von_Prep np.s) (insertInf (vps.s.s ! VPastPart APred) (predV werdenPass)) ;
+    PassVPSlash vp = insertObj (\\_ => (PastPartAP (lin VPSlash vp)).s ! APred) (predV werdenPass) ;
+
+    PassAgentVPSlash vp np = ---- "von" here, "durch" in StructuralGer
+      insertObj (\\_ => (PastPartAgentAP (lin VPSlash vp) (lin NP np)).s ! APred) (predV werdenPass) ;
+
+    PastPartAP vp = {
+      s = \\af => (vp.nn ! agrP3 Sg).p1 ++ (vp.nn ! agrP3 Sg).p2 ++ vp.a2 ++ vp.inf ++ 
+                  vp.c2.s ++  --- junk if not TV
+                  vp.ext ++ vp.infExt ++ vp.s.s ! VPastPart af ;
+      isPre = True
+      } ;
+
+    PastPartAgentAP vp np = 
+    let agent = appPrep P.von_Prep np.s
+    in {
+      s = \\af => (vp.nn ! agrP3 Sg).p1 ++ (vp.nn ! agrP3 Sg).p2 ++ vp.a2 ++ agent ++ vp.inf ++ 
+                   vp.c2.s ++ --- junk if not TV
+                   vp.ext ++ vp.infExt ++ vp.s.s ! VPastPart af ;
+      isPre = True
+      } ;
 
   lincat
     VPS   = {s : Order => Agr => Str} ;
diff --git a/lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf b/lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf
index 38774c02e..26496392e 100644
--- a/lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf
+++ b/lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 abstract ExtraGerAbs = Extra [
   VPI,ListVPI,BaseVPI,ConsVPI,MkVPI,ComplVPIVV,ConjVPI,ClSlash,RCl,
   VPS,ListVPS,BaseVPS,ConsVPS,ConjVPS,MkVPS,PredVPS,EmptyRelSlash,
-  VPSlash, PassVPSlash, PassAgentVPSlash, CompIQuant,
+  VPSlash, PassVPSlash, PassAgentVPSlash, CompIQuant, PastPartAP, PastPartAgentAP,
   Temp,Tense,Pol,S,NP,VV,VP,Conj,IAdv,IQuant,IComp,ICompAP,IAdvAdv,Adv,AP] ** {
   flags coding=utf8;
   fun