command eh ; lib/doc/tour started

contrib/summerschool/foods/LexFoodsGer.gf

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ instance LexFoodsGer of LexFoods =
   oper
     wine_N = mkN "Wein" ;
     pizza_N = mkN "Pizza" "Pizzen" feminine ;
-    cheese_N = mkN "Käse" "Käsen" masculine ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "Käse" "Käse" masculine ;
     fish_N = mkN "Fisch" ;
     fresh_A = mkA "frisch" ;
     warm_A = mkA "warm" "wärmer" "wärmste" ;

lib/doc/tour/tour.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+A Guided Tour of Swedish Grammar
+Aarne Ranta
+
+
+
+This is an introduction to the basic grammar of Swedish. 
+It is guided by a computer program that knows the rules of the grammar.
+The program has produced the examples shown during the tour.
+You can read this document without access to the program, and get an
+overview of Swedish grammar rules. 
+However, really to make use of the knowledge included in the program,
+you should try out every rule by itself and also vary the rules in
+interaction with the computer. 
+
+You can make the same tour, with appropriate modifications, with
+Bulgarian 
+Catalan
+Dutch
+Finnish
+French
+German
+
+
+=Computer prerequisites=
+
+To use the Swedish grammar program and test the grammar yourself, you need
+- a computer with Linux, Mac OS, or Windows
+- the program GF (Grammatical Framework), downloadable from
+  the [GF website http://grammaticalframework.org]
+- the grammar package ``Lang.pgf``, downloadable from [here ./Lang.pgf]
+
+
+In future, we plan to provide a web-based version of this grammar tour,
+so that you can ran the program without downloading or installing anything.
+
+After installing GF (see instructions at GF website), just start it by
+the shell command
+```
+  gf Lang.pgf
+```
+Then initialize the shell with a couple of handy commands:
+
+| ``%translate`` | translate an utterance from English to Swedish |
+| ``%table``     | show the inflection table a word or a phrase in Swedish
+| ``%forms``     | show the forms of a word or a phrase in Swedish
+
+Initialization is made with the following commands, which define command macros in GF:
+```
+> dc translate ps -lextext ?0 | parse -cat=Utt -lang=LangEng | linearize -lang=LangSwe
+> dc table linearize -table -lang=LangSwe ?0
+> dc forms linearize -list -lang=LangSwe ?0
+> dc numeral ps -chars "123" | p -cat=Digits -lang=LangSwe | pt -transfer=digits2num | l -lang=LangSwe
+```
+This is just to save you some work afterwards and to make this document
+clearer; you could quite as well use the basic commands that are predifined
+in GF, and for some less frequent cases we'll actually use them directly.
+
+The **prompt** sign ``>`` is produced by GF, and you should only
+write what is after it. In this document, we will use two kinds of markings
+of type-written lines:
+- ``>`` followed by a command you type
+- ``*`` followed by output from GF
+
+
+=Words and inflection=
+
+We are ready to start the tour. We begin in the same way as grammar books usually do:
+from words and their forms.
+
+
+==Nouns==
+
+Nouns in Swedish have 8 #Swe
+inflection forms, as shown by the following example:
+```
+> %table flower_N
+* s Sg Indef Nom : blomma
+* s Sg Indef Gen : blommas
+* s Sg Def Nom : blomman
+* s Sg Def Gen : blommans
+* s Pl Indef Nom : blommor
+* s Pl Indef Gen : blommors
+* s Pl Def Nom : blommorna
+* s Pl Def Gen : blommornas
+```
+Here are the main noun inflection patterns - the
+declensions 1 to 5: #SWE
+```
+> %forms flower_N
+* blomma, blommas, blomman, blommans, blommor, blommors, blommorna, blommornas
+
+> %forms car_N
+* bil, bils, bilen, bilens, bilar, bilars, bilarna, bilarnas
+
+> %forms cat_N
+* katt, katts, katten, kattens, katter, katters, katterna, katternas
+
+> %forms apple_N
+* äpple, äpples, äpplet, äpplets, äpplen, äpplens, äpplena, äpplenas
+
+> %forms house_N
+* hus, hus, huset, husets, hus, hus, husen, husens
+```
+The symbol ``N`` is used by GF to denote nouns. Here it is suffixed to
+English words meaning the same as the Swedish forms.
+
+Swedish nouns also have a gender, which is reflected, among
+other things, in the indefinite article they have:
+```
+> %translate "a man"
+* en man
+
+> %translate "a woman"
+* en kvinna
+
+> %translate "a house"
+* ett hus
+```
+The little lexicon of the grammar training program has 182 nouns. To see 
+them all, together with their inflection forms and English translations, 
+you can do
+```
+> generate_trees -cat=N | linearize -treebank -list -lang=LangSwe
+
+* airplane_N
+* flygplan, flygplans, flygplanet, flygplanets, flygplan, flygplans, flygplanen, flygplanens
+
+* animal_N
+* djur, djurs, djuret, djurets, djur, djurs, djuren, djurens
+```
+
+===Quizzes with nouns===
+
+You can try out a **morphology quiz**, which lets you train your knowledge
+of Swedish noun inflection. You can later train your inflection skills with
+other parts of speech, just changing the symbol ``N`` to some other symbol.
+```
+> morpho_quiz -cat=N -lang=LangSwe
+
+* Welcome to GF Morphology Quiz.
+* The quiz is over when you have done at least 10 examples
+* with at least 75 % success.
+* You can interrupt the quiz by entering a line consisting of a dot ('.').
+* 
+* vin s Pl Def Gen
+* vinernas
+* > Yes.
+* Score 1/1
+* tunga s Sg Indef Nom
+* tungan
+* > No, not tungan, but
+* tunga
+* Score 1/2
+```
+The quiz questions are randomly generated, so you can use the same
+quiz for increasing your Swedish skills over and over again.
+
+Another quiz is the **translation quiz**, which lets you to train translations
+of nouns from English to Swedish (or, in fact, of any part of speech from any
+language to any other one). Here is how it goes:
+```
+> tq -from=LangEng -to=LangSwe -cat=N
+* Welcome to GF Translation Quiz.
+* The quiz is over when you have done at least 10 examples
+* with at least 75 % success.
+* You can interrupt the quiz by entering a line consisting of a dot ('.').
+*
+* ceiling
+* tak
+* > Yes.
+* Score 1/1
+* night
+* nat
+* > No, not nat, but
+* natt
+```
+
+
+==Numerals and determiners==
+
+Numerals are in Swedish the easiest way to build complex noun phrases from nouns,
+since their forms are independent of the noun; the noun is just inflected in
+the plural indefinite. This is with the exception of "one", whose form depends
+on the gender of the noun. Here is a quick way to generate the numerals from 1 to 9:
+```
+> gt -cat=Sub10 -number=9 | l
+> gt -cat=Sub10 -number=9 | l -lang=LangSwe
+* en
+* två
+* tre
+* fyra
+* fem
+* sex
+* sju
+* åtta
+* nio
+```
+Translate digits to Swedish numerals:
+```
+> %numeral "123"
+* ett hundra tjugo tre
+```
+Translate noun phrases with numerals and nouns:
+```
+> %translate "one boy"
+* en pojke
+
+> %translate "one apple"
+* ett äpple
+
+> %translate "two boys"
+* två pojkar
+
+> %translate "eleven cars"
+* elva bilar
+```
+Numerals are a special case of **determiners**: words that are combined with nouns to
+form **noun phrases**. Articles are anouther special case; we already saw the indefinite
+articles:
+```
+> %translate "a man, a woman, a car and a house"
+* en man , en kvinna , en bil och ett hus
+```
+Definite articles are more special in Swedish: 
+they are expressed by inflecting the noun rather than adding a word like
+English //the//. #SWE
+```
+> %translate "the man, the woman, the car and the house"
+* mannen , kvinnan , bilen och huset
+```
+This is similar in the plural:
+```
+> %translate "the men, the women, the cars and the houses"
+* männen , kvinnorna , bilarna och husen
+```
+Just like in English, there is no explicit indefinite article in the plural: 
+just use the plural indefinite form. #SWE
+```
+> %translate "men, women, cars and houses"
+* män , kvinnor , bilar och hus
+```
+Other common determiners are shown in the following:
+```
+> %translate "this car, that car, these cars, those cars, some cars and all cars"
+* den här bilen , den där bilen , de här bilarna , de där bilarna , några bilar och alla bilar
+
+```
+Generate more examples of nouns with determiners:
+```
+> gr -number=11 (DetCN ? (UseN ?)) | l
+* much reason
+* mycket anledning
+* 
+* few grammars
+* få grammatiker
+* 
+* some teacher
+* någon lärare
+```
+You will find out that other determiners can combine with numerals, such as in
+```
+> %translate "these seven sisters"
+* de här sju systrarna
+```
+In these cases, the definite article suddenly appears as a word: #SWE
+```
+> %translate "the seven sisters"
+* de sju systrarna
+```

src/compiler/GFI.hs

@@ -130,6 +130,10 @@ loop opts gfenv0 = do
              writeFile "_gfdepgraph.dot" (depGraph sgr)
              putStrLn "wrote graph in file _gfdepgraph.dot"
              loopNewCPU gfenv
+          "eh":w:_ -> do
+             cs <- readFile w >>= return . map (interpretCommandLine enc env) . lines
+             loopNewCPU gfenv
+
           "i":args -> do
               gfenv' <- case parseOptions args of
                           Ok (opts',files) -> do