diff --git a/lib/src/french/DiffFre.gf b/lib/src/french/DiffFre.gf
index 831c5e3f3..e920ebdb1 100644
--- a/lib/src/french/DiffFre.gf
+++ b/lib/src/french/DiffFre.gf
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ instance DiffFre of DiffRomance - [
 "fus";"fus";"fut";"fûmes";"fûtes";"furent";--# notpresent
 "serai";"seras";"sera";"serons";"serez";"seront";--# notpresent
 "serais";"serais";"serait";"serions";"seriez";"seraient";--# notpresent
-"sois";"soyons";"soyez";"été";"étés";"étée";"étées";"étant"]; vtyp=VTyp VHabere False ; p = []} ;
+"sois";"soyons";"soyez";"été";"étés";"étée";"étées";"étant";"étant"]; vtyp=VTyp VHabere False ; p = []} ;
 
     avoir_V : Verb = {s=table VF ["avoir";"avoir";"ai";"as";"a";"avons";"avez";"ont";"aie";"aies";"ait"
 ;"ayons";"ayez";"aient";
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ instance DiffFre of DiffRomance - [
 "eus";"eus";"eut";"eûmes";"eûtes";"eurent";--# notpresent
 "aurai";"auras";"aura";"aurons";"aurez";"auront";--# notpresent
 "aurais";"aurais";"aurait";"aurions";"auriez";"auraient";--# notpresent
-"aie";"ayons";"ayez";"eu";"eus";"eue";"eues";"ayant"];vtyp=VTyp VHabere True ; p = []} ; ---- a-t-il eut-il
+"aie";"ayons";"ayez";"eu";"eus";"eue";"eues";"ayant";"ayant"];vtyp=VTyp VHabere True ; p = []} ; ---- a-t-il eut-il
 
   datClit = "y" ;
   genClit = "en" ;
diff --git a/lib/src/romance/ResRomance.gf b/lib/src/romance/ResRomance.gf
index 7c3692014..dbc43ba8a 100644
--- a/lib/src/romance/ResRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/src/romance/ResRomance.gf
@@ -276,18 +276,14 @@ oper
 --- have a "-" with possibly a special verb form with "t":
 --- "comment fera-t-il" vs. "comment fera Pierre"
 
-  infVP : VP -> Agr -> Str = \vp ->
+  infVP : VP -> Agr -> Str = nominalVP VInfin ;
+
+  gerVP : VP -> Agr -> Str = nominalVP (\_ -> VGer) ;
+
+  nominalVP : (Bool -> VF) -> VP -> Agr -> Str = \vf,vp,agr ->
       let
         iform = orB vp.clit3.hasClit (isVRefl vp.s.vtyp) ;
-        vf    = VInfin iform ;    
-      in
-      nominalVP vf iform vp ;
-
-  gerVP : VP -> Agr -> Str = nominalVP VGer True ;
-
-  nominalVP : VF -> Bool -> VP -> Agr -> Str = \vf,iform,vp,agr ->
-      let
-        inf   = vp.s.s ! vf ;
+        inf   = vp.s.s ! vf iform ;
         neg   = vp.neg ! RPos ;             --- Neg not in API
         obj   = vp.s.p ++ vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.ext ! RPos ; ---- pol
         refl  = case isVRefl vp.s.vtyp of {
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFre.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFre.gf
index 1cbc91913..acd047b4b 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFre.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsFre.gf
@@ -77,16 +77,16 @@ lin
 
    PresPartAP vp = {
     s = table {
-      AF g n => nominalVP VPresPart True vp (agrP3 g n) ;
-      _ => nominalVP VPresPart True vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
+      AF g n => nominalVP (\_ -> VPresPart) vp (agrP3 g n) ;
+      _ => nominalVP (\_ -> VPresPart) vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
       } ;
     isPre = False
     } ;
 
   PastPartAP vp = {
     s = table {
-      AF g n => nominalVP (VPart g n) True vp (agrP3 g n) ;
-      _ => nominalVP (VPart Masc Sg) True vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
+      AF g n => nominalVP (\_ -> VPart g n) vp (agrP3 g n) ;
+      _ => nominalVP (\_ -> VPart Masc Sg) vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
       } ;
     isPre = False
     } ;
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsIta.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsIta.gf
index 38f5b7057..0a180b421 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsIta.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsIta.gf
@@ -76,16 +76,16 @@ lin
 
    PresPartAP vp = {
     s = table {
-      AF g n => nominalVP VPresPart True vp (agrP3 g n) ;
-      _ => nominalVP VPresPart True vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
+      AF g n => nominalVP (\_ -> VPresPart) vp (agrP3 g n) ;
+      _ => nominalVP (\_ -> VPresPart) vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
       } ;
     isPre = False
     } ;
 
   PastPartAP vp = {
     s = table {
-      AF g n => nominalVP (VPart g n) True vp (agrP3 g n) ;
-      _ => nominalVP (VPart Masc Sg) True vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
+      AF g n => nominalVP (\_ -> VPart g n) vp (agrP3 g n) ;
+      _ => nominalVP (\_ -> VPart Masc Sg) vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
       } ;
     isPre = False
     } ;
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsSpa.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsSpa.gf
index eccbd87bf..df7b005f6 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsSpa.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsSpa.gf
@@ -77,16 +77,16 @@ lin
 
    PresPartAP vp = {
     s = table {
-      AF g n => nominalVP VPresPart True vp (agrP3 g n) ;
-      _ => nominalVP VPresPart True vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
+      AF g n => nominalVP (\_ -> VPresPart) vp (agrP3 g n) ;
+      _ => nominalVP (\_ -> VPresPart) vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
       } ;
     isPre = False
     } ;
 
   PastPartAP vp = {
     s = table {
-      AF g n => nominalVP (VPart g n) True vp (agrP3 g n) ;
-      _ => nominalVP (VPart Masc Sg) True vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
+      AF g n => nominalVP (\_ -> VPart g n) vp (agrP3 g n) ;
+      _ => nominalVP (\_ -> VPart Masc Sg) vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)  ---- the adverb form
       } ;
     isPre = False
     } ;