diff --git a/lib/src/finnish/frequency/particles.txt b/lib/src/finnish/frequency/particles.txt index 7dc8ae515..e47724b84 100644 --- a/lib/src/finnish/frequency/particles.txt +++ b/lib/src/finnish/frequency/particles.txt @@ -1,10 +1,28 @@ +On the syntax of clitic particles in Finnish + -- AR 29/12/2010 -Pas ::= pas | pa | han | kos | ko | kohan | pahan -- free -Kin ::= kin/kaan -- dep. on polarity +The clitic particles come in two groups: + + Pas ::= pas | pa | han | kos | ko | kohan | pahan -- free variation + Kin ::= kin/kaan -- depending on polarity + +(vowel harmony ignored). A Finnish sentence can have at most one of each. A Pas clitic is +always attached to the first word ("Aripas juo maitoa") or phrase such as NP +("minun poikanipas juo maitoa"). A Kin clitic can be attached to almost any word; if the +same as Pas, Kin must come first ("Arikinhan juo maitoa"). Some combinations are clumsy +but presumably OK ("Arikinpas"). If the verb is first, it doesn't seem to allow Kin +(*"juokin Ari maitoa"). + +The following is a list of combinatory possibilities. Adverbs (represented by "nyt") +can be added ad libitum - at most two of them then become carriers of clitics +("nythän Ari juo maitoa täälläkin"). + -- declaratives and questions +(Notice that, in the presence of "ei", Kin is "kaan", otherwise "kin".) + ari Pas? ei? (juo Kin maitoa nyt | juo maitoa Kin nyt | juo maitoa nyt Kin?) maitoa Pas? ei? (ari Kin juo nyt | ari juo Kin nyt | ari juo nyt Kin?) nyt Pas? ei? (ari Kin juo maitoa | ari juo Kin maitoa | ari juo maitoa Kin?) @@ -19,14 +37,19 @@ ei Pas? (ari Kin juo maitoa nyt | ari juo Kin maitoa nyt | ari juo maitoa Ki -- imperatives +The question clitic is (for obvious semantic reasons) omitted from the Pas category: + + Pas- ::= pa | pas | han | pahan + juo Pas-? (ari Kin maitoa nyt | ari maitoa Kin nyt | ari maitoa nyt Kin?) älä Pas-? (ari Kin juo maitoa nyt | ari juo Kin maitoa nyt | ari juo maitoa Kin nyt | ari juo maitoa nyt Kin?) -Pas- ::= pa | pas | han | pahan -- negation word -*enkään, *etkään, *eikään, ?emmekään, ?ettekään, ?eivätkään (quite some Google hits) +Strangely enough, Kin seems to be getting accepted in plural (= two-syllabic) negations: + + *enkään, *etkään, *eikään, ?emmekään, ?ettekään, ?eivätkään (quite some Google hits)