New things in english and german resources.

grammars/resource/german/Morpho.gf

@@ -396,4 +396,3 @@ oper
 -}
 
 } ;
-

grammars/resource/german/Paradigms.gf

@@ -190,6 +190,11 @@ oper
   tvDir    : V -> TV ;                   -- umbringen
   tvDirReg : Str -> TV ;                 -- lieben
 
+-- Three-place verbs require two prepositions and cases.
+
+  mkV3 : V -> Str -> Case -> Str -> Case -> TV ;  -- geben,[],dative,[],accusative
+
+
 --2 Adverbials
 --
 -- Adverbials for modifying verbs, adjectives, and sentences can be formed 
@@ -292,6 +297,7 @@ oper
   tvReg = \hören, zu, dat -> mkTV (vReg hören) zu dat ;
   tvDir = \v -> mkTV v [] accusative ;
   tvDirReg = \v -> tvReg v [] accusative ; 
+  mkV3 = mkDitransVerb ;
 
   mkAdV = ss ;
   mkPP = prepPhrase ;

grammars/resource/german/Predication.gf

@@ -13,16 +13,17 @@ resource Predication = open Deutsch in {
 -- We first define a set of predication patterns.
 
 oper
-  predV1 : V -> NP -> S ;             -- one-place verb: "John walks"
-  predV2 : TV -> NP -> NP -> S ;      -- two-place verb: "John loves Mary"
-  predVColl : V -> NP -> NP -> S ;    -- collective verb: "John and Mary fight"
-  predA1 : Adj1 -> NP -> S ;          -- one-place adjective: "John is old"
-  predA2 : Adj2 -> NP -> NP -> S ;    -- two-place adj: "John is married to Mary"
+  predV1 : V -> NP -> S ;               -- one-place verb: "John walks"
+  predV2 : TV -> NP -> NP -> S ;        -- two-place verb: "John loves Mary"
+  predV3 : TV -> NP -> NP -> NP -> S ;  -- three-place verb: "John gives Mary beer"
+  predVColl : V -> NP -> NP -> S ;      -- collective verb: "John and Mary fight"
+  predA1 : Adj1 -> NP -> S ;            -- one-place adjective: "John is old"
+  predA2 : Adj2 -> NP -> NP -> S ;      -- two-place adj: "John is married to Mary"
   predAComp : AdjDeg -> NP -> NP -> S ; -- compar adj: "John is older than Mary"
-  predAColl : Adj1 -> NP -> NP -> S ; -- collective adj: "John and Mary are married"
-  predN1 : N -> NP -> S ;             -- one-place noun: "John is a man"
-  predN2 : Fun -> NP -> NP -> S ;     -- two-place noun: "John is a lover of Mary"
-  predNColl : N -> NP -> NP -> S ;    -- collective noun: "John and Mary are lovers"
+  predAColl : Adj1 -> NP -> NP -> S ;   -- collect adj: "John and Mary are married"
+  predN1 : N -> NP -> S ;               -- one-place noun: "John is a man"
+  predN2 : Fun -> NP -> NP -> S ;       -- two-place noun: "John is a lover of Mary"
+  predNColl : N -> NP -> NP -> S ;      -- collect noun: "John and Mary are lovers"
 
 -- Individual-valued function applications.
 
@@ -42,9 +43,13 @@ oper
 
 -- Logical connectives on two sentences.
 
-  conjS : S -> S -> S ;
-  disjS : S -> S -> S ;
-  implS : S -> S -> S ;
+  conjS : S -> S -> S ;  -- A and B
+  disjS : S -> S -> S ;  -- A or B
+  implS : S -> S -> S ;  -- if A, B
+
+-- A variant of implication.
+
+  ifThenS : S -> S -> S ;  -- if A, then B
 
 -- As an auxiliary, we need two-place conjunction of names ("John and Mary"), 
 -- used in collective predication.
@@ -80,6 +85,8 @@ oper
   disjS = \A, B -> ConjS OrConj (TwoS A B) ;
   implS = \A, B -> SubjS IfSubj A B ;
 
+  ifThenS = \A,B -> SubjS IfSubj A {s = \\o => "then" ++ B.s ! o} ; --- not in Res
+
   constrTyp1 = \F, A -> AppFun F (IndefManyNP A) ;
 
   conjNP = \x, y -> ConjNP AndConj (TwoNP x y) ;

grammars/resource/german/ResDeu.gf

@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ lincat
   V      = Verb ; 
       -- = {s : VForm => Str ; s2 : Particle} ;
   VP     = Verb ** {s3 : Number => Str} ;
-  TV     = Verb ** {s3 : Preposition ; c : Case} ;
+  TV     = TransVerb ; 
+      -- = Verb ** {s3 : Preposition ; c : Case} ;
+  V3     = TransVerb ** {s4 : Preposition ; c2 : Case} ;
   VS     = Verb ;
   AdV    = {s : Str} ;
 
@@ -110,6 +112,9 @@ lin
   NegNP = predNounPhrase False ;
   PosVS = complSentVerb True ;
   NegVS = complSentVerb False ;
+  PosV3 = complDitransVerb True ;
+  NegV3 = complDitransVerb False ;
+  VTrans = transAsVerb ;
 
   AdvVP = adVerbPhrase ;
   LocNP = locativeNounPhrase ;

grammars/resource/german/Syntax.gf

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ oper
   n2n = noun2CommNounPhrase ;
 
 
-
 --2 Noun phrases
 --
 -- The worst case is pronouns, which have inflection in the possessive
@@ -70,6 +69,26 @@ oper
   mkProperName : Str -> ProperName = \horst ->
     {s = table {Gen => horst + "s" ; _ => horst}} ;
 
+--2 Mass nouns
+--
+-- Mass nouns are morphologically similar to nouns, but they have one special
+-- rule of noun phrase formation, using the bare singular (in German).
+-- Example: "Bier ist gut".
+-- They can also be coerced to common nouns: "ein Mexikanisches Bier".
+
+  MassNounPhrase : Type = CommNounPhrase ;
+
+  massNounPhrase : MassNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \bier -> {
+     s = \\c => let {nc = caseNP c} in 
+                bier.s ! adjfCas Strong nc ! Sg ! nc ;
+     p = P3 ; 
+     n = Sg ;
+     pro = False
+     } ;
+
+  massCommNoun : MassNounPhrase -> CommNounPhrase = \x -> x ;
+
+
 --2 Determiners
 --
 -- Determiners are inflected according to the nouns they determine.
@@ -77,14 +96,15 @@ oper
 
   Determiner : Type = {s : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number ; a : Adjf} ;
 
-  detNounPhrase : Determiner -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \ein, mann -> 
-    {s = \\c => let {nc = caseNP c} in 
+  detNounPhrase : Determiner -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \ein, mann -> {
+     s = \\c => let {nc = caseNP c} in 
             ein.s ! mann.g ! nc ++ mann.s ! adjfCas ein.a nc ! ein.n ! nc ;
      p = P3 ; 
      n = ein.n ;
      pro = False
      } ;
 
+
 -- The adjectival form after a determiner depends both on the inferent form
 -- and on the case ("ein alter Mann" but "einem alten Mann").
 
@@ -400,6 +420,40 @@ oper
      s3 = \\_ => negation b ++ lieben.s ! VPart APred
     } ;
 
+-- Transitive verb can be used elliptically as a verb. The semantics
+-- is left to applications. The definition is trivial, due to record
+-- subtyping.
+
+  transAsVerb : TransVerb -> Verb = \lieben -> 
+    lieben ;
+
+-- *Ditransitive verbs* are verbs with three argument places.
+-- We treat so far only the rule in which the ditransitive
+-- verb takes both complements to form a verb phrase.
+
+  DitransVerb = TransVerb ** {s4 : Preposition ; c2 : Case} ; 
+
+  mkDitransVerb : 
+    Verb -> Preposition -> Case -> Preposition -> Case -> DitransVerb =
+    \v,p1,c1,p2,c2 -> v ** {s3 = p1 ; c = c1 ; s4 = p2 ; c2 = c2} ;
+
+  complDitransVerb : 
+    Bool -> DitransVerb -> NounPhrase -> NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase = 
+    \b,geben,dir,bier ->
+    let {
+      zudir   = geben.s3 ++ dir.s ! NPCase geben.c ; 
+      dasbier = geben.s4 ++ bier.s ! NPCase geben.c2 ;
+      nicht = negation b
+      } in
+    {s  = geben.s ; 
+     s2 = geben.s2 ;
+     s3 = \\_ => variants {
+       nicht ++ zudir ++ dasbier ;
+       zudir ++ nicht ++ dasbier ;
+       zudir ++ dasbier ++ nicht
+       }
+    } ;
+  
 
 --2 Adverbials
 --
@@ -699,7 +753,7 @@ oper
 
 --2 Sentence adverbials
 --
--- This class covers adverbials such as "sonst", "folgelich", which are prefixed
+-- This class covers adverbials such as "sonst", "deshalb", which are prefixed
 -- to a sentence to form a phrase; the sentence gets inverted word order.
 
   advSentence : Adverb -> Sentence -> Utterance = \sonst,ist1gerade ->

grammars/resource/german/TestDeu.gf

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ lin
   Small = adjCompReg "klein" ;
   Old = adjCompReg3 "alt" "älter" "ältest";
   Young = adjCompReg3 "jung" "jünger" "jüngst";
+  American = adjReg "Amerikanisch" ;
+  Finnish = adjReg "Finnisch" ;
+  Married = adjReg "verheiratet" ** {s2 = "mit" ; c = Dat} ;
   Man = declN2u "Mann" "Männer" ;
   Woman = declN1 "Frau" ;
   Car = declNs "Auto" ;
@@ -20,7 +23,11 @@ lin
   Prove = mkVerbSimple (regVerb "beweisen") ;
   Send = mkTransVerb (mkVerbSimple (verbLaufen "senden" "sendet" "gesandt")) [] Acc;
   Love = mkTransVerb (mkVerbSimple (regVerb "lieben")) [] Acc ;
-  Wait =  mkTransVerb (mkVerbSimple (verbWarten "warten")) "auf" Acc ;
+  Wait = mkTransVerb (mkVerbSimple (verbWarten "warten")) "auf" Acc ;
+  Give = mkDitransVerb 
+           (mkVerbSimple (verbLaufen "geben" "gibt" "gegeben")) [] Dat [] Acc ;
+  Prefer = mkDitransVerb 
+           (mkVerb (verbLaufen "ziehen" "zieht" "gezogen") "vor") [] Acc "vor" Dat ;
   Mother = mkFunC (n2n (declN2uF "Mutter" "Mütter")) "von" Dat ;
   Uncle = mkFunC (n2n (declN2i "Onkel")) "von" Dat ;
   Connection = mkFunC (n2n (declN1 "Verbindung")) "von" Dat **