diff --git a/lib/src/chinese/AdverbChi.gf b/lib/src/chinese/AdverbChi.gf
index d47786c8b..dcabdefec 100644
--- a/lib/src/chinese/AdverbChi.gf
+++ b/lib/src/chinese/AdverbChi.gf
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ concrete AdverbChi of Adverb = CatChi **
   open ResChi, Prelude in {
 
   lin
-    PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.s ; advType = ATManner} ;
+    PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.s ++ "地" ; advType = ATManner} ; ---- for all adjs?
 
     PrepNP prep np = ss (appPrep prep np.s) ** {advType = prep.advType} ; --- should depend on np too ? 
 
diff --git a/lib/src/chinese/NounChi.gf b/lib/src/chinese/NounChi.gf
index b5ec68c64..4b8d16925 100644
--- a/lib/src/chinese/NounChi.gf
+++ b/lib/src/chinese/NounChi.gf
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ concrete NounChi of Noun = CatChi ** open ResChi, Prelude in {
     PPartNP np v2 = mkNP ((predV v2 v2.part).verb.s ++ possessive_s ++ np.s) ; ---- ??
 
     AdvNP np adv = mkNP (adv.s ++ possessiveIf adv.advType ++ np.s) ;
+    ExtAdvNP np adv = mkNP (adv.s ++ possessiveIf adv.advType ++ embedInCommas np.s) ; ---- commas?
 
     DetQuant quant num = {
       s = case num.numType of {
diff --git a/lib/src/chinese/VerbChi.gf b/lib/src/chinese/VerbChi.gf
index 28a14a7a9..8d3f3af58 100644
--- a/lib/src/chinese/VerbChi.gf
+++ b/lib/src/chinese/VerbChi.gf
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ concrete VerbChi of Verb = CatChi ** open ResChi, Prelude in {
       insertObj np
         (insertObj (mkNP (infVP vp)) (predV v v.part)) ** {c2 = vp.c2 ; isPre = vp.isPre} ;
 
-    AdvVP vp adv = case adv.advType of {
+    ExtAdvVP, AdvVP = \vp,adv -> case adv.advType of {  ---- ExtAdvVP also ?
       ATManner => insertObj (ss (deVAdv_s ++ adv.s)) vp ;           -- he sleeps *well*
       ATPlace True => insertAdvPost adv vp ;                        -- he today *in the house* sleeps
       ATPlace False => insertAdvPost (ss (zai_V.s ++ adv.s)) vp ;   -- he today *here* sleeps
diff --git a/lib/src/dutch/NounDut.gf b/lib/src/dutch/NounDut.gf
index 63c2854a6..6b95f519b 100644
--- a/lib/src/dutch/NounDut.gf
+++ b/lib/src/dutch/NounDut.gf
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ concrete NounDut of Noun = CatDut ** open ResDut, Prelude in {
       a = np.a
       } ;
 
+    ExtAdvNP np adv = heavyNP {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ embedInCommas adv.s ;
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
+
     DetQuantOrd quant num ord = 
       let 
         n = num.n ;
diff --git a/lib/src/german/NounGer.gf b/lib/src/german/NounGer.gf
index 25dab5565..fb2115cce 100644
--- a/lib/src/german/NounGer.gf
+++ b/lib/src/german/NounGer.gf
@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ concrete NounGer of Noun = CatGer ** open ResGer, MorphoGer, Prelude in {
       a = np.a
       } ;
 
+    ExtAdvNP np adv = heavyNP {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ embedInCommas adv.s ;
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
+
     DetQuantOrd quant num ord = 
       let 
         n = num.n ;
diff --git a/lib/src/romance/NounRomance.gf b/lib/src/romance/NounRomance.gf
index f14596ac5..9fecb0540 100644
--- a/lib/src/romance/NounRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/src/romance/NounRomance.gf
@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
       hasClit = False
       } ;
 
+    ExtAdvNP np adv = heavyNPpol np.isNeg {
+      s = \\c => (np.s ! c).ton ++ embedInCommas adv.s ;
+      a = np.a ;
+      hasClit = False
+      } ;
+
     DetQuantOrd quant num ord = {
       s,sp = \\g,c => quant.s ! num.isNum ! num.n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g ++ 
                    ord.s ! aagr g num.n ;
diff --git a/lib/src/scandinavian/NounScand.gf b/lib/src/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
index 4b811e0f7..93ed4cbc3 100644
--- a/lib/src/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
+++ b/lib/src/scandinavian/NounScand.gf
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ incomplete concrete NounScand of Noun =
       a = np.a
       } ;
 
+    ExtAdvNP np adv = {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ embedInCommas adv.s ;
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
+
     DetQuantOrd quant num ord = {
       s = \\b,g => quant.s ! num.n ! b ! True ! g ++ 
                    num.s ! g ++ ord.s ;
diff --git a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsChi.gf b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsChi.gf
index da11323d5..0e823ee0e 100644
--- a/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsChi.gf
+++ b/lib/src/translator/ExtensionsChi.gf
@@ -51,6 +51,15 @@ lin
     s = v.s ;
     c = ge_s ---- ge
   } ;
+
+  GerundNP vp = {
+    s = infVP vp ; ---- ?
+  } ;
+
+  GerundAdv vp = {
+    s = infVP vp ++ "地" ; ---- ?
+    advType = ATManner ;
+  } ;
   
   GerundAP v = {
     s = v.s ++ de_s ; ----