documented Paradigms for Swe, Ger, Fre

lib/src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf

@@ -45,21 +45,21 @@ oper
 
 -- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
 
-  Number : Type ; 
+  Number : Type ;  --%
 
-  singular : Number ;
+  singular : Number ; --%
-  plural   : Number ;
+  plural   : Number ; --%
 
 -- Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
 -- (including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
 -- amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' "de" and the
 -- 'dative' "à").
 
-  accusative : Prep ;
+  accusative : Prep ; -- direct object case
-  genitive   : Prep ;
+  genitive   : Prep ; -- genitive, constructed with "de"
-  dative     : Prep ;
+  dative     : Prep ; -- dative, usually constructed with "à"
 
-  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
+  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; -- preposition (other than "de" and "à")
 
 
 --2 Nouns
@@ -74,15 +74,15 @@ oper
 -- The gender heuristic is less reliable: it treats as feminine all
 -- nouns ending with "e" and "ion", all others as masculine.
 
-    mkN : (cheval : Str) -> N ;
+    mkN : (cheval : Str) -> N ;  -- predictable, with variations like cheval-chevaux
 
 -- Adding gender information widens the scope of the regular pattern.
 
-    mkN : (foie : Str) -> Gender -> N ; 
+    mkN : (foie : Str) -> Gender -> N ; --%
 
 -- In the worst case, both singular and plural forms and the gender are needed. 
 
-    mkN : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
+    mkN : (oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- worst-case noun
 
 --3 Compound nouns 
 --
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ oper
 -- They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
 -- they are frequent in lexica.
 
-    mkN : N -> Str -> N
+    mkN : N -> Str -> N -- compound noun, e.g. numéro + de téléphone
   } ; 
 
 
@@ -101,17 +101,17 @@ oper
 -- 
 -- Relational nouns ("fille de x") need a case and a preposition. 
 
-  mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
+  mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; -- e.g. fille + genitive
 
 -- The most common cases are the genitive "de" and the dative "à", 
 -- with the empty preposition.
 
-  deN2 : N -> N2 ;
+  deN2 : N -> N2 ; --%
-  aN2  : N -> N2 ;
+  aN2  : N -> N2 ; --%
 
 -- Three-place relational nouns ("la connection de x à y") need two prepositions.
 
-  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; -- e.g. connection + genitive + dative
 
 
 --3 Relational common noun phrases
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ oper
 -- feminine is used for strings ending with "e", the masculine for other strings.
 
   mkPN  : overload {
-    mkPN : Str -> PN ;
+    mkPN : Str -> PN ; -- feminine if ends with "e", otherwise masculine
-    mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN
+    mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN -- gender deviant from the simple rule
     } ;
 
 
@@ -144,21 +144,21 @@ oper
 -- "heureux-heureuse-heureux", "italien-italienne", "jeune-jeune",
 -- "amer-amère", "carré- - -carrément", "joli- - -joliment".
 
-    mkA : (cher : Str) -> A ;
+    mkA : (cher : Str) -> A ; -- predictable, e.g. cher-chère
 
 -- Often just the feminine singular is deviant.
 
-    mkA : (sec,seche : Str) -> A ;
+    mkA : (sec,seche : Str) -> A ; -- unpredictable feminine
 
 -- This is the worst-case paradigm for the positive forms.
 
-    mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ;
+    mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ; -- worst-case adjective
 
 -- If comparison forms are irregular (i.e. not formed by "plus", e.g.
 -- "bon-meilleur"), the positive and comparative can be given as separate
 -- adjectives.
 
-    mkA : A -> A -> A
+    mkA : A -> A -> A -- irregular comparison, e.g. bon-meilleur
   } ;
 
 -- The functions create by default postfix adjectives. To switch
@@ -166,14 +166,14 @@ oper
 -- modification, as in "petite maison"), the following function is
 -- provided.
 
-  prefixA : A -> A ;
+  prefixA : A -> A ; -- adjective that comes before noun, e.g. petit
 
 
 --3 Two-place adjectives
 --
 -- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
 
-  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
+  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; -- e.g. supérieur + dative
 
 
 --2 Adverbs
@@ -181,15 +181,15 @@ oper
 -- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
 -- after the verb. 
 
-  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; -- ordinary adverb
 
 -- Some appear next to the verb (e.g. "toujours").
 
-  mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
+  mkAdV : Str -> AdV ; -- sentential adverb, e.g. toujours
 
 -- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
 
-  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
+  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ; -- modify adjective, e.g. très
 
 
 --2 Verbs
@@ -210,23 +210,23 @@ oper
 -- (("il") "jette", "jettera") as second argument.
 
   mkV : overload {
-    mkV : (finir : Str) -> V ;
+    mkV : (finir : Str) -> V ; -- regular 1/2/3 conjugation
-    mkV : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V ;
+    mkV : (jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V ; -- 1st conjugation variations
 
 -- The $IrregFre$ list gives some verbs as two-place. These verbs can be
 -- reused as one-place verbs.
 
-    mkV : V2 -> V
+    mkV : V2 -> V ; -- make 2-place to 1-place (e.g. from IrregFre)
   } ;
 
 -- The function $mkV$ gives the default compound auxiliary "avoir".
 -- To change it to "être", use the following function. 
 
-  etreV : V -> V ;
+  etreV : V -> V ; -- force auxiliary to be être (default avoir)
 
 -- This function turns a verb into reflexive, which implies the auxiliary "être".
 
-  reflV : V -> V ;
+  reflV : V -> V ; -- reflexive, implies auxiliary être, e.g. se demander
 
 
 --3 Two-place verbs
@@ -235,11 +235,11 @@ oper
 -- (transitive verbs). 
 
   mkV2 = overload {
-    mkV2 : Str -> V2 
+    mkV2 : Str -> V2  --%
     = \s -> dirV2 (regV s) ;
-    mkV2 : V -> V2 
+    mkV2 : V -> V2  -- direct transitive
     = dirV2 ;  
-    mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 
+    mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 -- e.g. se fier + genitive
     = mmkV2
   } ;
 
@@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ oper
 -- the first one or both can be absent.
 
   mkV3 : overload {
-    mkV3 : V -> V3 ;                -- donner,_,_
+    mkV3 : V -> V3 ;                -- donner (+ accusative + dative)    
-    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ;        -- placer,_,dans
+    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ;        -- placer (+ accusative) + dans
-    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3  -- parler, à, de
+    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3  -- parler + dative + genitive
     } ;
 
 --3 Other complement patterns
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ oper
 -- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
 -- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
 
-  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;  --%
   mkVS  : V -> VS ;
   mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
   mkVV  : V -> VV ;  -- plain infinitive: "je veux parler"
@@ -272,17 +272,17 @@ oper
   mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
   mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
 
-  mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+  mkAS  : A -> AS ; --%
-  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
+  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; --%
-  mkAV  : A -> Prep -> AV ;
+  mkAV  : A -> Prep -> AV ; --%
-  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V ;
+  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V ; --%
 
 -- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$,
 -- and the second argument is given as an adverb. Likewise 
 -- $V0$ is just $V$.
 
-  V0 : Type ;
+  V0 : Type ; --%
-  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
+  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; --%
 
 --.
 --2 Definitions of the paradigms

lib/src/german/ParadigmsGer.gf

@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ oper
   dative     : Case ;
   genitive   : Case ;
 
-  anDat_Case : Case ;
+  anDat_Case : Case ; -- preposition "an" accusative with contraction "am" --%
-  inAcc_Case : Case ;
+  inAcc_Case : Case ; -- preposition "in" accusative with contraction "ins" --%
-  inDat_Case : Case ;
+  inDat_Case : Case ; -- preposition "in" dative with contraction "am" --%
-  zuDat_Case : Case ;
+  zuDat_Case : Case ; -- preposition "zu" dative with contractions "zum", "zur" --%
 
 -- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
 
@@ -69,19 +69,18 @@ mkN : overload {
 -- feminine with plural ending "-n, -en", and the rest are masculines
 -- with the plural "-e" (without Umlaut).
 
-  mkN : (Stufe : Str) -> N ;
+  mkN : (Stufe : Str) -> N ;  -- die Stufe-Stufen, der Tisch-Tische
 
 -- The 'almost regular' case is much like the information given in an ordinary
 -- dictionary. It takes the singular and plural nominative and the
 -- gender, and infers the other forms from these.
 
-  mkN : (Bild,Bilder : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
+  mkN : (Bild,Bilder : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- sg and pl nom, and gender
 
 -- Worst case: give all four singular forms, two plural forms (others + dative),
 -- and the gender.
 
-  mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N
+  mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N -- worst case: mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
-                       -- mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
   };
 
 
@@ -89,9 +88,9 @@ mkN : overload {
 -- the dative, and there is a special case for regular nouns.
 
   mkN2 : overload {
-    mkN2 : Str -> N2 ;
+    mkN2 : Str -> N2 ; --%
-    mkN2 : N ->   N2 ; 
+    mkN2 : N ->   N2 ; -- noun + von
-    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2
+    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 -- noun + other preposition
     } ;   
 
 -- Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to  
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ mkN : overload {
 --
 -- Three-place relational nouns ("die Verbindung von x nach y") need two prepositions.
 
-  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; -- noun + two prepositions
 
 
 --3 Proper names and noun phrases
@@ -110,15 +109,15 @@ mkN : overload {
 -- taken into account.
 
   mkPN : overload {
-    mkPN : Str -> PN ;
+    mkPN : Str -> PN ; -- regular name with genitive in "s"
 
 -- If only the genitive differs, two strings are needed.
 
-    mkPN : (nom,gen : Str) -> PN ;
+    mkPN : (nom,gen : Str) -> PN ;  -- name with other genitive
 
 -- In the worst case, all four forms are needed.
 
-    mkPN : (nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> PN
+    mkPN : (nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> PN -- name with all case forms
     } ;
 
 
@@ -130,52 +129,52 @@ mkN : overload {
 -- The regular adjective formation works for most cases, and includes
 -- variations such as "teuer - teurer", "böse - böser".
 
-    mkA : Str -> A ;
+    mkA : Str -> A ; -- regular adjective, works for most cases
 
 -- Irregular adjectives need three forms - one for each degree.
 
-    mkA : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A ;
+    mkA : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A ; -- irregular comparison
 
 -- Sometimes an extra form is needed for positive forms.
 
-    mkA : (gut,gute,besser,beste : Str) -> A
+    mkA : (gut,gute,besser,beste : Str) -> A -- irregular positive if ending added
 
     } ;
 
 -- Invariable adjective are a special case. 
 
-  invarA : Str -> A ;            -- prima
+  invarA : Str -> A ;            -- invariable, e.g. prima
 
 -- Two-place adjectives are formed by adding a preposition to an adjective.
 
-  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
+  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; -- e.g. teilbar + durch
 
 --2 Adverbs
 
 -- Adverbs are formed from strings.
 
-  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; -- adverbs have just one form anyway
 
 
 --2 Prepositions
 
 -- A preposition is formed from a string and a case.
 
-  mkPrep : Str -> PCase -> Prep ;
+  mkPrep : Str -> Case -> Prep ; -- e.g. "durch" + accusative
   
 -- Often just a case with the empty string is enough.
 
-  accPrep : Prep ;
+  accPrep : Prep ; -- no string, just accusative case
-  datPrep : Prep ;
+  datPrep : Prep ; -- no string, just dative case
-  genPrep : Prep ;
+  genPrep : Prep ; -- no string, just genitive case
 
 -- A couple of common prepositions (the first two always with the dative).
 
-  von_Prep : Prep ;
+  von_Prep : Prep ; -- von + dative
-  zu_Prep  : Prep ;
+  zu_Prep  : Prep ; -- zu + dative, with contractions zum, zur
-  anDat_Prep : Prep ;
+  anDat_Prep : Prep ; -- an + dative, with contraction am
-  inDat_Prep : Prep ;
+  inDat_Prep : Prep ; -- in + dative, with contraction ins
-  inAcc_Prep : Prep ;
+  inAcc_Prep : Prep ; -- in + accusative, with contraction im
 
 --2 Verbs
 
@@ -183,11 +182,11 @@ mkV : overload {
 
 -- Regular verbs ("weak verbs") need just the infinitive form.
 
-  mkV : (führen : Str) -> V ;
+  mkV : (führen : Str) -> V ; -- regular verb
 
 -- Irregular verbs use Ablaut and, in the worst cases, also Umlaut.
 
-  mkV : (sehen,sieht,sah,sähe,gesehen : Str) -> V ;
+  mkV : (sehen,sieht,sah,sähe,gesehen : Str) -> V ; -- irregular verb theme
 
 -- The worst-case constructor needs six forms:
 -- - Infinitive, 
@@ -199,32 +198,32 @@ mkV : overload {
 --
 --
 
-  mkV : (geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben : Str) -> V ; 
+  mkV : (geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben : Str) -> V ;  -- worst-case verb
 
 -- To add a movable prefix e.g. "auf(fassen)".
 
-  mkV : Str -> V -> V
+  mkV : Str -> V -> V -- movable prefix, e.g. auf+fassen
 };
 
 
 -- To remove the past participle prefix "ge", e.g. for the verbs
 -- prefixed by "be-, ver-".
 
-  no_geV : V -> V ;
+  no_geV : V -> V ;  -- no participle "ge", e.g. "bedeuten"
 
 -- To add a fixed prefix such as "be-, ver-"; this implies $no_geV$.
 
-  fixprefixV : Str -> V -> V ;
+  fixprefixV : Str -> V -> V ; -- add prefix such as "be"; implies no_ge
 
 -- To change the auxiliary from "haben" (default) to "sein" and
 -- vice-versa.
 
-  seinV  : V -> V ;
+  seinV  : V -> V ; -- force "sein" as auxiliary
-  habenV : V -> V ;
+  habenV : V -> V ; -- force "haben" as auxiliary
 
 -- Reflexive verbs can take reflexive pronouns of different cases.
 
-  reflV  : V -> Case -> V ;
+  reflV  : V -> Case -> V ; -- reflexive, with case
 
 
 --3 Two-place verbs
@@ -233,19 +232,19 @@ mkV2 : overload {
 
 -- Two-place regular verbs with direct object (accusative, transitive verbs).
 
-  mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
+  mkV2 : Str -> V2 ; --%
 
 -- Two-place verbs with direct object.
 
-  mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
+  mkV2 : V -> V2 ; -- direct object
 
 -- Two-place verbs with a preposition.
 
-  mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
+  mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; -- preposition for complement
 
 -- Two-place verbs with object in the given case.
 
-  mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2
+  mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2 ; -- just case for complement
 };
 
 
@@ -254,16 +253,17 @@ mkV2 : overload {
 -- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
 -- the first one or both can be absent.
 
-  mkV3     : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ;  -- sprechen, mit, über
+  accdatV3 : V -> V3 ;                  -- geben + acc + dat
-  dirV3    : V -> Prep -> V3 ;          -- senden,(accusative),nach
+  dirV3    : V -> Prep -> V3 ;          -- senden + acc + nach
-  accdatV3 : V -> V3 ;                  -- give,accusative,dative
+  mkV3     : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ;  -- sprechen + mit + über
+
 
 --3 Other complement patterns
 --
 -- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
 -- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
 
-  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+  mkV0  : V -> V0 ; --%
   mkVS  : V -> VS ;
   mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
   mkVV  : V -> VV ;
@@ -273,17 +273,17 @@ mkV2 : overload {
   mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
   mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
 
-  mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+  mkAS  : A -> AS ; --%
-  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
+  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; --%
-  mkAV  : A -> AV ;
+  mkAV  : A -> AV ; --%
-  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ;
+  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ; --%
 
 -- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$, 
 -- and the second argument is given as an adverb. Likewise 
 -- $V0$ is just $V$.
 
-  V0 : Type ;
+  V0 : Type ; --%
-  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
+  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; --%
 
 
 --.

lib/src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf

@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ resource ParadigmsSwe =
 oper
   Gender : Type ; 
 
-  utrum     : Gender ;
+  utrum     : Gender ;  -- the "en" gender
-  neutrum   : Gender ;
+  neutrum   : Gender ;  -- the "ett" gender
 
 -- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
 
@@ -53,14 +53,14 @@ oper
 
 -- To abstract over case names, we define the following.
 
-  Case : Type ;
+  Case : Type ; --%
 
-  nominative : Case ;
+  nominative : Case ; --%
-  genitive   : Case ;
+  genitive   : Case ; --%
 
 -- Prepositions used in many-argument functions can be constructed from strings.
 
-  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
+  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;  -- e.g. "till"
   noPrep : Prep ;         -- empty string
 
 
@@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ oper
 -- to treat all words ending with "a" like "apa-apor", with "e" like "rike-riken",
 -- and otherwise like "bil-bilar".
 
-    mkN : (apa : Str) -> N ;
+    mkN : (apa : Str) -> N ; -- predictable nouns: apa-apor, rike-riken, or bil-bilar
 
 -- The case with a string and gender makes it possible to treat 
 -- "lik" (neutrum) and "pojke" (utrum).
 
-    mkN : (lik : Str) -> Gender -> N ; 
+    mkN : (lik : Str) -> Gender -> N ; --%
 
 -- Giving two forms - the singular and plural indefinite - is sufficient for
 -- most nouns. The paradigm deals correctly with the vowel contractions in 
 -- "nyckel - nycklar" such as "pojke - pojkar".
 
-    mkN : (nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> N ; 
+    mkN : (nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> N ; -- singular and plural suffice for most nouns
 
 -- In the worst case, four forms are needed.
 
-    mkN : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N
+    mkN : (museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N -- worst case for nouns
   } ;
 
 -- All the functions above work quite as well to form *compound nouns*,
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ oper
 -- with the preposition "av". 
 
   mkN2 : overload {
-    mkN2 : Str -> N2 ;
+--    mkN2 : Str -> N2 ;
-    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2
+    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 -- e.g. syster - till
   } ;
 
 -- Three-place relational nouns ("förbindelse från x till y") 
 -- need two prepositions.
 
-  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; -- e.g. flyg - från - till
 
 
 --3 Relational common noun phrases
@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ oper
 -- have the default gender utrum. 
 
   mkPN : overload {
-    mkPN : Str -> PN ;
+    mkPN : Str -> PN ;   -- default gender utrum
-    mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;
+    mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- set other gender
 
 -- In the worst case, the genitive form is irregular.
 
-    mkPN : (jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN
+    mkPN : (jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN -- irregular genitive
     } ;
 
 
@@ -152,24 +152,24 @@ oper
 -- also recognizes the neuter formation "galen-galet" and forms the
 -- proper plural and comparison forms "galna-galnare-galnast".
 
-    mkA : (bred,brett : Str) -> A ;
+    mkA : (bred,brett : Str) -> A ; -- predictable adjective
 
 -- Umlaut in comparison forms is 
 
-    mkA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ;
+    mkA : (tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A ; -- irregular comparison
 
 -- A few adjectives need 5 forms.
-    mkA : (god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A ;
+    mkA : (god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A ; -- very irregular
 
 -- Hardly any other adjective than "liten" needs the full 7 forms.
  
-    mkA : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A
+    mkA : (liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A -- worst case
     } ;
 
 -- Comparison forms may be compound ("mera svensk" - "mest svensk");
 -- this behaviour can be forced on any adjective.
 
-  compoundA : A -> A ;
+  compoundA : A -> A ; -- force comparison by mera - mest
 
 
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ oper
 --
 -- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
 
-  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
+  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; -- e.g. delbar - med
 
 
 --2 Adverbs
@@ -187,12 +187,12 @@ oper
 -- after the verb. Some can be preverbal in subordinate position
 -- (e.g. "alltid").
 
-  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;  -- här
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;  -- postverbal, e.g. här
-  mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;  -- alltid
+  mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;  -- preverbal, e.g. alltid
 
 -- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
 
-  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
+  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ; -- modify adjective, e.g. tämligen
 
 --2 Verbs
 --
@@ -210,19 +210,19 @@ oper
 -- as if they were implicitly suffixed by "r". Moreover, deponent verbs
 -- are recognized from the final "s" ("hoppas").
 
-    mkV : (stämmer : Str) -> V ;
+    mkV : (stämmer : Str) -> V ; -- predictable verb: use present indicative
 
 -- Most irregular verbs need just the conventional three forms.
 
-    mkV : (dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V ;
+    mkV : (dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V ; -- the theme of an irregular verb
 
 -- In the worst case, six forms are given.
 
-    mkV : (gå,går,gå,gick,gått,gången : Str) -> V ;
+    mkV : (gå,går,gå,gick,gått,gången : Str) -> V ; -- worst case
 
 -- Particle verbs, such as "passa på", are formed by adding a string to a verb.
 
-    mkV : V -> Str -> V
+    mkV : V -> Str -> V -- particle verb, e.g. passa - på
     } ;
 
 
@@ -232,8 +232,8 @@ oper
 -- reflexive e.g. "ångra sig". Regular deponent verbs are also
 -- handled by $mkV$ and recognized from the ending "s".
 
-  depV  : V -> V ;
+  depV  : V -> V ; -- deponent verb, e.g. andas
-  reflV : V -> V ;
+  reflV : V -> V ; -- reflexive verb, e.g. ångra sig
 
 
 --3 Two-place verbs
@@ -244,10 +244,10 @@ oper
 -- Notice that, if a particle is needed, it comes from the $V$.
 
   mkV2 : overload {
-    mkV2 : Str -> V2 ;
+    mkV2 : Str -> V2 ; --%
-    mkV2 : V   -> V2 ;
+    mkV2 : V   -> V2 ; -- direct transitive
-    mkV2 : Str -> Prep -> V2 ;
+    mkV2 : Str -> Prep -> V2 ; --%
-    mkV2 : V   -> Prep -> V2
+    mkV2 : V   -> Prep -> V2 ; -- preposition for complement
     } ;
 
 
@@ -258,10 +258,10 @@ oper
 -- verb (as in $mkV$) with no prepositions.
 
   mkV3 : overload {
-    mkV3 : Str -> V3 ;
+    mkV3 : Str -> V3 ; --%
-    mkV3 : V   -> V3 ;
+    mkV3 : V   -> V3 ; -- direct ditransitive
-    mkV3 : V   -> Prep -> V3 ;
+    mkV3 : V   -> Prep -> V3 ; -- preposition for last argument
-    mkV3 : V   -> Prep -> Prep -> V3
+    mkV3 : V   -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 -- prepositions for both complements
     } ;
 
 --3 Other complement patterns
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ oper
 -- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
 -- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
 
-  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+  mkV0  : V -> V0 ; --%
   mkVS  : V -> VS ; 
   mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
   mkVV  : V -> VV ;
@@ -279,16 +279,16 @@ oper
   mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
   mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
 
-  mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+  mkAS  : A -> AS ; --%
-  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
+  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; --%
-  mkAV  : A -> AV ;
+  mkAV  : A -> AV ; --%
-  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ;
+  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ; --%
 
 -- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
 -- $V0$ is just $V$.
 
-  V0 : Type ;
+  V0 : Type ; --%
-  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
+  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; --%
 
 --.
 --2 Definitions of the paradigms