richer extraction syntax

lib/resource/exper/abstract/Noun.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+--1 Noun: Nouns, noun phrases, and determiners
+
+abstract Noun = Cat ** {
+
+--2 Noun phrases
+
+-- The three main types of noun phrases are
+-- - common nouns with determiners
+-- - proper names
+-- - pronouns
+--
+--
+  fun
+    DetCN   : Det -> CN -> NP ;   -- the man
+    UsePN   : PN -> NP ;          -- John
+    UsePron : Pron -> NP ;        -- he
+
+-- Pronouns are defined in the module [``Structural`` Structural.html].
+
+-- A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a $Predet$erminer.
+
+    PredetNP : Predet -> NP -> NP; -- only the man 
+
+-- A noun phrase can also be postmodified by the past participle of a
+-- verb or by an adverb.
+
+    PPartNP : NP -> V2  -> NP ;    -- the number squared
+    AdvNP   : NP -> Adv -> NP ;    -- Paris at midnight
+
+--2 Determiners
+
+-- The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus'
+-- quantifier and two optional parts can be discerned. 
+-- The cardinal numeral is only available for plural determiners.
+-- (This is modified from CLE by further dividing their $Num$ into 
+-- cardinal and ordinal.)
+
+    DetSg : Quant ->        Ord -> Det ;  -- this best man
+    DetPl : Quant -> Num -> Ord -> Det ;  -- these five best men
+
+-- Notice that $DetPl$ can still result in a singular determiner, because
+-- "one" is a numeral: "this one man".
+
+-- Quantifiers that have both forms can be used in both ways.
+
+--- DEPRECATED: no longer needed
+---    SgQuant : Quant -> QuantSg ;            -- this
+---    PlQuant : Quant -> QuantPl ;            -- these
+
+-- Pronouns have possessive forms. Genitives of other kinds
+-- of noun phrases are not given here, since they are not possible
+-- in e.g. Romance languages. They can be found in
+-- [``Extra`` ../abstract/Extra.gf].
+
+    PossPron : Pron -> Quant ;    -- my (house)
+
+-- All parts of the determiner can be empty, except $Quant$, which is
+-- the "kernel" of a determiner.
+
+    NoNum  : Num ;
+    NoOrd  : Ord ;
+
+-- $Num$ consists of either digits or numeral words.
+
+    NumInt     : Int -> Num ;     -- 51 (DEPRECATED)
+    NumDigits  : Digits -> Num ;  -- 51
+    NumNumeral : Numeral -> Num ; -- fifty-one
+
+-- The construction of numerals is defined in [Numeral Numeral.html].
+
+-- $Num$ can  be modified by certain adverbs.
+
+    AdNum : AdN -> Num -> Num ;   -- almost 51
+
+-- $Ord$ consists of either digits or numeral words.
+
+    OrdInt     : Int -> Ord ;     -- 51st (DEPRECATED)
+    OrdDigits  : Digits -> Ord ;  -- 51st
+    OrdNumeral : Numeral -> Ord ; -- fifty-first
+    
+-- Superlative forms of adjectives behave syntactically in the same way as
+-- ordinals.
+
+    OrdSuperl : A -> Ord ;        -- largest
+
+-- Definite and indefinite constructions are sometimes realized as
+-- neatly distinct words (Spanish "un, unos ; el, los") but also without
+-- any particular word (Finnish; Swedish definites).
+
+    DefArt   : Quant ;            -- the (house), the (houses)
+    IndefArt : Quant ;            -- a (house), (houses)
+
+-- Nouns can be used without an article as mass nouns. The resource does
+-- not distinguish mass nouns from other common nouns, which can result
+-- in semantically odd expressions.
+
+    MassDet  : Quant ;            -- (beer)
+
+-- Other determiners are defined in [Structural Structural.html].
+
+
+
+--2 Common nouns
+
+-- Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright.
+
+    UseN : N -> CN ;              -- house
+
+-- Relational nouns take one or two arguments.
+
+    ComplN2 : N2 -> NP -> CN ;    -- son of the king
+    ComplN3 : N3 -> NP -> N2 ;    -- flight from Moscow (to Paris)
+
+-- Relational nouns can also be used without their arguments.
+-- The semantics is typically derivative of the relational meaning.
+
+    UseN2   : N2 -> CN ;          -- son
+    UseN3   : N3 -> CN ;          -- flight
+
+-- Nouns can be modified by adjectives, relative clauses, and adverbs
+-- (the last rule will give rise to many 'PP attachment' ambiguities
+-- when used in connection with verb phrases).
+
+    AdjCN   : AP -> CN  -> CN ;   -- big house
+    RelCN   : CN -> RS  -> CN ;   -- house that John owns
+    AdvCN   : CN -> Adv -> CN ;   -- house on the hill
+
+-- Nouns can also be modified by embedded sentences and questions.
+-- For some nouns this makes little sense, but we leave this for applications
+-- to decide. Sentential complements are defined in [Verb Verb.html].
+
+    SentCN  : CN -> SC  -> CN ;   -- fact that John smokes, question if he does
+
+--2 Apposition
+
+-- This is certainly overgenerating.
+
+    ApposCN : CN -> NP -> CN ;    -- number x, numbers x and y
+
+} ;