diff --git a/lib/resource/abstract/AllResource.gf b/lib/resource/abstract/AllResource.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ba1fa33a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/abstract/AllResource.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+abstract AllResource = Rules, Structural  ** {} ;
+
diff --git a/lib/resource/abstract/Resource.gf b/lib/resource/abstract/Resource.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd68f4393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/abstract/Resource.gf
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+interface Resource = reuse AllResource ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/resource/abstract/Rules.gf b/lib/resource/abstract/Rules.gf
index 25a71230f..1967b1bfa 100644
--- a/lib/resource/abstract/Rules.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/abstract/Rules.gf
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ fun
 
   SymbPN      : String -> PN ;             -- "x"
   SymbCN      : CN -> String -> CN ;       -- "number x"
+  IntCN       : CN -> Int -> CN ;          -- "number 53"
 
   IndefOneNP  : CN -> NP ;                 -- "a car", "cars"
   IndefNumNP  : Num -> CN -> NP ;          -- "houses", "86 houses"
diff --git a/lib/resource/abstract/Structural.gf b/lib/resource/abstract/Structural.gf
index 0c1b4626f..e61170a4b 100644
--- a/lib/resource/abstract/Structural.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/abstract/Structural.gf
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ fun
 -- pronouns "we" and "you".
 
   EveryDet, WhichDet, AllMassDet,             -- every, sg which, sg all
+  HowManyDet,                                 --- should actually be interrogative
   SomeDet, AnyDet, NoDet,                     -- sg some, any, no
   MostDet, MostsDet, ManyDet, MuchDet : Det ; -- sg most, pl most, many, much
   ThisDet, ThatDet : Det ;                    -- this, that
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ fun
   INP, ThouNP, HeNP, SheNP, ItNP : NP ;       -- personal pronouns in singular
   WeNumNP, YeNumNP : Num -> NP ;              -- these pronouns can take numeral 
   TheyNP : NP ; YouNP : NP ;                  -- they, the polite you
+  TheyFemNP : NP ;
 
   EverybodyNP, SomebodyNP, NobodyNP,          -- everybody, somebody, nobody
   EverythingNP, SomethingNP, NothingNP : NP ; -- everything, something, nothing
diff --git a/lib/resource/abstract/TestResource.gf b/lib/resource/abstract/TestResource.gf
index 55dda45e0..0e454e78f 100644
--- a/lib/resource/abstract/TestResource.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/abstract/TestResource.gf
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ fun
   Big, Happy, Small, Old, Young : ADeg ;
   American, Finnish : A1 ;
   Married : A2 ; 
-  Man, Woman, Car, House, Light, Bar, Bottle, Wine : N ;
+  Man, Woman, Car, House, Light, Bar, Bottle, Wine, Level : N ;
   Walk, Run : V ;
   Send, Wait, Love, Drink, SwitchOn, SwitchOff : V2 ;
   Give, Prefer : V3 ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/italian/SyntaxIta.gf b/lib/resource/italian/SyntaxIta.gf
index e7dbf4b18..7e03f8c6b 100644
--- a/lib/resource/italian/SyntaxIta.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/italian/SyntaxIta.gf
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ oper
 
   commentAdv = ss "comme" ;
   quandAdv = ss "quando" ;
-  ouAdv = ss "o" ;
+  ouAdv = ss "dove" ;
   pourquoiAdv = ss "perché" ;
 
   etConj = ss "e" ** {n = Pl} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/romance/RulesRomance.gf b/lib/resource/romance/RulesRomance.gf
index fafcd93a5..b9dccf45f 100644
--- a/lib/resource/romance/RulesRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/romance/RulesRomance.gf
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ lin
   SymbCN cn s =
     {s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ s.s ; 
      g = cn.g} ;
+  IntCN cn i =
+    {s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ i.s ; 
+     g = cn.g} ;
 
   CNthatS = nounThatSentence ;
 
diff --git a/lib/resource/romance/SyntaxRomance.gf b/lib/resource/romance/SyntaxRomance.gf
index 26eabc17e..9f957c9a8 100644
--- a/lib/resource/romance/SyntaxRomance.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/romance/SyntaxRomance.gf
@@ -407,6 +407,11 @@ oper
     VPF _ f => nombreVerb f
     } ;
 
+  isNotImperative : VPForm -> Bool = \v -> case v of {
+    VPF _ (VImper _) => False ;
+    _ => True
+    } ;
+
 -- Predication is language-dependent in the negative case.
 
   predVerb : Verb -> VerbGroup = \aller -> 
@@ -520,7 +525,7 @@ oper
          Jean = jean.s ! (case2pformClit aime.c) ; 
          AAime = formVerb2 aime g w ;
          A = AAime.verb ;
-         clit = (andB (isNounPhraseClit jean) (isTransVerbClit aime)) ;
+         clit = (andB (isNounPhraseClit jean) (andB (isTransVerbClit aime) (isNotImperative w))) ;
          Aime = if_then_Str clit
            (AAime.part ! pgen2gen jean.g ! jean.n)
            (AAime.part ! Masc ! Sg)
diff --git a/lib/resource/spanish/AllResourceSpa.gf b/lib/resource/spanish/AllResourceSpa.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9073a97c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/spanish/AllResourceSpa.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete AllResourceSpa of AllResource = RulesSpa, StructuralSpa  ** {} ;
+
diff --git a/lib/resource/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf b/lib/resource/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf
index dfa535eb2..145879f72 100644
--- a/lib/resource/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ oper haber_10 : Str -> Verbum = \haber ->
     VI Part => h_ + "abido" ;
     VP (Pres Ind Sg P1) => h_ + "e" ;
     VP (Pres Ind Sg P2) => h_ + "as" ;
-    VP (Pres Ind Sg P3) => variants {h_ + "a" ; h_ + "ay"} ;
+    VP (Pres Ind Sg P3) => variants {h_ + "a"} ; ---- h_ + "ay"} ;
     VP (Pres Ind Pl P1) => h_ + "emos" ;
     VP (Pres Ind Pl P2) => h_ + "abéis" ;
     VP (Pres Ind Pl P3) => h_ + "an" ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.gf b/lib/resource/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ce38b348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+--1 Spanish Lexical Paradigms
+--
+-- Aarne Ranta 2003
+--
+-- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar 
+-- for adding lexical items. It give shortcuts for forming
+-- expressions of basic categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+-- 
+-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $resource.Abs.gf$. 
+--
+-- The main difference with $MorphoIta.gf$ is that the types
+-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, not stems, as string
+-- arguments of the paradigms.
+--
+-- The following modules are presupposed:
+
+resource ParadigmsSpa = 
+  open Prelude, (Types = TypesSpa), SyntaxSpa, MorphoSpa, 
+  ResourceSpa in {
+
+--2 Parameters 
+--
+-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+
+oper
+  Bool      : Type ;
+  Gender    : Type ;
+
+  masculine : Gender ;
+  feminine  : Gender ;
+
+-- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+
+  Number    : Type ;
+
+  singular : Number ;
+  plural   : Number ;
+
+-- To abstract over case names, we define the following. (Except for
+-- some pronouns, the accusative is equal to the nominative, the
+-- dative is formed by the preposition "a", and the genitive by the
+-- preposition "di".)
+
+  Case    : Type ;
+
+  nominative : Case ;
+  accusative : Case ;
+  dative     : Case ;
+  genitive   : Case ;
+
+  prep_a   : Case ;
+  prep_de  : Case ;
+
+
+--2 Nouns
+
+-- Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
+-- and the gender.
+
+  mkN  : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N ;   -- uomo, uomini, masculine
+
+-- Often it is enough with one form. If it ends with
+-- "o" or "a", no gender is needed; if with something else, 
+-- the gender must be given.
+
+  nVino  : Str -> N ;           -- vino  (, vinos, masculine)
+  nRana  : Str -> N ;           -- rana  (, ranas, feminine)
+  nPilar : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- pilar (, pilares), masculine
+  nTram  : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- tram  (, tram), masculine
+
+-- Nouns used as functions need a case and a preposition. The most common is "di".
+-- Recall that the prepositions "a", "di", "da", "in", "su", "con" are treated 
+-- as part of the case (cf. above).
+
+  funPrep : N -> Preposition -> N2 ;
+  funCase : N -> Case -> N2 ;
+  funDe   : N -> N2 ;
+
+-- Proper names, with their gender.
+
+  mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Giovanni, masculine
+
+-- On the top level, it is maybe $CN$ that is used rather than $N$, and
+-- $NP$ rather than $PN$.
+
+  mkCN  : N -> CN ;
+  mkNP  : Str -> Gender -> NP ;
+
+
+--2 Adjectives
+
+-- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need four forms in the worst case.
+-- A parameter tells if they are pre- or postpositions in modification.
+
+  Position : Type ;
+  prepos : Position ;  
+  postpos : Position ;  
+
+  mkA1 : (solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente : Str) -> Position -> A1 ;
+
+-- Adjectives ending with "o" and "e", and invariable adjectives, 
+-- are the most important regular patterns.
+
+  adj1Solo : (solo : Str) -> Bool -> A1 ;
+  adj1Util : (a,b : Str) -> Bool -> A1 ;
+  adj1Blu  : (blu  : Str) -> Bool -> A1 ;
+
+
+-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
+
+  mkA2 : A1 -> Preposition -> Case -> A2 ;  -- divisibile per
+
+-- Comparison adjectives may need two adjectives, corresponding to the
+-- positive and other forms. 
+
+  mkADeg : (buono, migliore : A1) -> ADeg ;
+
+-- In the completely regular case, the comparison forms are constructed by
+-- the particle "più".
+
+  aSolo : Str -> Position -> ADeg ;    -- lento (, più lento)
+  aUtil : Str -> Str -> Position -> ADeg ;    -- grave (, più grave)
+  aBlu  : Str -> Position -> ADeg ;    -- blu   (, più blu)
+
+-- On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
+-- just to use a one-place adjective. 
+
+  apSolo : Str -> Position -> AP ;
+  apUtil : Str -> Str -> Position -> AP ;
+  apBlu  : Str -> Position -> AP ;
+
+
+--2 Verbs
+--
+-- The fragment only has present tense so far, but in all persons.
+-- The worst case needs nine forms (and is not very user-friendly).
+
+----  mkV : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ;
+
+-- These are examples of standard conjugations. Other conjugations
+-- can be extracted from the Italian functional morphology, which has full
+-- "Bescherelle" tables.
+
+  vAmar   : Str -> V ;
+  vVender : Str -> V ;
+----  vFinire  : Str -> V ;
+----  vCorrere : (_,_ : Str) -> V ;
+
+-- The verbs 'be' and 'have' are special.
+
+  vSer   : V ;
+  vHaber : V ;
+
+-- Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
+-- a particle can be included in a $V$.
+
+  mkV2  : V -> Preposition -> Case -> V2 ;
+  tvDir : V -> V2 ;  
+
+-- The idiom with "avere" and an invariable noun, such as "paura", "fame",
+-- and a two-place variant with "di" + complement.
+
+  averCosa   : Str -> V ;
+  averCosaDe : Str -> V2 ;
+
+-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+-- hidden from the document.
+--.
+  Bool   = Prelude.Bool ;
+  Gender = SyntaxSpa.Gender ;
+  Case = SyntaxSpa.Case ;
+  Number = SyntaxSpa.Number ;
+
+  masculine = Masc ;
+  feminine  = Fem ;
+  nominative = Types.nominative ;
+  accusative = Types.accusative ;
+  genitive = Types.genitive ;
+  dative = Types.dative ;
+
+  singular = Types.singular ;
+  plural = Types.plural ;
+  prep_a = Types.CPrep P_a ;
+  prep_de = Types.CPrep Types.P_de ;
+
+  singular = Types.singular ;
+  plural = Types.plural ;
+
+  mkN a b g = mkCNomIrreg a b g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+
+  nVino = \vino -> mkCNom (nomVino vino) masculine ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  nRana = \rana -> mkCNom (nomVino rana) feminine ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  nPilar = \x,g -> mkCNom (nomPilar x) g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+  nTram = \tram,g -> mkCNom (nomTram tram) g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+    
+  funPrep = \n,p -> n ** complement p ** {lock_N2 = <>} ;
+  funCase = \n,p -> n ** complementCas p ** {lock_N2 = <>} ;
+  funDe a = funGen a ** {lock_N2 = <>} ;
+  mkPN s g = mkProperName s g ** {lock_PN = <>} ;
+  mkCN = UseN ;
+  mkNP s g = UsePN (mkPN s g) ;
+
+  Position = Bool ;
+  prepos = adjPre ;
+  postpos = adjPost ;
+  mkA1 = \x,y,z,u,v,p -> mkAdjective (mkAdj x y z u v) p ** {lock_A1 = <>} ;
+  adj1Solo = \a,p -> mkAdjective (adjSolo a) p ** {lock_A1 = <>} ;
+  adj1Util = \a,b,p -> mkAdjective (adjUtil a b) p ** {lock_A1 = <>} ;
+  adj1Blu = \a,p -> mkAdjective (adjBlu a) p ** {lock_A1 = <>} ;
+  mkA2 = \a,p,c -> mkAdjCompl a postpos {s2 = p ; c = c} ** {lock_A2 = <>} ;
+  mkADeg = \b,m -> mkAdjDegr (mkAdjComp b.s m.s) b.p ** {lock_ADeg = <>} ; 
+  aSolo = \a,p -> mkAdjDegrLong (adjSolo a) p ** {lock_ADeg = <>} ;
+  aUtil = \a,b,p -> mkAdjDegrLong (adjUtil a b) p ** {lock_ADeg = <>} ;
+  aBlu = \a,p -> mkAdjDegrLong (adjBlu a) p ** {lock_ADeg = <>} ;
+  apSolo a p = adj1Solo a p ** {lock_AP = <>} ;
+  apUtil a b p = adj1Util a b p ** {lock_AP = <>} ;
+  apBlu a p = adj1Blu a p ** {lock_AP = <>} ;
+
+--  mkV a b c d e f g h i = mkVerbPres a b c d e f g h i ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  vAmar x = verbPres (zurrar_3 x) AHabere ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  vVender x = verbPres (vender_4 x) AHabere ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+--  vFinire x = verbFinire x ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+--  vCorrere x y = verbCorrere x y ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  vSer = verbSer ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  vHaber = verbHaber ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  mkV2 a b c = mkTransVerb a b c ** {lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  tvDir c = mkTransVerbDir c ** {lock_V2 = <>} ;
+
+  averCosa = \fame -> 
+    {s = let {aver = vHaber.s} in \\v => aver ! v ++ fame} **
+    {aux=AHabere ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  averCosaDe = \fame -> mkV2 (averCosa fame) [] prep_de ** {lock_TV = <>} ;
+
+}
diff --git a/lib/resource/spanish/ResourceSpa.gf b/lib/resource/spanish/ResourceSpa.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01163edc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/spanish/ResourceSpa.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+instance ResourceSpa of Resource = reuse AllResourceSpa ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/spanish/StructuralSpa.gf b/lib/resource/spanish/StructuralSpa.gf
index 21ee7135c..b81f9a317 100644
--- a/lib/resource/spanish/StructuralSpa.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/spanish/StructuralSpa.gf
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ lin
   YeNumNP n = pronNounPhrase (pronWithNum pronVous n) ;
   YouNP  = pronNounPhrase pronVous ;
   TheyNP = pronNounPhrase pronIls ; 
+  TheyFemNP = pronNounPhrase pronElles ; 
 
 -- Here is a point where the API is really inadequate for French,
 -- which distinguishes between masculine and feminine "they".
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ lin
   AllNumDet  = mkDeterminerNum plural ["todos los"] ["todas las"] ;
   WhichDet = quelDet ;
   WhichNumDet = mkDeterminerNum plural "cuales" "cuales" ;
+  HowManyDet = mkDeterminer plural "cuántos" "cuántas" ;
   MostsDet = plupartDet ;
   MostDet  = mkDeterminer1 singular (["la mayor parte"] ++ elisDe) ; --- de
   SomeDet  = mkDeterminer singular "alguno" "alguna" ;
@@ -76,10 +78,11 @@ lin
   SomethingNP  = mkNameNounPhrase ["algo"] Masc ;
   NothingNP    = mkNameNounPhrase ["nada"] Masc ; --- ne
 
-----  CanVV     = mkVerbVerbDir (verbPres (potere_72 "potere") AHabere) ;
-----  CanKnowVV = mkVerbVerbDir (verbPres (sapere_81 "sapere") AHabere) ;
-----  MustVV    = mkVerbVerbDir (verbPres (dovere_50 "dovere") AHabere) ;
-----  WantVV    = mkVerbVerbDir (verbPres (volere_99 "volere") AHabere) ;
+---- provisory, for completeness
+  CanVV     = mkVerbVerbDir (verbPres (vender_4 "poder") AHabere) ; ----
+  CanKnowVV = mkVerbVerbDir (verbPres (vender_4 "saber") AHabere) ; ----
+  MustVV    = mkVerbVerbDir (verbPres (vender_4 "deber") AHabere) ; ----
+  WantVV    = mkVerbVerbDir (verbPres (vender_4 "quierer") AHabere) ; ----
 
   EverywhereNP = ss ["en todas partes"] ;
   SomewhereNP = ss ["en ninguna parte"] ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/spanish/SyntaxSpa.gf b/lib/resource/spanish/SyntaxSpa.gf
index a98452454..1353f53b3 100644
--- a/lib/resource/spanish/SyntaxSpa.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/spanish/SyntaxSpa.gf
@@ -277,19 +277,30 @@ oper
     Clit3 ;
 
   pronIls = mkPronoun
-    "ellos"  ---- ellas
+    "ellos"
     "los"
     "les"
     "ellos"
     "su" "su" "sus" "sus"
-    PNoGen
+    (PGen Masc)
+    Pl
+    P3
+    Clit1 ;
+
+  pronElles = mkPronoun
+    "ellas"
+    "las"
+    "les"
+    "ellas"
+    "su" "su" "sus" "sus"
+    (PGen Fem)
     Pl
     P3
     Clit1 ;
 
   commentAdv = ss "como" ;
   quandAdv = ss "cuando" ;
-  ouAdv = ss "o" ;
+  ouAdv = ss "donde" ;
   pourquoiAdv = ss "porqué" ;
 
   etConj = ss "y" ** {n = Pl} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/spanish/TestResourceSpa.gf b/lib/resource/spanish/TestResourceSpa.gf
index 82f99d868..e648ab793 100644
--- a/lib/resource/spanish/TestResourceSpa.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/spanish/TestResourceSpa.gf
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ lin
   Man = mkCNom (nomVino "hombre") Masc ;
   Woman = mkCNom (nomPilar "mujer") Fem ;
   Car = mkCNom (nomVino "coche") Masc ;
-  Light = mkCNom (nomPilar "luz") Fem ;
+  Light = mkCNom (numForms "luz" "luces") Fem ;
+  Level = mkCNom (nomPilar "nivel") Masc ;
   House = mkCNom (nomVino "casa") Fem ;
   Wine = mkCNom (nomVino "vino") Masc ;
   Bottle = mkCNom (nomVino "botella") Fem ;
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ lin
   Prefer = mkDitransVerb (verbPres (zurrir_5 "preferir") AHabere) [] accusative [] dative ;
 ----  Say = verbSent (verbPres (dire_44 "dire") AHabere) Ind Ind ;
   Prove = verbSent  (verbPres (zurrar_3 "demonstrar") AHabere) Ind Ind ;
-----  SwitchOn = mkTransVerbDir  (verbPres (zurrar_3 "encender") AHabere) ; 
+  SwitchOn = mkTransVerbDir  (verbPres (vender_4 "enciender") AHabere) ; ----
   SwitchOff = mkTransVerbDir  (verbPres (zurrar_3 "apagar") AHabere) ;
   Mother = funGen (mkCNom (nomVino "madre") Fem) ;
   Uncle = funGen (mkCNom (nomVino "zio") Masc) ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/swedish/AllResourceSwe.gf b/lib/resource/swedish/AllResourceSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1a391358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/swedish/AllResourceSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+concrete AllResourceSwe of AllResource = RulesSwe, StructuralSwe  ** {} ;
+
diff --git a/lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf b/lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e1c0389d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+--1 Swedish Lexical Paradigms
+--
+-- Aarne Ranta 2003
+--
+-- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar 
+-- for adding lexical items. It give shortcuts for forming
+-- expressions of basic categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+-- 
+-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
+--
+-- The main difference with $MorphoSwe.gf$ is that the types
+-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, not stems, as string
+-- arguments of the paradigms.
+--
+-- The following modules are presupposed:
+
+resource ParadigmsSwe = open (Predef=Predef), Prelude, SyntaxSwe, ResourceSwe in {
+
+--2 Parameters 
+--
+-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+
+oper
+  Gender  : Type ;
+  utrum   : Gender ;
+  neutrum : Gender ;
+
+  Sex  : Type ;
+
+  masculine    : Sex ;
+  nonmasculine : Sex ;
+
+-- To abstract over case names, we define the following.
+
+  Case  : Type ;
+
+  nominative : Case ;
+  genitive   : Case ;
+
+-- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+  Number  : Type ;
+
+  singular : Number ;
+  plural   : Number ;
+
+
+
+--2 Nouns
+
+-- Worst case: give all nominative forms and the gender.
+-- The genitive is formed automatically, even when the nominative
+-- ends with an "s".
+
+  mkN  : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> Sex -> N ; 
+                                 -- man, mannen, män, männen
+
+-- Here are some common patterns, corresponding to school-gramamr declensions.
+-- Except $nPojke$, $nKarl$, and $nMurare$, 
+-- they are defined to be $nonmasculine$, which means that they don't create
+-- the definite adjective form with "e" but with "a".
+
+  nApa    : Str -> N ;   -- apa    (apan, apor, aporna) ; utrum
+  nBil    : Str -> N ;   -- bil    (bilen, bilar, bilarna) ; utrum
+  nKarl   : Str -> N ;   -- karl   (karlen, karlar, karlarna) ; utrum ; masculine
+  nPojke  : Str -> N ;   -- pojke  (pojken, pojkar, pojkarna) ; utrum ; masculine
+  nNyckel : Str -> N ;   -- nyckel (nyckeln, nycklar, nycklarna) ; utrum
+  nRisk   : Str -> N ;   -- risk   (risken, risker, riskerna) ; utrum
+  nDike   : Str -> N ;   -- dike   (diket, diken, dikena) ; neutrum
+  nRep    : Str -> N ;   -- rep    (repet, rep, repen) ; neutrum
+  nPapper : Str -> N ;   -- papper (pappret, papper, pappren) ; neutrum
+  nMurare : Str -> N ;   -- murare (muraren, murare, murarna) ; utrum ; masculine
+  nKikare : Str -> N ;   -- kikare (kikaren, kikare, kikarna) ; utrum
+
+-- Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common ones are "av",
+-- "på", and "till". A preposition is a string.
+
+  mkN2   : N -> Str -> N2 ;
+  funAv   : N -> N2 ;
+  funPaa  : N -> N2 ;
+  funTill : N -> N2 ;
+
+-- Proper names, with their possibly
+-- irregular genitive. The regular genitive is  "s", omitted after "s".
+
+  mkPN  : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> Sex -> PN ;  -- Karolus, Karoli
+  pnReg : Str -> Gender -> Sex -> PN ;          -- Johan,Johans ; Johannes, Johannes
+  pnS   : Str -> Gender -> Sex -> PN ;          -- "Burger King(s)"
+
+-- On the top level, it is maybe $CN$ that is used rather than $N$, and
+-- $NP$ rather than $PN$.
+
+  mkCN  : N -> CN ;
+  mkNP  : (Karolus, Karoli : Str) -> Gender -> NP ;
+
+  npReg : Str -> Gender -> NP ;   -- Johann, Johanns
+
+
+--2 Adjectives
+
+-- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need four forms in the worst case:
+-- strong singular, weak singular, plural.
+
+  mkA1 : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> A1 ; -- liten, litet, lilla, små
+
+-- Special cases needing one form each are: regular adjectives,
+-- adjectives with unstressed "e" in the last syllable, those
+-- ending with "n" as a further special case, and invariable
+-- adjectives.
+
+  adjReg    : Str -> A1 ;          -- billig (billigt, billiga, billiga)
+  adjNykter : Str -> A1 ;          -- nykter (nyktert, nyktra, nyktra) 
+  adjGalen  : Str -> A1 ;          -- galen  (galet, galna, galna) 
+  adjInvar  : Str -> A1 ;          -- bra
+
+-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
+
+  mkA2    : A1 -> Str -> A2 ;  -- delbar, med
+  mkA2Reg : Str  -> Str -> A2 ;  -- 
+
+-- Comparison adjectives may need the three four forms for the positive case, plus
+-- three more forms for the comparison cases.
+
+  mkADeg : (liten, litet, lilla, sma, mindre, minst, minsta : Str) -> ADeg ;
+
+-- Some comparison adjectives are completely regular.
+
+  aReg : Str -> ADeg ;
+
+-- On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
+-- just to use a one-place adjective. The variation in $adjGen$ is taken
+-- into account.
+
+  apReg : Str -> AP ;
+
+--2 Adverbs
+
+-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position not
+-- before the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. "alltid").
+
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+  mkAdvPre : Str -> Adv ;
+
+-- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
+
+  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
+  mkAdS : Str -> AdS ;
+
+-- Prepositional phrases are another productive form of adverbials.
+
+  mkPP : Str -> NP -> Adv ;
+
+
+--2 Verbs
+--
+-- The fragment only has present tense so far.
+-- The worst case needs three forms: the infinitive, the indicative, and the
+-- imperative.
+
+  Voice: Type;
+
+  passive : Voice;
+  active: Voice;
+
+  mkV : (_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ;   -- vara, är, var; trivas, trivs, trivs
+
+-- The main conjugations need one string each.
+
+  vKoka   : Str -> V ;          -- tala (talar, tala)
+  vSteka  : Str -> V ;          -- leka (leker, lek)
+----  vBo     : Str -> V ;          -- bo   (bor, bo)
+
+----  vAndas  : Str -> V ;          -- andas [all forms the same: also "slåss"]
+----  vTrivas : Str -> V ;          -- trivas (trivs, trivs)
+
+-- The verbs 'be' and 'have' are special.
+
+  vVara  : V ;
+  vHa    : V ;
+
+-- Particle verbs are formed by putting together a verb and a particle.
+-- If the verb already has a particle, it is replaced by the new one.
+
+  mkPartV : V -> Str -> V ;     -- stänga av ;
+
+-- Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. 
+
+  mkV2     : V -> Str -> V2 ;   -- tycka, om
+  tvDir    : V -> V2 ;          -- gilla
+
+-- Ditransitive verbs.
+
+  mkV3     : V -> Str -> Str -> V3 ;   -- prata, med, om
+  v3Dir    : V -> Str -> V3 ;          -- ge,_,till
+  v3DirDir : V -> V3 ;                 -- ge,_,_
+
+-- Sentence complement verbs.
+
+  mkVS     : V -> VS ;                 -- säga (att ...)
+
+-- Verb phrase complement verbs.
+
+  vvInf    : V -> VV ;                 -- orka (spela)
+  vvAtt    : V -> VV ;                 -- gilla (att spela)
+  vvBoth   : V -> VV ;                 -- försöka (spela | att spela)
+  
+
+-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+-- hidden from the document.
+--.
+
+  Gender = SyntaxSwe.Gender ;
+  Sex = SyntaxSwe.Sex ;
+  Case = SyntaxSwe.Case ;
+  Number = SyntaxSwe.Number ;
+  Voice = SyntaxSwe.Voice ;
+
+  utrum = Utr ;
+  neutrum = Neutr ;
+  masculine = Masc ;
+  nonmasculine = NoMasc ;
+  nominative = Nom ;
+  genitive = Gen ;
+  singular = Sg ;
+  plural = Pl ;
+
+  active = Act;
+  passive = Pass;
+
+  mkN = \apa, apan, apor, aporna, g, x -> let
+    {nom = table {
+       SF Sg Indef _ => apa ;
+       SF Sg Def _ => apan ;
+       SF Pl Indef _ => apor ;
+       SF Pl Def _ => aporna 
+       }
+    } in 
+   {s = \\n,d,c => mkCase c (nom ! SF n d Nom) ;
+    g = g ; x = x ; lock_N = <>
+   } ;
+
+  -- auxiliaries
+  mkGenit : Tok -> Tok = \s -> ifTok Tok (Predef.dp 1 s) "s" s (s + "s") ;
+  mkCase : Case -> Tok -> Tok = \c,t -> case c of {
+    Nom => t ;
+    Gen => mkGenit t 
+    } ;
+
+  nApa = \apa -> 
+    let {apor = Predef.tk 1 apa + "or"} in
+    mkN apa (apa + "n") apor (apor + "na") utrum nonmasculine ;
+
+  nBil = \bil -> 
+    mkN bil (bil + "en") (bil + "ar") (bil + "arna") utrum nonmasculine ;
+  nKarl = \bil -> 
+    mkN bil (bil + "en") (bil + "ar") (bil + "arna") utrum masculine ;
+  nPojke = \pojke -> 
+    let {bil = Predef.tk 1 pojke} in
+    mkN pojke (bil + "en") (bil + "ar") (bil + "arna") utrum masculine ;
+  nNyckel = \cykel -> 
+    let {cykl = Predef.tk 2 cykel + Predef.dp 1 cykel} in
+    mkN cykel (cykel + "n") (cykl + "ar") (cykl + "arna") utrum nonmasculine ;
+  nRisk = \bil ->
+    mkN bil (bil + "en") (bil + "er") (bil + "erna") utrum nonmasculine ;
+  nDike = \dike ->
+    mkN dike (dike + "t") (dike + "n") (dike + "na") neutrum nonmasculine ;
+  nRep = \rep -> 
+    mkN rep (rep + "et") rep (rep + "en") neutrum nonmasculine ;
+  nPapper = \cykel ->
+    let {cykl = Predef.tk 2 cykel + Predef.dp 1 cykel} in
+    mkN cykel (cykl + "et") cykel (cykl + "en") neutrum nonmasculine ;
+  nMurare = \murare -> 
+    let {murar = Predef.tk 1 murare} in
+    mkN murare (murar + "en") murare (murar + "na") utrum masculine ;
+  nKikare = \murare -> 
+    let {murar = Predef.tk 1 murare} in
+    mkN murare (murar + "en") murare (murar + "na") utrum nonmasculine ;
+
+
+  mkN2 x y =  mkFun x y ** {lock_N2 = <>} ;
+  funAv = \f -> mkN2 f "av" ;
+  funPaa = \f -> mkN2 f "på" ;
+  funTill = \f -> mkN2 f "till" ;
+
+  mkPN = \karolus, karoli, g, x -> 
+    {s = table {Gen => karoli ; _ => karolus} ; g = g ; x = x ; lock_PN = <>} ;
+  pnReg = \horst -> 
+    mkPN horst (ifTok Tok (Predef.dp 1 horst) "s" horst (horst + "s")) ;
+  pnS = \bk ->
+    mkPN bk (bk + "s") ;
+
+  mkCN = UseN ;
+  mkNP = \a,b,g -> UsePN (mkPN a b g nonmasculine) ; -- gender irrelevant in NP
+  npReg = \s,g -> UsePN (pnReg s g nonmasculine) ;
+
+  mkA1 = \liten, litet, lilla, små -> 
+  {s = table {
+    Strong (ASg Utr) => \\c => mkCase c liten ;
+    Strong (ASg Neutr) => \\c => mkCase c litet ;
+    Strong APl => \\c => mkCase c små ;
+    Weak (AxSg Masc) => \\c => mkCase c (Predef.tk 1 lilla + "e") ;
+    Weak _ => \\c => mkCase c lilla
+    } ;
+   lock_A1 = <>
+  } ;
+
+  adjReg = \billig -> mkA1 billig (billig + "t") (billig + "a") (billig + "a") ;
+  adjNykter = \nykter -> 
+    let {nyktr = Predef.tk 2 nykter + Predef.dp 1 nykter} in
+    mkA1 nykter (nykter + "t") (nyktr + "a") (nyktr + "a") ;
+  adjGalen = \galen -> 
+    let {gal = Predef.tk 2 galen} in
+    mkA1 galen (gal + "et") (gal + "na") (gal + "na") ;
+  adjInvar = \bra -> {s = \\_,_ => bra ; lock_A1 = <>} ;
+
+  mkA2 = \a,p -> a ** {s2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+  mkA2Reg = \a -> mkA2 (adjReg a) ;
+
+  mkADeg = \liten, litet, lilla, sma, mindre, minst, minsta -> 
+   let {lit = (mkA1 liten litet lilla sma).s} in
+   {s = table {
+     AF (Posit f) c => lit ! f ! c ;
+     AF Compar c    => mkCase c mindre ;
+     AF (Super SupStrong) c => mkCase c minst ;
+     AF (Super SupWeak) c => mkCase c minsta --- masculine!
+     } ;
+    lock_ADeg = <>
+   } ;
+
+  aReg = \fin -> mkADeg fin 
+    (fin + "t") (fin + "a") (fin + "a") (fin + "are") (fin + "ast") (fin + "aste") ;
+
+  apReg = \s -> UseA1 (adjReg s) ;
+
+  mkAdv a = advPost a ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
+  mkAdvPre a = advPre a ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
+  mkPP x y = prepPhrase x y ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
+  mkAdA a = ss a ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
+  mkAdS a = ss a ** {lock_AdS = <>} ;
+
+  mkV x y z a b c = mkVerb x y z a b c ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  vKoka = \tala -> vTala (Predef.tk 1 tala)  ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  vSteka = \leka -> vLeka (Predef.tk 1 leka)  ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
+----   vBo = \bo -> mkV bo (bo+"r") bo ;
+----  vAndas = \andas -> mkV andas andas andas ;
+----  vTrivas = \trivas -> 
+----    let {trivs = Predef.tk 1 trivas + "s"} in mkV trivas trivs trivs ;
+  vVara = verbVara ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  vHa = verbHava ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  mkPartV v p = {s = v.s ; s1 = p ; lock_V = <>} ;
+  mkV2 x y = mkTransVerb x y ** {lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  tvDir = \v -> mkV2 v [] ;
+  mkV3 x y z = mkDitransVerb x y z ** {lock_V3 = <>} ;
+  v3Dir x y = mkV3 x [] y ;
+  v3DirDir x = v3Dir x [] ;
+
+  mkVS v  = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
+  vvInf v = v ** {isAux = True ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  vvAtt v = v ** {isAux = False ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+  vvBoth v = v ** {isAux = variants {False ; True} ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+
+} ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/swedish/ResourceSwe.gf b/lib/resource/swedish/ResourceSwe.gf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c692c437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/resource/swedish/ResourceSwe.gf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+instance ResourceSwe of Resource = reuse AllResourceSwe ;
diff --git a/lib/resource/swedish/RulesSwe.gf b/lib/resource/swedish/RulesSwe.gf
index 987464b1f..7f2e801ce 100644
--- a/lib/resource/swedish/RulesSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/swedish/RulesSwe.gf
@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ lin
      x = cn.x ;
      p = cn.p
      } ;
+  IntCN cn s =
+    {s = \\a,n,c => cn.s ! a ! n ! c ++ s.s ; 
+     g = cn.g ;
+     x = cn.x ;
+     p = cn.p
+     } ;
 
   CNthatS = nounThatSentence ;
 
diff --git a/lib/resource/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf b/lib/resource/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
index 1ad63bc07..1956a7d96 100644
--- a/lib/resource/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
+++ b/lib/resource/swedish/StructuralSwe.gf
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ concrete StructuralSwe of Structural =
   WeNumNP n = pronNounPhrase (pronWithNum vi_36 n) ;
   YeNumNP n = pronNounPhrase (pronWithNum ni_37 n) ;
   TheyNP = pronNounPhrase de_38 ;
+  TheyFemNP = pronNounPhrase de_38 ;
 
   YouNP  = let {ni = pronNounPhrase ni_37 } in {s = ni.s ; g = ni.g ; n = Sg} ;
 
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ concrete StructuralSwe of Structural =
   SomeDet  = mkDeterminerSgGender2 "någon" "något" IndefP ; 
   SomeNumDet = mkDeterminerPlNum "några" IndefP ; 
   ManyDet  = mkDeterminerPl "många" IndefP ; 
+  HowManyDet  = mkDeterminerPl ["hur många"] IndefP ; 
   NoDet    = mkDeterminerSgGender2 "ingen" "inget" IndefP ; 
   NoNumDet   = mkDeterminerPlNum "inga" IndefP ; 
   WhichNumDet = mkDeterminerPlNum "vilka" IndefP ;