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most of ParadigmsGer written

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aarne
2006-01-15 15:45:23 +00:00
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@@ -80,249 +80,144 @@ oper
reg2N : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
-- Relational nouns need a preposition. The most common is "von" with
-- the dative. Some prepositions are constructed in [StructuralGer StructuralGer.html].
{-
-- Often it is enough with singular and plural nominatives, and singular
-- genitive. The plural dative
-- is computed by the heuristic that it is the same as the nominative this
-- ends with "n" or "s", otherwise "n" is added.
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
vonN2 : N -> N2 ;
nGen : Str -> Str -> Str -> Gender -> N ; -- punkt,punktes,punkt
-- Here are some common patterns. Singular nominative or two nominatives are needed.
-- Two forms are needed in case of Umlaut, which would be complicated to define.
-- For the same reason, we have separate patterns for multisyllable stems.
--
-- The weak masculine pattern $nSoldat$ avoids duplicating the final "e".
-- Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to
-- form other prepositions.
--
-- Three-place relational nouns ("die Verbindung von x nach y") need two prepositions.
nRaum : (_,_ : Str) -> N ; -- Raum, (Raumes,) Räume (masc)
nTisch : Str -> N ; -- Tisch, (Tisches, Tische) (masc)
nVater : (_,_ : Str) -> N ; -- Vater, (Vaters,) Väter (masc)
nFehler : Str -> N ; -- Fehler, (fehlers, Fehler) (masc)
nSoldat : Str -> N ; -- Soldat (, Soldaten) ; Kunde (, Kunden) (masc)
-- Neuter patterns.
nBuch : (_,_ : Str) -> N ; -- Buch, (Buches, Bücher) (neut)
nMesser : Str -> N ; -- Messer, (Messers, Messer) (neut)
nBein : Str -> N ; -- Bein, (Beins, Beine) (neut)
nAuto : Str -> N ; -- Auto, (Autos, Autos) (neut)
-- Feminine patterns. Duplicated "e" is avoided in $nFrau$.
nStudentin : Str -> N ; -- Studentin (Studentinne)
nHand : (_,_ : Str) -> N ; -- Hand, Hände; Mutter, Mütter (fem)
nFrau : Str -> N ; -- Frau (, Frauen) ; Wiese (, Wiesen) (fem)
mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
-- Nouns used as functions need a preposition. The most common is "von".
mkFun : N -> Preposition -> Case -> Fun ;
funVon : N -> Fun ;
-- Proper names, with their possibly
-- irregular genitive. The regular genitive is "s", omitted after "s".
--3 Proper names and noun phrases
--
-- Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
-- The regular genitive is "s", omitted after "s".
mkPN : (karolus, karoli : Str) -> PN ; -- karolus, karoli
pnReg : (Johann : Str) -> PN ; -- Johann, Johanns ; Johannes, Johannes
-- On the top level, it is maybe $CN$ that is used rather than $N$, and
-- $NP$ rather than $PN$.
mkCN : N -> CN ;
mkNP : (karolus,karoli : Str) -> NP ;
npReg : Str -> NP ; -- Johann, Johanns
-- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a function.
mkFunCN : CN -> Preposition -> Case -> Fun ;
funVonCN : CN -> Fun ;
regPN : (Johann : Str) -> PN ; -- Johann, Johanns ; Johannes, Johannes
--2 Adjectives
-- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need two forms in the worst case:
-- the one in predication and the one before the ending "e".
-- Adjectives need four forms: two for the positive and one for the other degrees.
mkAdj1 : (teuer,teur : Str) -> Adj1 ;
mkA : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> A ; -- gut,gute,besser,best
-- Invariable adjective are a special case.
-- The regular adjective formation works for most cases, and includes
-- variations such as "teuer - teurer", "böse - böser".
adjInvar : Str -> Adj1 ; -- prima
regA : Str -> A ;
-- The following heuristic recognizes the the end of the word, and builds
-- the second form depending on if it is "e", "er", or something else.
-- N.B. a contraction is made with "er", which works for "teuer" but not
-- for "bitter".
-- Invariable adjective are a special case.
adjGen : Str -> Adj1 ; -- gut; teuer; böse
invarA : Str -> A ; -- prima
-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
-- Two-place adjectives are formed by adding a preposition to an adjective.
mkAdj2 : Adj1 -> Str -> Case -> Adj2 ; -- teilbar, durch, acc
mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
-- Comparison adjectives may need three adjective, corresponding to the
-- three comparison forms.
--2 Prepositions
mkAdjDeg : (gut,besser,best : Adj1) -> AdjDeg ;
-- In many cases, each of these adjectives is itself regular. Then we only
-- need three strings. Notice that contraction with "er" is not performed
-- ("bessere", not "bessre").
aDeg3 : (gut,besser,best : Str) -> AdjDeg ;
-- In the completely regular case, the comparison forms are constructed by
-- the endings "er" and "st".
aReg : Str -> AdjDeg ; -- billig, billiger, billigst
-- The past participle of a verb can be used as an adjective.
aPastPart : V -> Adj1 ; -- gefangen
-- On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
-- just to use a one-place adjective. The variation in $adjGen$ is taken
-- into account.
apReg : Str -> AP ;
--OLD:
--2 Verbs
--
-- The fragment only has present tense so far, but in all persons.
-- It also has the infinitive and the past participles.
-- The worst case macro needs four forms: : the infinitive and
-- the third person singular (where Umlaut may occur), the singular imperative,
-- and the past participle.
--
-- The function recognizes if the stem ends with "s" or "t" and performs the
-- appropriate contractions.
--NEW (By Harald Hammarström):
--2 Verbs
-- The worst-case macro needs six forms:
-- x Infinitive,
-- x 3p sg pres. indicative,
-- x 2p sg imperative,
-- x 1/3p sg imperfect indicative,
-- x 1/3p sg imperfect subjunctive (because this uncommon form can have umlaut)
-- x the perfect participle
-- But you'll only want to use one of the five macros:
-- x weakVerb -- For a regular verb like legen
-- x verbGratulieren -- For a regular verb without ge- in the perfect
-- particple. Like gratulieren, beweisen etc
-- x verbStrongSingen -- A strong verb without umlauting present tense.
-- You'll need to supply the strong imperfect forms
-- as well as the participle.
-- x verbStrongSehen -- A strong verb that umlauts in the 2/3p sg pres
-- indicative as well as the imperative. You'll
-- need to give (only) the 3rd p sg pres ind. in
-- addition to the strong imperfect forms and the
-- part participle.
-- x verbStrongLaufen -- A strong verb that umlauts in the 2/3p sg pres
-- indicative but NOT the imperative. You'll
-- need to give (only) the 3rd p sg pres ind. in
-- addition to the strong imperfect forms and the
-- part participle.
--
-- Things that are handled automatically
-- x Imperative e (although optional forms are not given)
-- x Extra e in verbs like arbeitete, regnet, findet, atmet.
-- NOTE: If pres. umlauting strong verbs are defined through the verbumStrong
-- macro (which they should) it is automatically handled so they avoid
-- falling into this rule e.g er tritt (rather than *er tritet)
-- x s is dropped in the 2p sg if appropriate du setzt
-- x verbs that end in -rn, -ln rather than -en
-- Things that are not handled:
-- x -ß-/-ss-
-- x Optional dropping of -e- in e.g wand(e)re etc
-- x Optional indicative forms instead of pres. subj. 2p sg. and 2p pl.
-- x (Weak) verbs without the ge- on the participle (in wait for a systematic
-- treatment of the insep. prefixes and stress). You have to manually use
-- the verbGratulieren for this. E.g do verbGratulieren "beweisen" -
-- verbWeak "beweisen" would yield *gebeweist.
mkV : (_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben
-- Weak verbs are sometimes called regular verbs.
vWeak : Str -> V ; -- führen
vGratulieren : Str -> V ; -- gratulieren
vSehen : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- sehen, sieht, sah, sähe, gesehen
vLaufen : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- laufen, lauft, liefe, liefe, gelaufen
-- The verbs 'be' and 'have' are special.
vSein : V ;
vHaben : V ;
-- Some irregular verbs.
vFahren : V ;
-- Verbs with a detachable particle, with regular ones as a special case.
vPartWeak : (_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- führen, aus
-- vPartGratulieren (_,_ : Str) -> V ;
vPartSehen : (_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- sehen, sieht, sah, sähe, gesehen
vPartLaufen : (_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- laufen, lauft, liefe, liefe, gelaufen
mkVPart : V -> Str -> V ; -- vFahren, aus
-- Obsolete; use vPartWeak etc instead
--vPart : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- sehen, sieht, sieh, gesehen, aus
--vPartReg : (_,_ : Str) -> V ; -- bringen, um
-- Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
-- a particle can be included in a $V$.
mkTV : V -> Str -> Case -> TV ; -- hören, zu, dative
tvWeak : Str -> Str -> Case -> TV ; -- hören, zu, dative
tvDir : V -> TV ; -- umbringen
tvDirReg : Str -> TV ; -- lieben
-- Three-place verbs require two prepositions and cases.
mkV3 : V -> Str -> Case -> Str -> Case -> V3 ; -- geben,[],dative,[],accusative
-- Sentence-complement verbs are just verbs.
mkVS : V -> VS ;
-- Verb-complement verbs either need the "zu" particle or don't.
-- The ones that don't are usually auxiliary verbs.
vsAux : V -> VV ;
vsZu : V -> VV ;
--2 Adverbials
--
-- Adverbials for modifying verbs, adjectives, and sentences can be formed
-- from strings.
mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
mkAdS : Str -> AdS ;
-- Prepositional phrases are another productive form of adverbials.
mkPP : Case -> Str -> NP -> AdV ;
-- One can also use the function $ResourceGer.PrepNP$ with one of the given
-- prepositions or a preposition formed by giving a string and a case:
-- A preposition is formed from a string and a case.
mkPrep : Str -> Case -> Prep ;
--2 Verbs
-- The worst-case constructor needs six forms:
-- - Infinitive,
-- - 3p sg pres. indicative,
-- - 2p sg imperative,
-- - 1/3p sg imperfect indicative,
-- - 1/3p sg imperfect subjunctive (because this uncommon form can have umlaut)
-- - the perfect participle
mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> V ; -- geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben
-- Weak verbs are sometimes called regular verbs.
regV : Str -> V ; -- führen
-- Irregular verbs use Ablaut and, in the worst cases, also Umlaut.
irregV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> V ; -- sehen, sieht, sah, sähe, gesehen
-- To remove the past participle prefix "ge", e.g. for the verbs
-- prefixed by "be-, ver-".
no_geV : V -> V ;
-- To add a movable suffix e.g. "auf(fassen)".
prefixV : Str -> V -> V ;
-- To change the auxiliary from "haben" (default) to "sein" and
-- vice-versa.
seinV : V -> V ;
habenV : V -> V ;
--3 Two-place verbs
--
-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
-- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.
mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
--3 Three-place verbs
--
-- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
-- the first one or both can be absent.
mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- give,_,to
accdatV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_
--3 Other complement patterns
--
-- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
-- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
mkV0 : V -> V0 ;
mkVS : V -> VS ;
mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
mkVV : V -> VV ;
mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ;
mkVA : V -> VA ;
mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ;
mkVQ : V -> VQ ;
mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
mkAS : A -> AS ;
mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
mkAV : A -> AV ;
mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ;
-- Notice: categories $V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q$ are in v 1.0 treated
-- just as synonyms of $V2$, and the second argument is given
-- as an adverb. Likewise $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
-- $V0$ is just $V$.
V0, V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q : Type ;
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
--2 Definitions of paradigms
--
-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
-- hidden from the document.
--.
-}
Gender = MorphoGer.Gender ;
Case = MorphoGer.Case ;
@@ -367,122 +262,58 @@ oper
_ => regN hund
} ;
-- auxiliaries
mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = \n,p -> n ** {c2 = p ; lock_N2 = <>} ;
vonN2 : N -> N2 = \n -> n ** {c2 = {s = "von" ; c = dative} ; lock_N2 = <>} ;
genitS : Str -> Str = \hund -> case hund of {
_ + ("el" | "en" | "er") => hund + "s" ;
_ => hund + variants {"s" ; "es"}
} ;
pluralN : Str -> Str = \hund -> case hund of {
_ + ("el" | "en" | "er" | "e") => hund + "n" ;
_ => hund + "en"
} ;
dativE : Str -> Str = \hund -> case hund of {
_ + ("el" | "en" | "er" | "e") => hund ;
_ => variants {hund ; hund + "e"}
} ;
{-
nGen = \punkt, punktes, punkte, g -> let {
e = Predef.dp 1 punkte ;
eqy = ifTok N e ;
noN = mkNoun4 punkt punktes punkte punkte g ** {lock_N = <>}
} in
eqy "n" noN (
eqy "s" noN (
mkNoun4 punkt punktes punkte (punkte+"n") g ** {lock_N = <>})) ;
nRaum = \raum, räume -> nGen raum (raum + "es") räume masculine ;
nTisch = \tisch ->
mkNoun4 tisch (tisch + "es") (tisch + "e") (tisch +"en") masculine **
{lock_N = <>};
nVater = \vater, väter -> nGen vater (vater + "s") väter masculine ;
nFehler = \fehler -> nVater fehler fehler ;
nSoldat = \soldat -> let {
e = Predef.dp 1 soldat ;
soldaten = ifTok Tok e "e" (soldat + "n") (soldat + "en")
} in
mkN soldat soldaten soldaten soldaten soldaten soldaten masculine ;
nBein = \bein -> declN2n bein ** {lock_N = <>};
nBuch = \buch, bücher -> nGen buch (buch + "es") bücher neuter ;
nMesser = \messer -> nGen messer (messer + "s") messer neuter ;
nAuto = \auto -> let {autos = auto + "s"} in
mkNoun4 auto autos autos autos neuter ** {lock_N = <>} ;
nStudentin = \studentin -> declN1in studentin ** {lock_N = <>};
nHand = \hand, hände -> nGen hand hand hände feminine ;
nFrau = \frau -> let {
e = Predef.dp 1 frau ;
frauen = ifTok Tok e "e" (frau + "n") (frau + "en")
} in
mkN frau frau frau frau frauen frauen feminine ;
mkFun n = mkFunCN (UseN n) ;
funVon n = funVonCN (UseN n) ;
mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_N3 = <>} ;
mkPN = \karolus, karoli ->
{s = table {Gen => karoli ; _ => karolus} ; lock_PN = <>} ;
pnReg = \horst ->
regPN = \horst ->
mkPN horst (ifTok Tok (Predef.dp 1 horst) "s" horst (horst + "s")) ;
mkCN = UseN ;
mkNP = \x,y -> UsePN (mkPN x y) ;
npReg = \s -> UsePN (pnReg s) ;
mkA : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> A = \a,b,c,d ->
MorphoGer.mkA a b c d ** {lock_A = <>} ;
mkFunCN n p c = mkFunC n p c ** {lock_Fun = <>} ;
funVonCN n = funVonC n ** {lock_Fun = <>} ;
regA : Str -> A = \a -> case a of {
teu + "er" => mkA a (teu + "re") (teu + "rer") (teu + "rest") ;
_ + "e" => mkA a a (a + "r") (a + "st") ;
_ => mkA a a (a + "er") (a + "est")
} ;
mkAdj1 x y = mkAdjective x y ** {lock_Adj1 = <>} ;
adjInvar a = Morpho.adjInvar a ** {lock_Adj1 = <>} ;
adjGen a = Morpho.adjGen a ** {lock_Adj1 = <>} ;
mkAdj2 = \a,p,c -> a ** {s2 = p ; c = c ; lock_Adj2 = <>} ;
invarA = \s -> {s = \\_,_ => s ; lock_A = <>} ; ---- comparison
mkAdjDeg a b c = mkAdjComp a b c ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ;
aDeg3 a b c = adjCompReg3 a b c ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ;
aReg a = adjCompReg a ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ;
aPastPart = \v -> {s = table AForm {a => v.s ! VPart a} ; lock_Adj1 = <>} ;
apReg = \s -> AdjP1 (adjGen s) ;
mkA2 = \a,p -> a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
mkV a b c d e f = mkVerbSimple (mkVerbum a b c d e f) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vWeak a = mkVerbSimple (verbumWeak a) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vGratulieren a = mkVerbSimple (verbumGratulieren a) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vSehen a b c d e = mkVerbSimple (verbumStrongSehen a b c d e) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vLaufen a b c d e = mkVerbSimple (verbumStrongLaufen a b c d e) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
-- vReg = \s -> mkVerbSimple (regVerb s) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vSein = verbSein ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vHaben = verbHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vFahren = mkVerbSimple (verbumStrongLaufen "fahren" "fährt" "fuhr" "führe" "gefahren") ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vPartWeak = \führen, aus -> (mkVerb (verbumWeak führen) aus) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
--vGratulieren = verbumGratulieren ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vPartSehen a b c d e aus = (mkVerb (verbumStrongSehen a b c d e) aus) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
vPartLaufen a b c d e aus = (mkVerb (verbumStrongLaufen a b c d e) aus) ** {lock_V = <>} ;
--vPart = \sehen, sieht, sieh, gesehen, aus ->
-- mkVerb (mkVerbum sehen sieht sieh gesehen) aus ** {lock_V = <>} ;
--vPartReg = \sehen, aus -> mkVerb (regVerb sehen) aus ** {lock_V = <>} ;
mkVPart v p = mkVerb v.s p ** {lock_V = <>} ;
mkTV v p c = mkTransVerb v p c ** {lock_TV = <>} ;
tvWeak = \hören, zu, dat -> mkTV (vWeak hören) zu dat ;
tvDir = \v -> mkTV v [] accusative ;
tvDirReg = \v -> tvWeak v [] accusative ;
mkV3 v s c t d = mkDitransVerb v s c t d ** {lock_V3 = <>} ;
mkVS v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
vsAux v = v ** {isAux = True ; lock_VV = <>} ;
vsZu v = v ** {isAux = True ; lock_VV = <>} ;
mkAdV a = ss a ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
mkPP x y = PrepNP {s = y ; c = x ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
mkAdA a = ss a ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
mkAdS a = ss a ** {lock_AdS = <>} ;
mkPrep s c = {s = s ; c = c ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
-}
mkV geben gibt gib gab gaebe gegeben =
let
gebe = init geben ; ----
gibst = init gibt + "st" ; ----
gebt = init gebe ; ----
gabst = gab + "st" ; ----
gaben = pluralN gab ;
gabt = gab + "t" ----
in
MorphoGer.mkV
geben gebe gibst gibt gebt gib gab gabst gaben gabt gaebe gegeben
[] VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
regV fragen =
let
frag = Predef.tk 2 fragen ; ----
fragt = frag + "t" ; ----
fragte = fragt + "e" ;
gefragt = "ge" + fragt ;
in
mkV fragen fragt frag fragte fragte gefragt ;
irregV singen singt sang saenge gesungen =
let
sing = Predef.tk 2 singen ; ----
in
mkV singen singt sing sang saenge gesungen ;
} ;