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<html>
<body>
<i> Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</i>
<p>
<h1></h1>
# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../../prelude
<h1> French Lexical Paradigms</h1>
<p>
Aarne Ranta 2003
<p>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It give shortcuts for forming
expressions of basic categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
accessed through the resource syntax API, <tt>resource.Abs.gf</tt>.
<p>
The main difference with <tt>MorphoFre.gf</tt> is that the types
referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
had the design principle of always having existing forms, not stems, as string
arguments of the paradigms.
<p>
The following modules are presupposed:
<pre>
resource ParadigmsFre =
open Prelude, (Types = TypesFre), SyntaxFre, MorphoFre,
ResourceFre in {
</pre>
<h2> Parameters </h2>
<p>
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
<pre>
oper
masculine : Gender ;
feminine : Gender ;
</pre>
To abstract over number names, we define the following.
<pre>
singular : Number ;
plural : Number ;
</pre>
To abstract over case names, we define the following. (Except for
some pronouns, the accusative is equal to the nominative, the
dative is formed by the preposition <i>à</i>, and the genitive by the
preposition <i>de</i>.)
<pre>
nominative : Case ;
accusative : Case ;
dative : Case ;
genitive : Case ;
</pre>
<h2> Nouns</h2>
Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
and the gender.
<pre>
mkN : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- oeil, yeux, masculine
</pre>
Often it is enough with one form. Some of them have a typical gender.
<pre>
nReg : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- regular, e.g. maison, (maisons,) feminine
nEau : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- eau, (eaux,) feminine
nCas : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- cas, (cas,) masculine
nCheval : Str -> N ; -- cheval, (chevaux, masculine)
</pre>
Nouns used as functions need a case and a preposition. The most common is <i>de</i>.
<pre>
funPrep : N -> Preposition -> Fun ;
funCase : N -> Case -> Fun ;
funDe : N -> Fun ;
</pre>
Proper names, with their gender.
<pre>
mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Jean, masculine
</pre>
On the top level, it is maybe <tt>CN</tt> that is used rather than <tt>N</tt>, and
<tt>NP</tt> rather than <tt>PN</tt>.
<pre>
mkCN : N -> CN ;
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> NP ;
</pre>
<h2> Adjectives</h2>
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms in the worst case.
A parameter tells if they are pre- or postpositions in modification.
<pre>
Position : Type ;
prepos : Position ;
postpos : Position ;
mkAdj1 : (bon, bonne, bons, bien : Str) -> Position -> Adj1 ;
</pre>
Usually it is enough to give the two singular forms. Fully regular adjectives
only need the masculine singular form.
<pre>
adj1Reg : Str -> Position -> Adj1 ;
adj1Cher : (cher, chère : Str) -> Position -> Adj1 ;
</pre>
Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
<pre>
mkAdj2 : Adj1 -> Preposition -> Case -> Adj2 ; -- divisible par
</pre>
Comparison adjectives may need two adjectives, corresponding to the
positive and other forms.
<pre>
mkAdjDeg : (bon, meilleur : Adj1) -> AdjDeg ;
</pre>
In the completely regular case, the comparison forms are constructed by
the particle <i>plus</i>.
<pre>
aReg : Str -> Position -> AdjDeg ; -- lent (, plus lent)
</pre>
On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
just to use a one-place adjective.
<pre>
apReg : Str -> Position -> AP ;
</pre>
<h2> Verbs</h2>
<p>
The fragment only has present tense so far, but in all persons.
These are examples of standard conjugations are available. The full list
of Bescherelle conjugations is given in <tt>MorphoFra.gf</tt>, with all forms
(their type is <tt>Verbum</tt>). The present-tense forms can be extracted by the
function <tt>extractVerb</tt>.
<pre>
vAimer : Str -> V ;
vFinir : Str -> V ;
vDormir : Str -> V ;
vCourir : Str -> V ;
vVenir : Str -> V ;
extractVerb : Verbum -> V ;
</pre>
The verbs 'be' and 'have' are special.
<pre>
vEtre : V ;
vAvoir : V ;
</pre>
Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
a particle can be included in a <tt>V</tt>.
<pre>
mkTV : V -> Preposition -> Case -> TV ;
tvDir : V -> TV ;
</pre>
The idiom with <i>avoir</i> and an invariable noun, such as <i>peur</i>, <i>faim</i>,
and a two-place variant with <i>de</i> + complement.
<pre>
avoirChose : Str -> V ;
avoirChoseDe : Str -> TV ;
</pre>
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document.
</body>
</html>