From f3f346d6d97bae7d2a1676126bd5ee24367fffe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: aarne Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2006 15:55:56 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] new resource doc on Phrase etc --- lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Adverb.gf | 3 +- lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Cat.gf | 2 +- lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Phrase.gf | 46 ++++-- lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.gf | 54 ++++++-- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html | 12 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html | 14 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Basic.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html | 61 ++++---- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lex.html | 8 +- .../doc/gfdoc/ListConjunction.html | 2 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Math.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html | 47 ++++--- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDut.html | 2 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html | 84 ++++++++--- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html | 93 +++++++++++-- .../doc/gfdoc/SeqConjunction.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html | 12 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tensed.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Test.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Untensed.html | 8 +- lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html | 131 +++++++++++++----- lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf | 7 +- 31 files changed, 511 insertions(+), 187 deletions(-) diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Adverb.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Adverb.gf index 9165d1c94..9e301cfc6 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Adverb.gf +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Adverb.gf @@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ abstract Adverb = Cat ** { PositAdvAdj : A -> Adv ; -- quickly PrepNP : Prep -> NP -> Adv ; -- in the house - -- Comparative adverbs have a noun phrase or a sentence as object of -- comparison. @@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ abstract Adverb = Cat ** { -- Subordinate clauses can function as adverbs. SubjS : Subj -> S -> Adv ; -- when he arrives - AdvSC : SC -> Adv ; ---- REMOVE THIS? + AdvSC : SC -> Adv ; -- that he arrives ---- REMOVE? -- Comparison adverbs also work as numeral adverbs. diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Cat.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Cat.gf index 3365a3414..a3f15c300 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Cat.gf +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Cat.gf @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ abstract Cat = { Cl ; -- declarative clause, with all tenses e.g. "she looks at this" Slash ; -- clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG) e.g. "she looks at" Imp ; -- imperative e.g. "look at this" + SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains" --2 Questions and interrogatives @@ -52,7 +53,6 @@ abstract Cat = { VP ; -- verb phrase e.g. "is very warm" Comp ; -- complement of copula, such as AP e.g. "very warm" - SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains" --2 Adjectival phrases diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Phrase.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Phrase.gf index 4fc61e3c5..52a77a387 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Phrase.gf +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Phrase.gf @@ -1,21 +1,43 @@ +--1 Phrases and utterances + abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** { +-- When a phrase is built from an utterance it can be prefixed +-- with a phrasal conjunction (such as "but", "therefore") +-- and suffixing with a vocative (typically a noun phrase). + fun - PhrUtt : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr ; + PhrUtt : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr ; -- But go home my friend. - UttS : S -> Utt ; - UttQS : QS -> Utt ; - UttImpSg, UttImpPl : Pol -> Imp -> Utt ; +-- Utterances are formed from sentences, questions, and imperatives. - UttIP : IP -> Utt ; - UttIAdv : IAdv -> Utt ; - UttNP : NP -> Utt ; - UttAdv : Adv -> Utt ; - UttVP : VP -> Utt ; + UttS : S -> Utt ; -- John walks + UttQS : QS -> Utt ; -- is it good + UttImpSg : Pol -> Imp -> Utt; -- (don't) help yourself + UttImpPl : Pol -> Imp -> Utt; -- (don't) help yourselves - NoPConj : PConj ; - PConjConj : Conj -> PConj ; +-- There are also 'one-word utterances'. A typical use of them is +-- as answers to questions. +-- *Note*. This list is incomplete. More categories could be covered. +-- Moreover, in many languages e.g. noun phrases in different cases +-- can be used. + + UttIP : IP -> Utt ; -- who + UttIAdv : IAdv -> Utt ; -- why + UttNP : NP -> Utt ; -- this man + UttAdv : Adv -> Utt ; -- here + UttVP : VP -> Utt ; -- to sleep + +-- The phrasal conjunction is optional. A sentence conjunction +-- can also used to prefix an utterance. + + NoPConj : PConj ; + PConjConj : Conj -> PConj ; -- and + +-- The vocative is optional. Any noun phrase can be made into vocative, +-- which may be overgenerating (e.g. "I"). NoVoc : Voc ; - VocNP : NP -> Voc ; + VocNP : NP -> Voc ; -- my friend + } diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.gf index a0e94cd1a..475429bcb 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.gf +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.gf @@ -1,19 +1,53 @@ +--1 Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements + abstract Sentence = Cat ** { +--2 Clauses + +-- The $NP VP$ predication rule form a clause whose linearization +-- gives a table of all tense variants, positive and negative. +-- Clauses are converted to $S$ (with fixed tense) in [Tensed Tensed.html]. + fun + PredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ; -- John walks - PredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ; - PredSCVP : SC -> VP -> Cl ; +-- Using an embedded sentence as a subject is treated separately. +-- This can be overgenerating. E.g. "whether you go" as subject +-- is only meaningful for some verb phrases. - ImpVP : VP -> Imp ; + PredSCVP : SC -> VP -> Cl ; -- that you go makes me happy - SlashV2 : NP -> V2 -> Slash ; - SlashVVV2 : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash ; - AdvSlash : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ; - SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ; +--2 Clauses missing object noun phrases + +-- This category is a variant of the 'slash category' $S/NP$ of +-- GPSG and categorial grammars, which in turn replaces +-- movement transformations in the formation of questions +-- and relative clauses. Except $SlashV2$, the construction +-- rules can be seen as special cases of function composition, in +-- the style of CCG. +-- *Note* the set is not complete and lacks e.g. verbs with more than 2 places. + + SlashV2 : NP -> V2 -> Slash ; -- (whom) he sees + SlashVVV2 : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash; -- (whom) he wants to see + AdvSlash : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ; -- (whom) he sees tomorrow + SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ; -- (with whom) he walks + +--2 Imperatives + +-- An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase. +-- It has variation over positive and negative, singular and plural. +-- To fix these parameters, see [Phrase Phrase.html]. + + ImpVP : VP -> Imp ; -- go + +--2 Embedded sentences + +-- Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as +-- subjects and (adverbial) complements. + + EmbedS : S -> SC ; -- that you go + EmbedQS : QS -> SC ; -- whether you go + EmbedVP : VP -> SC ; -- to go - EmbedS : S -> SC ; - EmbedQS : QS -> SC ; - EmbedVP : VP -> SC ; } diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html index 27a1da826..d4c4b3979 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html @@ -6,13 +6,17 @@

Adjectives and adjectival phrases

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:56 2006
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. +Author:
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006

+ +

@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+ +

Adjectives and adjectival phrases

     abstract Adjective = Cat ** {
     
@@ -65,6 +71,6 @@ by Adverb.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html index e0ca9a551..a5246d883 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html @@ -6,13 +6,17 @@

Adverbs and adverbial phrases

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:56 2006
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. +Author:
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006

+ +

@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+ +

Adverbs and adverbial phrases

     abstract Adverb = Cat ** {
     
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ Subordinate clauses can function as adverbs.
 

 
         SubjS : Subj -> S -> Adv ;               -- when he arrives
-        AdvSC : SC -> Adv ;                      ---- REMOVE THIS?
+        AdvSC : SC -> Adv ;                      -- that he arrives ---- REMOVE?
 

 

 

@@ -70,6 +76,6 @@ Comparison adverbs also work as numeral adverbs.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Basic.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Basic.html index 779044642..93786dc04 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Basic.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Basic.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:56 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Basic = Cat ** {
       fun
@@ -247,6 +251,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html index 49143dbb9..7b97abe14 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html @@ -6,27 +6,30 @@

The category system

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. +Author:
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006

+

@@ -36,13 +39,15 @@ Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+ +

The category system

     abstract Cat = {
     
       cat

- +

Top-level units

Constructed in Phrase. @@ -54,7 +59,7 @@ Constructed in Phrase. Voc ; -- vocative or "please" e.g. "my darling"

- +

Tensed sentences

Constructed in Tensed. @@ -66,7 +71,7 @@ A simplified variant, with just present forms, is Untens RS ; -- relative e.g. "in which she lived"

- +

Clauses

Constructed in Sentence. @@ -75,9 +80,10 @@ Constructed in Sentence. Cl ; -- declarative clause, with all tenses e.g. "she looks at this" Slash ; -- clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG) e.g. "she looks at" Imp ; -- imperative e.g. "look at this" + SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains"

- +

Questions and interrogatives

Constructed in Question. @@ -89,7 +95,7 @@ Constructed in Question. IDet ; -- interrogative determiner e.g. "which"

- +

Relative clauses and pronouns

Constructed in Relative. @@ -99,7 +105,7 @@ Constructed in Relative. RP ; -- relative pronoun e.g. "in which"

- +

Verb phrases

Constructed in Verb. @@ -107,10 +113,9 @@ Constructed in Verb. 

         VP ;    -- verb phrase                         e.g. "is very warm"
         Comp ;  -- complement of copula, such as AP    e.g. "very warm"
-        SC ;    -- embedded sentence or question       e.g. "that it rains"

- +

Adjectival phrases

Constructed in Adjective. @@ -119,7 +124,7 @@ Constructed in Adjective. AP ; -- adjectival phrase e.g. "very warm"

- +

Nouns and noun phrases

Constructed in Noun. @@ -145,7 +150,7 @@ as defined in Noun. Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh"

- +

Adverbs

Constructed in Adverb. @@ -158,7 +163,7 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in Structural. AdN ; -- numeral-modifying adverb, e.g. "more than"

- +

Numerals

Constructed in Numeral. @@ -167,7 +172,7 @@ Constructed in Numeral. Numeral;-- cardinal or ordinal, e.g. "five/fifth"

- +

Structural words

Constructed in Structural. @@ -181,7 +186,7 @@ Constructed in Structural. Prep ; -- preposition, or just case e.g. "in"

- +

Words of open classes

These are constructed in Basic and in additional lexicon modules. @@ -208,6 +213,6 @@ These are constructed in Basic and in additional lexico

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html index 48ee60c2b..03cb00c73 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
     
@@ -50,6 +54,6 @@ These categories are internal to this module.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html index ba1ae7ef1..96cb8a476 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Lang = 
       Noun,
@@ -39,6 +43,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lex.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lex.html index 438e921d2..48dc1dca3 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lex.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lex.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Lex = Cat ** {
     
@@ -80,6 +84,6 @@ structural

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ListConjunction.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ListConjunction.html index 7f0c5403f..cf8609ac9 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ListConjunction.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ListConjunction.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@

Author: -Last update: Tue Jan 10 16:38:51 2006 +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006

Produced by diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Math.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Math.html index 3fad6351e..09673ac6a 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Math.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Math.html @@ -18,13 +18,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Math = Cat ** {
@@ -59,6 +63,6 @@ This produces x, y and z, in English.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html index 896f90f48..d04338891 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html @@ -6,18 +6,21 @@

The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:58 2006
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. +Author:
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006

+

@@ -27,13 +30,13 @@ Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+ +

The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners

     abstract Noun = Cat ** {
-    
-      fun

- +

Noun phrases

The three main types of noun phrases are @@ -45,27 +48,32 @@ The three main types of noun phrases are 

+      fun
         DetCN   : Det -> CN -> NP ;   -- the man
         UsePN   : PN -> NP ;          -- John
         UsePron : Pron -> NP ;        -- he

-Pronouns are given in the module Structural. +Pronouns are defined in the module Structural. +A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a Predeterminer.

- +
+       PredetNP : Predet -> NP -> NP; -- only the man 
+
+

+

Determiners

-The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which four -different optional parts can be discerned. The noun phrase -all my first forty books shows each of these parts. +The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus' +quantifier and two optional parts can be discerned. The cardinal numeral is only available for plural determiners. (This is modified from CLE by further dividing their Num into cardinal and ordinal.) 

-        DetSg : Predet -> QuantSg ->        Ord -> Det ;
-        DetPl : Predet -> QuantPl -> Num -> Ord -> Det ;
+        DetSg : QuantSg ->        Ord -> Det ;  -- this best man
+        DetPl : QuantPl -> Num -> Ord -> Det ;  -- these five best men

@@ -83,9 +91,8 @@ All parts of the determiner can be empty, except Quant, which is the kernel of a determiner. 

-        NoPredet : Predet ;
-        NoNum    : Num ;
-        NoOrd    : Ord ;
+        NoNum  : Num ;
+        NoOrd  : Ord ;

@@ -144,7 +151,7 @@ in semantically odd expressions.

Other determiners are defined in Structural.

- +

Common nouns

Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright. @@ -190,6 +197,6 @@ to decide. Sentential complements are defined in Verb.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html index 51b67fd62..553bd6940 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html @@ -13,7 +13,8 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:58 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006

Produced by @@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+== +

+

numerals from 1 to 999999 in decimal notation 

@@ -56,6 +60,6 @@ numerals from 1 to 999999 in decimal notation

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDut.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDut.html index f645c42b0..5ffec6bc5 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDut.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDut.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@

Author: -Last update: Tue Jan 10 16:38:53 2006 +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006

Produced by diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html index 320868fb5..cad761aeb 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html @@ -41,7 +41,8 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:01 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006

Produced by @@ -49,6 +50,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+== +

+

# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude

@@ -450,6 +454,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are hidden from the document.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html index 202bcf2b5..a8804a47b 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html @@ -13,7 +13,8 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:01 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006

Produced by @@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+== +

+

--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude

@@ -586,6 +590,6 @@ mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p **** {lock_A2 = <>} ; } ;

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html index d3012317a..39a209a03 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html @@ -42,7 +42,8 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:01 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006

Produced by @@ -50,6 +51,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+== +

+

# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude

@@ -450,6 +454,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are hidden from the document.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html index 05f3f7b92..71e8331ff 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html @@ -2,49 +2,91 @@ + Phrases and utterances +

Phrases and utterances

+Author:
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006

+ +

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:58 2006 -

-

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+ +

Phrases and utterances

     abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** {
-    
+
+

+

+When a phrase is built from an utterance it can be prefixed +with a phrasal conjunction (such as but, therefore) +and suffixing with a vocative (typically a noun phrase). +

+
       fun
-        PhrUtt  : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr ;
-    
-        UttS    : S -> Utt ;
-        UttQS   : QS -> Utt ;
-        UttImpSg, UttImpPl  : Pol -> Imp -> Utt ;
-    
-        UttIP   : IP   -> Utt ;
-        UttIAdv : IAdv -> Utt ;
-        UttNP   : NP   -> Utt ;
-        UttAdv  : Adv  -> Utt ;
-        UttVP   : VP   -> Utt ;
-    
-        NoPConj : PConj ;
-        PConjConj : Conj -> PConj ;
-    
+        PhrUtt   : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr ; -- But go home my friend.
+
+

+

+Utterances are formed from sentences, questions, and imperatives. +

+
+        UttS     : S -> Utt ;                   -- John walks
+        UttQS    : QS -> Utt ;                  -- is it good
+        UttImpSg : Pol -> Imp -> Utt;           -- (don't) help yourself
+        UttImpPl : Pol -> Imp -> Utt;           -- (don't) help yourselves
+
+

+

+There are also 'one-word utterances'. A typical use of them is +as answers to questions. +Note. This list is incomplete. More categories could be covered. +Moreover, in many languages e.g. noun phrases in different cases +can be used. +

+
+        UttIP   : IP   -> Utt ;                 -- who
+        UttIAdv : IAdv -> Utt ;                 -- why
+        UttNP   : NP   -> Utt ;                 -- this man
+        UttAdv  : Adv  -> Utt ;                 -- here
+        UttVP   : VP   -> Utt ;                 -- to sleep
+
+

+

+The phrasal conjunction is optional. A sentence conjunction +can also used to prefix an utterance. +

+
+        NoPConj   : PConj ;                      
+        PConjConj : Conj -> PConj ;             -- and
+
+

+

+The vocative is optional. Any noun phrase can be made into vocative, +which may be overgenerating (e.g. I). +

+
         NoVoc   : Voc ;
-        VocNP   : NP -> Voc ;
+        VocNP   : NP -> Voc ;                   -- my friend
+    
     }

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html index b833ff114..447c63323 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:58 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Question = Cat ** {
     
@@ -39,6 +43,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html index 4636934a7..b23547276 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Relative = Cat ** {
     
@@ -36,6 +40,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html index dac1c0966..453b85ab1 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html @@ -2,43 +2,106 @@ + Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements +

Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements

+Author:
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006

+ +

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006 -

-

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+ +

Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements

     abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
-    
+
+

+ +

Clauses

+

+The NP VP predication rule form a clause whose linearization +gives a table of all tense variants, positive and negative. +Clauses are converted to S (with fixed tense) in Tensed. +

+
       fun
-    
-        PredVP   : NP -> VP -> Cl ;
-        PredSCVP : SC -> VP -> Cl ;
-    
-        ImpVP    : VP -> Imp ;
-    
-        SlashV2   : NP -> V2 -> Slash ;
-        SlashVVV2 : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash ;
-        AdvSlash  : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ;
-        SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ;
+        PredVP    : NP -> VP -> Cl ;         -- John walks
+
+

+

+Using an embedded sentence as a subject is treated separately. +This can be overgenerating. E.g. whether you go as subject +is only meaningful for some verb phrases. +

+
+        PredSCVP  : SC -> VP -> Cl ;         -- that you go makes me happy
+
+

+ +

Clauses missing object noun phrases

+

+This category is a variant of the 'slash category' S/NP of +GPSG and categorial grammars, which in turn replaces +movement transformations in the formation of questions +and relative clauses. Except SlashV2, the construction +rules can be seen as special cases of function composition, in +the style of CCG. +Note the set is not complete and lacks e.g. verbs with more than 2 places. +

+
+        SlashV2   : NP -> V2 -> Slash ;      -- (whom) he sees
+        SlashVVV2 : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash; -- (whom) he wants to see 
+        AdvSlash  : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ;  -- (whom) he sees tomorrow
+        SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ;    -- (with whom) he walks 
+
+

+ +

Imperatives

+

+An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase. +It has variation over positive and negative, singular and plural. +To fix these parameters, see Phrase. +

+
+        ImpVP     : VP -> Imp ;              -- go
+
+

+ +

Embedded sentences

+

+Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as +subjects and (adverbial) complements. +

+
+        EmbedS    : S  -> SC ;               -- that you go
+        EmbedQS   : QS -> SC ;               -- whether you go
+        EmbedVP   : VP -> SC ;               -- to go
     
     }

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/SeqConjunction.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/SeqConjunction.html index dea825679..9642b156a 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/SeqConjunction.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/SeqConjunction.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract SeqConjunction = Cat ** {
@@ -70,6 +74,6 @@ we use right-associative lists instead of GF's built-in lists

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html index 4ee28e2cb..1982c9b04 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html @@ -6,13 +6,17 @@

GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file. +Author:
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006

+ +

@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+ +

GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words

AR 21/11/2003 -- 30/11/2005

@@ -158,6 +164,6 @@ they8fem_NP : NP ;

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html index b53f4083e..1267a0c7d 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:00 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Tense = {
     
@@ -37,6 +41,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tensed.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tensed.html index 08d569d0e..a70e614a6 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tensed.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tensed.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Tensed = Cat, Tense ** {
     
@@ -32,6 +36,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Test.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Test.html index 2b2dbd6b5..f7af06074 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Test.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Test.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:00 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Test = 
       Noun,
@@ -39,6 +43,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Untensed.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Untensed.html index 09432e45d..b8eda917f 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Untensed.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Untensed.html @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:00 2006 +Author: +Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+

+== +

     abstract Untensed = Cat ** {
     
@@ -32,6 +36,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html index 0b4ee0596..b5f0de297 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html @@ -2,63 +2,128 @@ + The construction of verb phrases +

The construction of verb phrases

+Author:
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006

+ +

-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:00 2006 -

-

Produced by gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator. (c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.

+ +

The construction of verb phrases

     abstract Verb = Cat ** {
-    
+
+

+ +

Complementization rules

+

+Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their +complements. There is one rule for each verb category. +

+
       fun
-        UseV    : V -> VP ;
-        ComplV2 : V2 -> NP -> VP ;
-        ComplV3 : V3 -> NP -> NP -> VP ;
+        UseV     : V   -> VP ;              -- sleep
+        ComplV2  : V2  -> NP -> VP ;        -- use it
+        ComplV3  : V3  -> NP -> NP -> VP ;  -- send a message to her
     
-        ComplVV : VV -> VP -> VP ;
-        ComplVS : VS -> S  -> VP ;
-        ComplVQ : VQ -> QS -> VP ;
+        ComplVV  : VV  -> VP -> VP ;        -- want to run
+        ComplVS  : VS  -> S  -> VP ;        -- know that she runs
+        ComplVQ  : VQ  -> QS -> VP ;        -- ask if she runs
     
-        ComplVA : VA -> AP -> VP ;
-        ComplV2A : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP ;
-    
-        ReflV2  : V2 -> VP ;
-        PassV2  : V2 -> Comp ; --- overgen (V2 with prep)
-    
-        UseComp : Comp -> VP ;
-    
-        AdvVP   : VP -> Adv -> VP ; -- here
-        AdVVP   : AdV -> VP -> VP ; -- always
-    
-        CompAP  : AP  -> Comp ;
-        CompNP  : NP  -> Comp ;
-        CompAdv : Adv -> Comp ;
-    
-        UseVV   : VV -> V2 ;
-        UseVQ   : VQ -> V2 ;
-        UseVS   : VS -> V2 ;
-    
-        EmbedS  : S  -> SC ;
-        EmbedQS : QS -> SC ;
-        EmbedVP : VP -> SC ;
+        ComplVA  : VA  -> AP -> VP ;        -- look red
+        ComplV2A : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP ;  -- paint the house red
+
+

+ +

Other ways of forming verb phrases

+

+Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from +copula-preceded complements. +

+
+        ReflV2   : V2 -> VP ;               -- use itself
+        UseComp  : Comp -> VP ;             -- be warm
+
+

+

+Passivization of two-place verbs is another way to use +them. In many languages, the result is a participle that +is used as complement to a copula (is used), but other +auxiliary verbs are possible (Ger. wird angewendet, It. +viene usato), as well as special verb forms (Fin. käytetään, +Swe. används). +

+

+Note. the rule can be overgenerating, since the V2 need not +take a direct object. +

+
+        PassV2   : V2 -> VP ;               -- be used
+
+

+

+Adverbs can be added to verb phrases. Many languages make +a distinction between adverbs that are attached in the end +vs. next to (or before) the verb. +

+
+        AdvVP    : VP -> Adv -> VP ;        -- sleep here
+        AdVVP    : AdV -> VP -> VP ;        -- always sleep
+
+

+

+Agents of passives are constructed as adverbs with the +preposition Structural.8agent_Prep. +

+ +

Complements to copula

+

+Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used. +

+
+        CompAP   : AP  -> Comp ;            -- (be) small
+        CompNP   : NP  -> Comp ;            -- (be) a soldier
+        CompAdv  : Adv -> Comp ;            -- (be) here
+
+

+ +

Coercions

+

+Verbs can change subcategorization patterns in systematic ways, +but this is very much language-dependent. The following two +work in all the languages we cover. +

+
+        UseVQ   : VQ -> V2 ;                -- ask (a question)
+        UseVS   : VS -> V2 ;                -- know (a secret)
     
     }

- + diff --git a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf index a3d249b3c..da7a65a08 100644 --- a/lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf +++ b/lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +--# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude + --1 English auxiliary operations. -- This module contains operations that are needed to make the @@ -205,7 +207,10 @@ resource ResEng = ParamEng ** open Prelude in { => ["am not"] ; --- am not I _ => agrVerb (posneg b "is") (posneg b "are") a } ; - past = \\b,a => agrVerb (posneg b "was") (posneg b "were") a ; + past = \\b,a => case a of { + {n = Sg ; p = P1|P3} => (posneg b "was") ; + _ => (posneg b "were") + } ; inf = "be" ; ppart = "been" } ;