COmpleted Finnish resource.

COmpleted Finnish resource.
Changed module names.

grammars/resource/finnish/MorphoFin.gf

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 -- This resource morphology contains definitions needed in the resource
 -- syntax. It moreover contains the most usual inflectional patterns.
 --
--- We use the parameter types and word classes defined in $Types.gf$.
+-- We use the parameter types and word classes defined in $TypesFin.gf$.
 
-resource Morpho = Types ** open (Predef = Predef), Prelude in {
+resource MorphoFin = TypesFin ** open (Predef = Predef), Prelude in {
 
 --2 Nouns
 --
@@ -267,6 +267,32 @@ oper
             (tilauks + ("i" + a))
             (tilauks + "iin") ;
 
+-- Some words have the three grades ("rakkaus","rakkauden","rakkautena"), which
+-- are however derivable from the stem.
+
+  sRakkaus : Str -> CommonNoun = \rakkaus ->
+    let {
+      rakkau    = Predef.tk 1 rakkaus ;
+      rakkaut   = rakkau + "t" ;
+      rakkaute  = rakkau + "te" ;
+      rakkaude  = rakkau + "de" ;
+      rakkauksi = rakkau + "ksi" ;
+      u         = Predef.dp 1 rakkau ;
+      a         = ifTok Str u "u" "a" "ä"
+    } 
+    in
+    mkSubst a 
+            rakkaus
+            rakkaude
+            rakkaute
+            (rakkaut + ("t" + a)) 
+            (rakkaut + "een")
+            rakkauksi
+            rakkauksi
+            (rakkauksi + "en")
+            (rakkauksi + a)
+            (rakkauksi + "in") ;
+
 -- The following covers nouns like "nauris" and adjectives like "kallis", "tyyris".
 
   sNauris : (_ : Str) -> CommonNoun = \naurista ->
@@ -526,7 +552,8 @@ caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn ->
 --3 Verbs
 --
 
-  mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = \tulla,tulen,tulee,tulevat,tulkaa -> 
+  mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb = 
+    \tulla,tulen,tulee,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan -> 
     let {
       tule = Predef.tk 1 tulen ;
       a = Predef.dp 1 tulkaa
@@ -541,7 +568,9 @@ caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn ->
       Ind Pl P3 => tulevat ;
       Imper Sg  => tule ;
       Imper Pl  => tulkaa ;
-      ImpNegPl  => Predef.tk 2 tulkaa + (ifTok Str a "a" "o" "ö") 
+      ImpNegPl  => Predef.tk 2 tulkaa + (ifTok Str a "a" "o" "ö") ;
+      Pass True => tullaan ;
+      Pass False => Predef.tk 2 tullaan
       }
     } ;
 
@@ -558,7 +587,8 @@ caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn ->
       (sano + "n")
       (sano + o)
       (sano + (("v" + a) + "t"))
-      (sano + (("k" + a) + a)) ;
+      (sano + (("k" + a) + a))
+      (sano + ((("t" + a) + a) + "n")) ;
 
 -- For "ottaa", "käyttää", "löytää", "huoltaa", "hiihtää", "siirtää".
 
@@ -566,14 +596,16 @@ caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn ->
     let {
       a    = Predef.dp 1 ottaa ;
       ota  = Predef.tk 1 otan ;
-      otta = Predef.tk 1 ottaa
+      otta = Predef.tk 1 ottaa ;
+      ote  = Predef.tk 1 ota + "e"
     } in
     mkVerb
       ottaa
       (ota + "n")
       ottaa
       (otta + (("v" + a) + "t"))
-      (otta + (("k" + a) + a)) ;
+      (otta + (("k" + a) + a)) 
+      (ote  + ((("t" + a) + a) + "n")) ;
 
 -- For "poistaa", "ryystää".
 
@@ -593,7 +625,8 @@ caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn ->
       juoksen
       (juokse + "e")
       (juokse + (("v" + a) + "t"))
-      (juos + (("k" + a) + a)) ;
+      (juos + (("k" + a) + a)) 
+      (juosta + (a + "n")) ;
 
 -- For "juoda", "syödä".
 
@@ -607,16 +640,17 @@ caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn ->
       (juo + "n")
       juo
       (juo + (("v" + a) + "t"))
-      (juo + (("k" + a) + a)) ;
+      (juo + (("k" + a) + a)) 
+      (juoda + (a + "n")) ;
 
 
-  verbOlla : Verb = mkVerb "olla" "olen" "on" "ovat" "olkaa" ;
+  verbOlla : Verb = mkVerb "olla" "olen" "on" "ovat" "olkaa" "ollaan" ;
 
--- The negating operator "ei" is actually a verb, which has has present 
+-- The negating operator "ei" is actually a verb, which has present 
--- indicative and imperative forms, but no infinitive.
+-- active indicative and imperative forms, but no infinitive.
 
   verbEi : Verb = 
-    let {ei = mkVerb nonExist "en" "ei" "eivät" "älkää"} in
+    let {ei = mkVerb nonExist "en" "ei" "eivät" "älkää" "ei"} in
     {s = table {
       Ind Pl P3 => "eivät" ;
       v => ei.s ! v

grammars/resource/finnish/ResFin.gf

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 -- They should use $resource.Abs.gf$ to access the syntactic rules.
 -- This file can be consulted in those, hopefully rare, occasions in which
 -- one has to know how the syntactic categories are
--- implemented. The parameter types are defined in $types.Fin.gf$.
+-- implemented. The parameter types are defined in $TypesFin.gf$.
 
-concrete ResFin of ResAbs = open Prelude, Syntax in {
+concrete ResFin of ResAbs = open Prelude, SyntaxFin in {
 
 flags 
   startcat=Phr ; 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ lincat
 
   V      = Verb ; 
       -- = {s : VForm => Str}
-  VP     = Verb ** {s2 : VForm => Str} ;
+  VP     = Verb ** {s2 : VForm => Str ; c : ComplCase} ;
   TV     = TransVerb ;
       -- = Verb ** {s3, s4 : Str ; c : ComplCase} ;
   V3     = TransVerb ** {s5, s6 : Str ; c2 : ComplCase} ;
@@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ lin
   DefOneNP = defNounPhrase singular ;
   DefManyNP = defNounPhrase plural ;
 
+  CNthatS = nounThatSentence ;
+
   PredVP = predVerbPhrase ;
   PosV = predVerb True ;
   NegV = predVerb False ;
@@ -103,6 +105,8 @@ lin
   NegTV = complTransVerb False ;
   PosV3 = complDitransVerb True ;
   NegV3 = complDitransVerb False ;
+  PosPassV = passVerb True ;
+  NegPassV = passVerb False ;
   PosNP = predNounPhrase True ;
   NegNP = predNounPhrase False ;
   PosVS = complSentVerb True ;
@@ -116,6 +120,7 @@ lin
 
   PosSlashTV = slashTransVerb True ;
   NegSlashTV = slashTransVerb False ;
+  OneVP = passPredVerbPhrase ;
 
   IdRP = identRelPron ;
   FunRP = funRelPron ;
@@ -165,6 +170,7 @@ lin
   SubjS = subjunctSentence ;
   SubjImper = subjunctImperative ;
   SubjQu = subjunctQuestion ;
+  SubjVP = subjunctVerbPhrase ;
 
   PhrNP = useNounPhrase ;
   PhrOneCN = useCommonNounPhrase singular ;

grammars/resource/finnish/SyntaxFin.gf

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
 --
 -- The following files are presupposed:
 
-resource Syntax = Morpho ** open Prelude, (CO = Coordination) in {
+resource SyntaxFin = MorphoFin ** open Prelude, (CO = Coordination) in {
 
 --2 Common Nouns
 --
--- Simple common nouns are defined as the type $CommNoun$ in $morpho.Fin.gf$.
+-- Simple common nouns are defined as the type $CommNoun$ in $MorphoFin$.
 
 --3 Common noun phrases
 
@@ -187,6 +187,14 @@ oper
 
   plurDet : CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = pluralNounPhrase ;
 
+-- Constructions like "huomio että kaksi on parillinen" are formed at the
+-- first place as common nouns, so that one can also have 
+-- "kaikki ehdotukset että...".
+
+  nounThatSentence : CommNounPhrase -> Sentence -> CommNounPhrase = \idea,x -> 
+    {s = \\p,n,c => idea.s ! p ! n ! c ++ "että" ++ x.s ; 
+     g = idea.g
+    } ;
 
 --2 Adjectives
 --
@@ -370,8 +378,15 @@ oper
 -- Verb phrases are discontinuous: the two parts of a verb phrase are
 -- (s) an inflected verb, (s2) a complement.
 -- For instance: "on" - "kaunis" ; "ei" - "ole kaunis" ; "sisältää" - "rikkiä".
+-- Moreover, a subject case is needed, because of passive and 'have' verb
+-- phrases ("minä uin" ; "minut valitaan" ; "minua odotetaan" ; "minulla on jano").
 
-  VerbPhrase = Verb ** {s2 : VForm => Str} ;
+  VerbPhrase = Verb ** {s2 : VForm => Str ; c : ComplCase} ;
+
+-- The normal subject case is the nominative.
+
+  nomVerbPhrase : (Verb ** {s2 : VForm => Str}) -> VerbPhrase = \v ->
+    v ** {c = CCase Nom} ;
 
 -- From the inflection table, we select the finite form as function 
 -- of person and number:
@@ -398,7 +413,10 @@ oper
                                                 }
                                         }
        } 
-     in if_then_else VerbPhrase b (walk ** noCompl) (verbEi ** infCompl) ; 
+     in
+       if_then_else VerbPhrase b 
+         (nomVerbPhrase (walk ** noCompl)) 
+         (nomVerbPhrase (verbEi ** infCompl)) ; 
 
 -- (N.B. local definitions workaround for poor type inference in GF 1.2).
 
@@ -432,8 +450,8 @@ oper
         \\v => verbOlla.s ! vFormNeg ++ miehia ! v
       }
     in if_then_else VerbPhrase b 
-         (verbOlla ** {s2 = miehia})
+         (nomVerbPhrase (verbOlla ** {s2 = miehia}))
-         (verbEi   ** {s2 = olemiehia}) ;
+         (nomVerbPhrase (verbEi   ** {s2 = olemiehia})) ;
 
   predNounPhrase : Bool -> NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase = \b,jussi ->
     let {jussia : Bool => Number => Case => Str = \\_,_,_ => jussi.s ! NPCase Nom}
@@ -465,7 +483,7 @@ oper
       talon : VForm => Str = \\v => 
                 ostaa.s3 ++ talo.s ! complementCase b ostaa.c v ++ ostaa.s4
       }
-    in {
+    in nomVerbPhrase {
       s  = ostan.s ;
       s2 = \\v => ostan.s2 ! v ++ talon ! v
       } ;
@@ -481,7 +499,9 @@ oper
         Inf => NPAccNom ;
         Ind _ _ => NPAccGen ;
         Imper _ => NPAccNom ;
-        ImpNegPl => NPCase Part
+        ImpNegPl => NPCase Part ;
+        Pass True => NPAccNom ;
+        Pass False => NPCase Part
         } ;
       _ => NPCase Part
       }
@@ -498,6 +518,21 @@ oper
   mkTransVerbDir : Verb -> TransVerb = \ostaa -> 
     ostaa ** {s3 = [] ; s4 = [] ; c = CAcc} ;
 
+-- Most two-place verbs can be used passively; the object case need not be
+-- the accusative, and it becomes the subject case in the passive sentence.
+
+  passTransVerb : Bool -> TransVerb -> VerbPhrase = \b,tavata ->
+    {s  = \\_ => if_then_else Str b (tavata.s ! Pass b) "ei" ;
+     s2 = \\_ => if_then_else Str b [] (tavata.s ! Pass b) ;
+     c  = tavata.c
+    } ;
+
+-- The API function does not demand that the verb is two-place.
+-- Therefore, we can only give it the accusative case, as default.
+
+  passVerb : Bool -> Verb -> VerbPhrase = \b,uida ->
+    passTransVerb b (mkTransVerbDir uida) ;
+
 -- Transitive verbs can be used elliptically as verbs. The semantics
 -- is left to applications. The definition is trivial, due to record
 -- subtyping.
@@ -505,6 +540,15 @@ oper
   transAsVerb : TransVerb -> Verb = \juoda -> 
     juoda ;
 
+-- The 'real' Finnish passive is unpersonal, equivalent to the
+-- "man" construction in German. It is formed by inflecting the
+-- bare verb phrase in passive, and putting the complement before
+-- the verb ("auttaa minua" - "minua autetaan").
+
+  passPredVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase -> Sentence = \auttaaminua ->
+    let {p = Pass True} in
+    {s = auttaaminua.s2 ! p ++ auttaaminua.s ! p} ;
+
 -- *Ditransitive verbs* are verbs with three argument places.
 -- We treat so far only the rule in which the ditransitive
 -- verb takes both complements to form a verb phrase.
@@ -521,7 +565,7 @@ oper
       meille : VForm => Str = \\v => 
                 ostaa.s5 ++ me.s ! complementCase b ostaa.c2 v ++ ostaa.s6
       }
-    in {
+    in nomVerbPhrase {
       s  = ostan.s ;
       s2 = \\v => ostan.s2 ! v ++ talon ! v ++ meille ! v 
       } ;
@@ -539,7 +583,8 @@ oper
 
   adVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase -> Adverb -> VerbPhrase = \laulaa, hyvin ->
     {s = laulaa.s ;
-     s2 = \\v => bothWays (laulaa.s2 ! v) hyvin.s 
+     s2 = \\v => bothWays (laulaa.s2 ! v) hyvin.s ;
+     c = laulaa.c
     } ;
 
   advAdjPhrase : Adverb -> AdjPhrase -> AdjPhrase = \liian, iso ->
@@ -581,8 +626,12 @@ oper
 -- contain negation. 
 
   predVerbPhrase : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Sentence = \jussi,uida ->
-    let {p = np2Person jussi.p} in
+    let {
-    ss (jussi.s ! NPCase Nom ++ uida.s ! Ind jussi.n p ++ uida.s2 ! Ind jussi.n p) ;
+      p = np2Person jussi.p ;
+      c = complementCase True uida.c Inf --- True,Inf don't matter here
+    } 
+    in
+    ss (jussi.s ! c ++ uida.s ! Ind jussi.n p ++ uida.s2 ! Ind jussi.n p) ;
 
 -- This is a macro for simultaneous predication and complementization.
 
@@ -603,7 +652,7 @@ oper
     let {
       sanon = predVerb b sanoa
       }
-    in {
+    in nomVerbPhrase {
       s  = sanon.s ;
       s2 = \\v => sanon.s2 ! v ++ conjEtta ++ jussiui.s
       } ;
@@ -653,7 +702,8 @@ oper
   RelClause : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
 
   relVerbPhrase : RelPron -> VerbPhrase -> RelClause = \joka,ui ->
-    {s = \\n => joka.s ! n ! Nom ++ ui.s ! Ind n P3 ++ ui.s2 ! Ind n P3} ;
+    {s = \\n => joka.s ! n ! npForm2Case n (complementCase True ui.c Inf) ++ 
+                ui.s ! Ind n P3 ++ ui.s2 ! Ind n P3} ;
 
   relSlash : RelPron -> SentenceSlashNounPhrase -> RelClause = \joka,saat ->
     {s = \\n => joka.s ! n ! saat.c ++ saat.s2 ++ saat.s} ;
@@ -754,7 +804,7 @@ oper
 
   questVerbPhrase : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Question = \jussi,ui ->
     let {np = Ind jussi.n (np2Person jussi.p)} in
-    ss (ui.s ! np ++ koPart ++ jussi.s ! NPCase Nom ++ ui.s2 ! np) ;
+    ss (ui.s ! np ++ koPart ++ jussi.s ! complementCase True ui.c Inf ++ ui.s2 ! np);
 
 
 --3 Wh-questions
@@ -947,6 +997,10 @@ oper
   subjunctVariants : Subjunction -> Str -> Str -> Str = \if,A,B ->
     variants {if.s ++ A ++ commaPunct ++ B ; B ++ commaPunct ++ if.s ++ A} ;
 
+  subjunctVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase -> Subjunction -> Sentence -> VerbPhrase =
+    \V, if, A -> 
+    adVerbPhrase V (ss (if.s ++ A.s)) ;
+
 --2 One-word utterances
 -- 
 -- An utterance can consist of one phrase of almost any category, 

grammars/resource/finnish/TestFin.gf

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 -- use this path to read the grammar from the same directory
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
 
-concrete TestFin of TestAbs = ResFin ** open Prelude, Syntax in {
+concrete TestFin of TestAbs = ResFin ** open Prelude, SyntaxFin in {
 
 flags startcat=Phr ; lexer=text ; parser=chart ; unlexer=text ;
 
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ lin
   Small = regAdjDegr (sSusi "pieni" "pienen" "pienenä") "pienempää" "pienintä" ;
   Old = regAdjDegr (sKukko "vanha" "vanhan" "vanhoja") "vanhempaa" "vanhinta" ;
   Young = regAdjDegr (sSusi "nuori" "nuoren" "nuorena") "nuorempaa" "nuorinta" ;
+  American = sNainen "amerikkalaista" ;
+  Finnish = sNainen "suomalaista" ;
+
+  Married = sKukko "vihitty" "vihityn" "vihittyjä" ** {c = NPCase Illat} ; 
+            --- naimisissa !
 
   Man = cnHum (mkNoun "mies" "miehen" "miehenä" "miestä" "mieheen" "miehinä" 
                 "miehissä" "miesten" "miehiä" "miehiin") ;
@@ -27,9 +32,15 @@ lin
   Send = mkTransVerbDir (vOttaa "lähettää" "lähetän") ;
   Love = mkTransVerbCase (vPoistaa "rakastaa") Part ;
   Wait = mkTransVerbCase (vOttaa "odottaa" "odotan") Part ;
+  Give = mkTransVerbDir (vOttaa "antaa" "annan") ** 
+         {s5 = [] ; s6 = [] ; c2 = CCase Allat} ;
+  Prefer = mkTransVerbDir (vOttaa "asettaa" "asetan") ** 
+           {s5 = [] ; s6 = "edelle" ; c2 = CCase Gen} ; --- pitää paremp(a/i)na
 
   Mother = funGen (n2n (cnHum (sKukko "äiti" "äidin" "äitejä"))) ;
   Uncle = funGen (n2n (cnHum (sKukko "setä" "sedän" "setiä"))) ; --- eno!
+  Connection = n2n (cnNoHum (sRakkaus "yhteys")) **
+               {c = NPCase Elat ; c2 = NPCase Illat} ; --- Tampereelle !
 
   Always = ss "aina" ;
   Well = ss "hyvin" ;

grammars/resource/finnish/TypesFin.gf

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 --
 -- We use the language-independent prelude.
 
-resource Types = open Prelude in {
+resource TypesFin = open Prelude in {
 
 --
 --2 Enumerated parameter types 
@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ oper
 --3 Verbs
 --
 -- We limit the grammar so far to verbs in the infinitive, second-person 
--- imperative, and present tense indicative. A special form is needed for
+-- imperative, and present tense indicative active and passive. 
+-- A special form is needed for
 -- the negated plural imperative.
 
 param
@@ -82,7 +83,9 @@ param
      Inf
    | Ind Number Person
    | Imper Number
-   | ImpNegPl ;
+   | ImpNegPl
+   | Pass Bool 
+   ;
 
 oper
   Verb : Type = SS1 VForm ;
@@ -90,10 +93,10 @@ oper
   vFormNeg = Imper Sg ;
 
   vform2number : VForm -> Number = \v -> case v of {
-    Inf => Sg ;
     Ind n _ => n ;
     Imper n => n ;
-    ImpNegPl => Pl
+    ImpNegPl => Pl ;
+    _ => Sg ---
     } ;
 
 --