interlingua in resource-1.4

lib/resource-1.4/interlingua/ParadigmsIna.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common
+
+--1 Interlingua Lexical Paradigms
+--
+-- Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
+-- JP Bernardy 2007
+--
+-- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar 
+-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
+-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+-- 
+-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
+--
+-- The main difference with $MorphoIna.gf$ is that the types
+-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
+-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
+-- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
+--
+-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
+-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
+-- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
+-- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
+-- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
+-- separate module [``IrregIna`` ../../english/IrregIna.gf], 
+-- which covers irregular verbss.
+
+resource ParadigmsIna = open 
+  (Predef=Predef), 
+  Prelude, 
+  MorphoIna,
+  CatIna
+  in {
+--2 Parameters 
+--
+-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+
+oper
+--  Gender : Type ; 
+-- There is no grammatical gender in interlingua.
+
+---- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+--
+--  Number : Type ; 
+--
+--  singular : Number ;
+--  plural   : Number ;
+
+-- To abstract over case names, we define the following.
+
+  nominative : Case ;
+  accusative : Case ;
+  genitive   : Case ;
+  dative     : Case ;
+  ablative   : Case ;
+
+
+-- Prepositions are used in many-argument functions for rection.
+-- The resource category $Prep$ is used.
+
+
+
+--2 Nouns
+--
+
+-- All nouns are regular, so one should use $regN$ to construct them.
+
+--3 Relational nouns 
+-- 
+-- Relational nouns ("daughter of x") need a preposition. 
+
+-- The most common preposition is "of", and the following is a
+-- shortcut for regular relational nouns with "of".
+
+  regN2 : Str -> N2 ;
+
+--2 Adjectives
+
+-- All adjectives are regular, so on should use $regA$ to construct them.
+
+--3 Two-place adjectives
+
+-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
+
+  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
+
+
+--2 Adverbs
+
+-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
+-- after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. "always").
+
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+  mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
+
+-- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
+
+  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
+
+--2 Prepositions
+--
+-- A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
+-- build $PP$s in the resource API, just requires a string and an expected case.
+
+  mkPrep : Str -> Case -> Prep ;
+  noPrep : Prep ;
+
+--2 Verbs
+--
+-- Regular verbs should be constructed with $regV$. The 3 irregular verbs
+-- esser, haber and vader are available separately.
+
+
+---- Reflexive verbs.
+---- By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
+--
+  reflV  : V -> V ;
+  reflV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; isRefl = True} ;
+
+
+--3 2 and many-place verbs
+
+
+-- I decided to provide the following combinators for forming verbs with
+-- complex grammar rules:
+
+  prepV2 : Prep  -> V -> V2 ;
+  prepV3 : Prep -> V2 -> V3 ;
+  dirV2  : V -> V2 ;
+
+
+  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+  mkVS  : V -> VS ;
+--  mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
+--  mkVV  : V -> VV ;
+  mkV2V : Prep -> Prep -> V -> V2V ;
+  mkVA  : V -> VA ;
+  mkV2A : Prep -> Prep -> V -> V2A ;
+  mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
+  mkV2Q : Prep -> V -> V2Q ;
+  
+  mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+--  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
+  mkAV  : A -> AV ;
+  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ;
+--
+---- Notice: categories $V2S, V2V, V2Q$ are in v 1.0 treated
+---- just as synonyms of $V2$, and the second argument is given
+---- as an adverb. Likewise $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
+---- $V0$ is just $V$.
+--
+  V0, V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type ;
+  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
+--
+----.
+----2 Definitions of paradigms
+----
+---- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+---- hidden from the document.
+  nominative = Nom ;
+  accusative = Acc ;
+  genitive = Gen ;
+  dative = Dat ;
+  ablative = Abl ;
+
+  regN s = nounReg s ** {lock_N = <>};
+
+  compN : N -> Str -> N;
+  compN n s = {s = \\x => n.s ! x ++ s; lock_N = <>} ;
+
+
+  prepN2 : Prep -> N -> N2;
+  prepN3 : Prep -> N2 -> N3;  
+  prepN2 = \p,n -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; p2 = p.s; c2 = p.c} ;
+  prepN3 = \p,n -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; p3 = p.s; c3 = p.c} ;
+  regN2 n = prepN2 (mkPrep [] genitive) (regN n) ** {lock_N2 = <>};
+
+----3 Relational common noun phrases
+----
+---- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
+---- relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of").
+--
+--  cnN2 : CN -> Prep -> N2 ;
+--  cnN3 : CN -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+--
+---- This is obsolete.
+--  cnN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ;
+--  cnN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ;
+--
+  regPN n = regGenPN n;
+  regGenPN n = {s = n; lock_PN = <>} ;
+--  nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ;
+--
+--  mk2A a b = mkAdjective a a a b ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+  regA a = regAdjective a ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+
+  mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = casePrep p.s p.c ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+
+
+
+  mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
+  mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
+  mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
+
+  mkPrep p c = ss p ** {c = c; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+  noPrep = mkPrep [] accusative ;
+
+
+  -- Verb-formation combinators.
+    regV : Str -> V;
+    regV s = mkVerb s ** {lock_V = <>};
+
+    prepV2 p v = v ** {c2 = p.c; p2 = p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+    prepV3 p v = v ** {c3 = p.c; p3 = p.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
+    dirV2 = prepV2 noPrep ;
+
+    mkVS  v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
+--  mkVV  v = {
+--    s = table {VVF vf => v.s ! vf ; _ => variants {}} ; 
+--    isAux = False ; lock_VV = <>
+--    } ;
+    mkVQ  v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
+  
+    V0 : Type = V ;
+    V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type = V2 ;
+    AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ;
+    A2V : Type = A2 ;
+--
+    mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+--  mkV2S v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2 = <>} ;
+    mkV2V p t v = prepV2 p v ** {s4 = t ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+    mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
+    mkV2A p2 p3 v = (prepV3 p3 (prepV2 p2 v)) ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
+    mkV2Q p v = prepV2 p v ** {lock_V2 = <>} ;
+    mkAS  v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+--  mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+    mkAV  v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+    mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2 = <>} ;
+
+
+-- pre-overload API and overload definitions
+    regN : Str -> N ;
+--  mk2N : (man,men : Str) -> N ;
+--  genderN : Gender -> N -> N ;
+--  compN : Str -> N -> N ;
+--
+--
+--
+--  mk2A : (free,freely : Str) -> A ;
+    regA : Str -> A ;
+--
+--  mkA = overload {
+--    mkA : Str -> A = regA ;
+--    mkA : (fat,fatter : Str) -> A = \fat,fatter -> 
+--      mkAdjective fat fatter (init fatter + "st") (fat + "ly") ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+--    mkA : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> A = \a,b,c,d ->
+--      mkAdjective a b c d  ** {lock_A = <>}
+--    } ;
+--
+--  compoundA = compoundADeg ;
+--
+--
+--  mk5V : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V ;
+--  regV : (cry : Str) -> V ;
+--  reg2V : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V;
+--  irregV : (drink, drank, drunk  : Str) -> V ;
+--  irreg4V : (run, ran, run, running  : Str) -> V ;
+--
+--  -- Use reg2V instead
+--  regDuplV : Str -> V ;
+--  -- Use irreg4V instead
+--  irregDuplV : (get,   got,   gotten : Str) -> V ;
+--
+
+
+------ obsolete
+--
+---- Comparison adjectives may two more forms. 
+--
+--  ADeg : Type ;
+--
+--  mkADeg : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> ADeg ;
+--
+---- The regular pattern recognizes two common variations: 
+---- "-e" ("rude" - "ruder" - "rudest") and
+---- "-y" ("happy - happier - happiest - happily")
+--
+--  regADeg : Str -> ADeg ;      -- long, longer, longest
+--
+---- However, the duplication of the final consonant is nor predicted,
+---- but a separate pattern is used:
+--
+--  duplADeg : Str -> ADeg ;      -- fat, fatter, fattest
+--
+---- If comparison is formed by "more", "most", as in general for
+---- long adjective, the following pattern is used:
+--
+--  compoundADeg : A -> ADeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
+--
+---- From a given $ADeg$, it is possible to get back to $A$.
+--
+--  adegA : ADeg -> A ;
+--
+--
+  regPN    : Str -> PN ;          
+  regGenPN : Str -> PN ;     -- John, John's
+--
+---- Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. "Bank".
+--
+--  nounPN : N -> PN ;
+
+
+
+} ;