GF Resource Grammar Library: Synopsis

Aarne Ranta

Categories
Syntax Rules
Structural Words
Paradigms for Danish
Paradigms for English
Paradigms for Finnish
Paradigms for French
Paradigms for German
Paradigms for Italian
Paradigms for Norwegian
Paradigms for Russian
Paradigms for Spanish
Paradigms for Swedish
Browsing the libraries with GF commands
An Example of Usage

This document contains the most important parts of the GF Resource Grammar API. It has been machine-generated from the source files; each chapter gives a link to the relevant source files, which give more information. Some of the files have not yet been prepared so that the machine generated documentation has the right format.

Since the character encoding is UTF-8 for Russian and Latin-1 for other languages, you may have to change the encoding preference of your browser when reading different parts of the document.

The second-last chapter gives instructions on how to "browse" the library by loading the grammars into the gf command editor.

The last chapter contains a brief example of how application grammars can import resource modules. At the same time, it illustrates a "design pattern" for using the resource API to build functor-based applications

Category	Explanation	Example
`Text`	text consisting of several phrases	"He is here. Why?"
`Phr`	phrase in a text	"but be quiet please"
`Utt`	sentence, question, word...	"be quiet"
`Voc`	vocative or "please"	"my darling"
`PConj`	phrase-beginning conj.	"therefore"
`SC`	embedded sentence or question	"that it rains"
`Adv`	verb-phrase-modifying adverb,	"in the house"
`AdV`	adverb directly attached to verb	"always"
`AdA`	adjective-modifying adverb,	"very"
`AdN`	numeral-modifying adverb,	"more than"
`IAdv`	interrogative adverb	"why"
`CAdv`	comparative adverb	"more"
`Tense`	tense	present, past, future
`Pol`	polarity	positive, negative
`Ant`	anteriority	simultaneous, anterior
`S`	declarative sentence	"she lived here"
`QS`	question	"where did she live"
`RS`	relative	"in which she lived"
`Cl`	declarative clause, with all tenses	"she looks at this"
`Slash`	clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG)	"she looks at"
`Imp`	imperative	"look at this"
`QCl`	question clause, with all tenses	"why does she walk"
`IP`	interrogative pronoun	"who"
`IComp`	interrogative complement of copula	"where"
`IDet`	interrogative determiner	"which"
`RCl`	relative clause, with all tenses	"in which she lives"
`RP`	relative pronoun	"in which"
`VP`	verb phrase	"is very warm"
`Comp`	complement of copula, such as AP	"very warm"
`AP`	adjectival phrase	"very warm"
`CN`	common noun (without determiner)	"red house"
`NP`	noun phrase (subject or object)	"the red house"
`Pron`	personal pronoun	"she"
`Det`	determiner phrase	"those seven"
`Predet`	predeterminer (prefixed Quant)	"all"
`Quant`	quantifier with both sg and pl	"this/these"
`Num`	cardinal number (used with QuantPl)	"seven"
`Ord`	ordinal number (used in Det)	"seventh"
`Conj`	conjunction,	"and"
`DConj`	distributed conj.	"both - and"
`Subj`	subjunction,	"if"
`Prep`	preposition, or just case	"in"
`V`	one-place verb	"sleep"
`V2`	two-place verb	"love"
`V3`	three-place verb	"show"
`VV`	verb-phrase-complement verb	"want"
`VS`	sentence-complement verb	"claim"
`VQ`	question-complement verb	"ask"
`VA`	adjective-complement verb	"look"
`V2A`	verb with NP and AP complement	"paint"
`A`	one-place adjective	"warm"
`A2`	two-place adjective	"divisible"
`N`	common noun	"house"
`N2`	relational noun	"son"
`N3`	three-place relational noun	"connection"
`PN`	proper name	"Paris"

Syntax Rules

Source: http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/api/Constructors.gf

Function	Type	Example
`mkText`	`Phr -> Text`	But John walks.
`mkText`	`Phr -> (Punct) -> (Text) -> Text`	John walks? Yes.
`mkText`	`Utt -> Text`	John.
`mkText`	`S -> Text`	John walked.
`mkText`	`Cl -> Text`	John walks.
`mkText`	`QS -> Text`	Did John walk?
`mkText`	`Imp -> Text`	Walk!
`emptyText`	`Text`	(empty text)
`fullStopPunct`	`Punct`	.
`questMarkPunct`	`Punct`	?
`exclMarkPunct`	`Punct`	!
`mkPhr`	`Utt -> Phr`	why
`mkPhr`	`(PConj) -> Utt -> (Voc) -> Phr`	but why John
`mkPhr`	`S -> Phr`	John walked
`mkPhr`	`Cl -> Phr`	John walks
`mkPhr`	`QS -> Phr`	did John walk
`mkPhr`	`Imp -> Phr`	walk
`mkPConj`	`Conj -> PConj`	and
`mkVoc`	`NP -> Voc`	John
`mkUtt`	`S -> Utt`	John walked
`mkUtt`	`Cl -> Utt`	John walks
`mkUtt`	`QS -> Utt`	did John walk
`mkUtt`	`Imp -> Utt`	love yourself
`mkUtt`	`(ImpForm) -> (Pol) -> Imp -> Utt`	don't love yourselves
`mkUtt`	`IP -> Utt`	who
`mkUtt`	`IAdv -> Utt`	why
`mkUtt`	`NP -> Utt`	John
`mkUtt`	`Adv -> Utt`	here
`mkUtt`	`VP -> Utt`	to walk
`lets_Utt`	`VP -> Utt`	let's walk
`positivePol`	`Pol`	(John walks) [default]
`negativePol`	`Pol`	(John doesn't walk)
`simultaneousAnt`	`Ant`	(John walks) [default]
`anteriorAnt`	`Ant`	(John has walked) --# notpresent
`presentTense`	`Tense`	(John walks) [default]
`pastTense`	`Tense`	(John walked) --# notpresent
`futureTense`	`Tense`	(John will walk) --# notpresent
`conditionalTense`	`Tense`	(John would walk) --# notpresent
`singularImpForm`	`ImpForm`	(help yourself) [default]
`pluralImpForm`	`ImpForm`	(help yourselves)
`politeImpForm`	`ImpForm`	(help yourself) (polite singular)
`mkS`	`Cl -> S`	John walks
`mkS`	`(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> Cl -> S`	John wouldn't have walked
`mkS`	`Conj -> S -> S -> S`	John walks and I run
`mkS`	`Conj -> ListS -> S`	John walks, I run and you sleep
`mkS`	`DConj -> S -> S -> S`	either John walk or I run
`mkS`	`DConj -> ListS -> S`	either John walks, I run or you sleep
`mkS`	`Adv -> S -> S`	today, John walks
`mkCl`	`NP -> V -> Cl`	John walks
`mkCl`	`NP -> V2 -> NP -> Cl`	John loves her
`mkCl`	`NP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> Cl`	John sends it to her
`mkCl`	`NP -> VV -> VP -> Cl`	John wants to walk
`mkCl`	`NP -> VS -> S -> Cl`	John says that it is good
`mkCl`	`NP -> VQ -> QS -> Cl`	John wonders if it is good
`mkCl`	`NP -> VA -> AP -> Cl`	John becomes old
`mkCl`	`NP -> V2A ->NP -> AP -> Cl`	John paints it red
`mkCl`	`NP -> A -> Cl`	John is old
`mkCl`	`NP -> A -> NP -> Cl`	John is older than her
`mkCl`	`NP -> A2 -> NP -> Cl`	John is married to her
`mkCl`	`NP -> AP -> Cl`	John is very old
`mkCl`	`NP -> N -> Cl`	John is a man
`mkCl`	`NP -> CN -> Cl`	John is an old man
`mkCl`	`NP -> NP -> Cl`	John is the man
`mkCl`	`NP -> Adv -> Cl`	John is here
`mkCl`	`NP -> VP -> Cl`	John walks here
`mkCl`	`V -> Cl`	it rains
`mkCl`	`VP -> Cl`	it is raining
`mkCl`	`N -> Cl`	there is a house
`mkCl`	`CN -> Cl`	there is an old houses
`mkCl`	`NP -> Cl`	there are five houses
`mkCl`	`NP -> RS -> Cl`	it is John that walks
`mkCl`	`Adv -> S -> Cl`	it is here John walks
`genericCl`	`VP -> Cl`	one walks
`mkVP`	`V -> VP`	walk
`mkVP`	`V2 -> NP -> VP`	love her
`mkVP`	`V3 -> NP -> NP -> VP`	send it to her
`mkVP`	`VV -> VP -> VP`	want to walk
`mkVP`	`VS -> S -> VP`	know that she walks
`mkVP`	`VQ -> QS -> VP`	ask if she walks
`mkVP`	`VA -> AP -> VP`	become old
`mkVP`	`V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP`	paint it red
`mkVP`	`A -> VP`	be warm
`mkVP`	`AP -> VP`	be very warm
`mkVP`	`A -> NP -> VP`	be older than her
`mkVP`	`A2 -> NP -> VP`	be married to her
`mkVP`	`N -> VP`	be a man
`mkVP`	`CN -> VP`	be an old man
`mkVP`	`NP -> VP`	be the man
`mkVP`	`Adv -> VP`	be here
`mkVP`	`VP -> Adv -> VP`	sleep here
`mkVP`	`AdV -> VP -> VP`	always sleep
`reflexiveVP`	`V2 -> VP`	love itself
`passiveVP`	`V2 -> VP`	be loved
`passiveVP`	`V2 -> NP -> VP`	be loved by her
`progressiveVP`	`VP -> VP`	be sleeping
`mkImp`	`V -> Imp`	go
`mkImp`	`V2 -> NP -> Imp`	take it
`mkImp`	`VP -> Imp`	go there now
`mkNP`	`Det -> N -> NP`	the first man
`mkNP`	`Det -> CN -> NP`	the first old man
`mkNP`	`QuantSg -> N -> NP`	this man
`mkNP`	`QuantSg -> CN -> NP`	this old man
`mkNP`	`QuantPl -> N -> NP`	these men
`mkNP`	`QuantPl -> CN -> NP`	these old men
`mkNP`	`Numeral -> N -> NP`	twenty men
`mkNP`	`Numeral -> CN -> NP`	twenty old men
`mkNP`	`Int -> N -> NP`	45 men
`mkNP`	`Int -> CN -> NP`	45 old men
`mkNP`	`Num -> N -> NP`	almost twenty men
`mkNP`	`Num -> CN -> NP`	almost twenty old men
`mkNP`	`Pron -> N -> NP`	my man
`mkNP`	`Pron -> CN -> NP;`	my old man
`mkNP`	`PN -> NP`	John
`mkNP`	`Pron -> NP`	he
`mkNP`	`Predet -> NP -> NP`	only John
`mkNP`	`NP -> V2 -> NP`	John killed
`mkNP`	`NP -> Adv -> NP`	John in Paris
`mkNP`	`Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP`	John and I
`mkNP`	`Conj -> ListNP -> NP`	John, I, and that
`mkNP`	`DConj -> NP -> NP -> NP`	either John or I
`mkNP`	`DConj -> ListNP -> NP`	either John, I, or that
`mkDet`	`QuantSg -> Det`	this
`mkDet`	`QuantSg -> (Ord) -> Det`	this first
`mkDet`	`QuantPl -> Det`	these
`mkDet`	`QuantPl -> (Num) -> (Ord) -> Det`	these five best
`mkDet`	`Quant -> Det`	this
`mkDet`	`Quant -> Num -> Det`	these five
`mkDet`	`Num -> Det`	almost twenty
`mkDet`	`Numeral -> Det`	five
`mkDet`	`Int -> Det`	51
`mkDet`	`Pron -> Det`	my
`defSgDet`	`Det`	the (house)
`defPlDet`	`Det`	the (houses)
`indefSgDet`	`Det`	a (house)
`indefPlDet`	`Det`	(houses)
`defQuant`	`Quant`	the
`indefQuant`	`Quant`	a
`mkQuantSg`	`Quant -> QuantSg`	this
`massQuant`	`QuantSg`	(mass terms)
`mkQuantPl`	`Quant -> QuantPl`	these
`mkNum`	`Numeral -> Num`	twenty
`mkNum`	`Int -> Num`	51
`mkNum`	`AdN -> Num -> Num`	almost ten
`mkOrd`	`Numeral -> Ord`	twentieth
`mkOrd`	`Int -> Ord`	51st
`mkOrd`	`A -> Ord`	best
`mkAdN`	`CAdv -> AdN`	more than
`n1_Numeral`	`Numeral`	one
`n2_Numeral`	`Numeral`	two
`n3_Numeral`	`Numeral`	three
`n4_Numeral`	`Numeral`	four
`n5_Numeral`	`Numeral`	five
`n6_Numeral`	`Numeral`	six
`n7_Numeral`	`Numeral`	seven
`n8_Numeral`	`Numeral`	eight
`n9_Numeral`	`Numeral`	nine
`n10_Numeral`	`Numeral`	ten
`n20_Numeral`	`Numeral`	twenty
`n100_Numeral`	`Numeral`	hundred
`n1000_Numeral`	`Numeral`	thousand
`mkCN`	`N -> CN`	house
`mkCN`	`N2 -> NP -> CN`	mother of John
`mkCN`	`N3 -> NP -> NP -> CN`	distance from this city to Paris
`mkCN`	`N2 -> CN`	son
`mkCN`	`N3 -> CN`	flight
`mkCN`	`A -> N -> CN`	big house
`mkCN`	`A -> CN -> CN`	big blue house
`mkCN`	`AP -> N -> CN`	very big house
`mkCN`	`AP -> CN -> CN`	very big blue house
`mkCN`	`N -> RS -> CN`	house that John loves
`mkCN`	`CN -> RS -> CN`	big house that John loves
`mkCN`	`N -> Adv -> CN`	house in the city
`mkCN`	`CN -> Adv -> CN`	big house in the city
`mkCN`	`CN -> S -> CN`	rule that John walks
`mkCN`	`CN -> QS -> CN`	question if John walks
`mkCN`	`CN -> VP -> CN`	reason to walk
`mkCN`	`N -> NP -> CN`	king John
`mkCN`	`CN -> NP -> CN`	old king John
`mkAP`	`A -> AP`	old
`mkAP`	`A -> NP -> AP`	older than John
`mkAP`	`A2 -> NP -> AP`	married to her
`mkAP`	`A2 -> AP`	married to myself
`mkAP`	`AP -> S -> AP`	probable that John walks
`mkAP`	`AP -> QS -> AP`	uncertain if John walks
`mkAP`	`AP -> VP -> AP`	ready to go
`mkAP`	`AdA -> A -> AP`	very old
`mkAP`	`AdA -> AP -> AP`	very very old
`mkAP`	`Conj -> AP -> AP -> AP`	old and big
`mkAP`	`Conj -> ListAP -> AP`	old, big, and warm
`mkAP`	`DConj -> AP -> AP -> AP`	either old or big
`mkAP`	`DConj -> ListAP -> AP`	either old, big, or warm
`mkAdv`	`A -> Adv`	warmly
`mkAdv`	`Prep -> NP -> Adv`	with John
`mkAdv`	`Subj -> S -> Adv`	when John walks
`mkAdv`	`CAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv`	more warmly than John
`mkAdv`	`CAdv -> A -> S -> Adv`	more warmly than John walks
`mkAdv`	`AdA -> Adv -> Adv`	very warmly
`mkAdv`	`Conj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv`	here and now
`mkAdv`	`Conj -> ListAdv -> Adv`	with John, here and now
`mkAdv`	`DConj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv`	either here or now
`mkAdv`	`DConj -> ListAdv -> Adv`	either here, now, or with John
`mkQS`	`QCl -> QS`	who walks
`mkQS`	`(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> QCl -> QS`	who wouldn't have walked
`mkQS`	`Cl -> QS`	does John walk
`mkQCl`	`Cl -> QCl`	does John walk
`mkQCl`	`IP -> VP -> QCl`	who walks
`mkQCl`	`IP -> NP -> V2 -> QCl`	whom does John love
`mkQCl`	`IP -> Slash -> QCl`	whom does John love today
`mkQCl`	`IAdv -> Cl -> QCl`	why does John walk
`mkQCl`	`Prep -> IP -> Cl -> QCl`	with who does John walk
`mkQCl`	`IAdv -> NP -> QCl`	where is John
`mkQCl`	`IP -> QCl`	what is there
`mkIP`	`IDet -> N -> IP`	which city
`mkIP`	`IDet -> (Num) -> (Ord) -> CN -> IP`	which five best cities
`mkIP`	`IP -> Adv -> IP`	who in Paris
`mkIAdv`	`Prep -> IP -> IAdv`	in which city
`mkRS`	`RCl -> RS`	that walk
`mkRS`	`(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> RCl -> RS`	that wouldn't have walked
`mkRCl`	`RP -> VP -> RCl`	that walk
`mkRCl`	`RP -> NP -> V2 -> RCl`	which John loves
`mkRCl`	`RP -> Slash -> RCl`	which John loves today
`mkRCl`	`Cl -> RCl`	such that John loves her
`which_RP`	`RP`	which
`mkRP`	`Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP`	all the houses in which
`mkSlash`	`NP -> V2 -> Slash`	(whom) John loves
`mkSlash`	`NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash`	(whom) John wants to see
`mkSlash`	`Cl -> Prep -> Slash`	(with whom) John walks
`mkSlash`	`Slash -> Adv -> Slash`	(whom) John loves today
`mkListS`	`S -> S -> ListS`	he walks, I run
`mkListS`	`S -> ListS -> ListS`	John walks, I run, you sleep
`mkListAdv`	`Adv -> Adv -> ListAdv`	here, now
`mkListAdv`	`Adv -> ListAdv -> ListAdv`	to me, here, now
`mkListAP`	`AP -> AP -> ListAP`	old, big
`mkListAP`	`AP -> ListAP -> ListAP`	old, big, warm
`mkListNP`	`NP -> NP -> ListNP`	John, I
`mkListNP`	`NP -> ListNP -> ListNP`	John, I, that

Structural Words

Source: http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/abstract/Structural.gf

Function	Type	Example
`above_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`after_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`all_Predet`	`Predet`	-
`almost_AdA`	`AdA`	-
`almost_AdN`	`AdN`	-
`although_Subj`	`Subj`	-
`always_AdV`	`AdV`	-
`and_Conj`	`Conj`	-
`because_Subj`	`Subj`	-
`before_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`behind_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`between_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`both7and_DConj`	`DConj`	-
`but_PConj`	`PConj`	-
`by8agent_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`by8means_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`can8know_VV`	`VV`	-
`can_VV`	`VV`	-
`during_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`either7or_DConj`	`DConj`	-
`every_Det`	`Det`	-
`everybody_NP`	`NP`	-
`everything_NP`	`NP`	-
`everywhere_Adv`	`Adv`	-
`first_Ord`	`Ord`	-
`few_Det`	`Det`	-
`for_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`from_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`he_Pron`	`Pron`	-
`here_Adv`	`Adv`	-
`here7to_Adv`	`Adv`	-
`here7from_Adv`	`Adv`	-
`how_IAdv`	`IAdv`	-
`how8many_IDet`	`IDet`	-
`i_Pron`	`Pron`	-
`if_Subj`	`Subj`	-
`in8front_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`in_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`it_Pron`	`Pron`	-
`less_CAdv`	`CAdv`	-
`many_Det`	`Det`	-
`more_CAdv`	`CAdv`	-
`most_Predet`	`Predet`	-
`much_Det`	`Det`	-
`must_VV`	`VV`	-
`no_Phr`	`Phr`	-
`on_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`one_Quant`	`QuantSg`	-
`only_Predet`	`Predet`	-
`or_Conj`	`Conj`	-
`otherwise_PConj`	`PConj`	-
`part_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`please_Voc`	`Voc`	-
`possess_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`quite_Adv`	`AdA`	-
`she_Pron`	`Pron`	-
`so_AdA`	`AdA`	-
`someSg_Det`	`Det`	-
`somePl_Det`	`Det`	-
`somebody_NP`	`NP`	-
`something_NP`	`NP`	-
`somewhere_Adv`	`Adv`	-
`that_Quant`	`Quant`	-
`that_NP`	`NP`	-
`there_Adv`	`Adv`	-
`there7to_Adv`	`Adv`	-
`there7from_Adv`	`Adv`	-
`therefore_PConj`	`PConj`	-
`these_NP`	`NP`	-
`they_Pron`	`Pron`	-
`this_Quant`	`Quant`	-
`this_NP`	`NP`	-
`those_NP`	`NP`	-
`through_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`to_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`too_AdA`	`AdA`	-
`under_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`very_AdA`	`AdA`	-
`want_VV`	`VV`	-
`we_Pron`	`Pron`	-
`whatPl_IP`	`IP`	-
`whatSg_IP`	`IP`	-
`when_IAdv`	`IAdv`	-
`when_Subj`	`Subj`	-
`where_IAdv`	`IAdv`	-
`whichPl_IDet`	`IDet`	-
`whichSg_IDet`	`IDet`	-
`whoPl_IP`	`IP`	-
`whoSg_IP`	`IP`	-
`why_IAdv`	`IAdv`	-
`with_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`without_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`yes_Phr`	`Phr`	-
`youSg_Pron`	`Pron`	-
`youPl_Pron`	`Pron`	-
`youPol_Pron`	`Pron`	-

Paradigms for Danish

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`utrum`	`Gender`	-
`neutrum`	`Gender`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`Case`	`Type`	-
`nominative`	`Case`	-
`genitive`	`Case`	-
`mkPrep`	`Str -> Prep`	-
`noPrep`	`Prep`	empty string
`mkN`	`(bil : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(hus : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(bil,bilen : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`regN2`	`Str -> Gender -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	utrum
`mkPN`	`Str -> Gender -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`N -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`(fin : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(fin,fint : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`A -> A`	-/mer/mest norsk
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	-
`mkAdV`	`Str -> AdV`	-
`mkAdA`	`Str -> AdA`	-
`mkV`	`(snakke : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(leve,levde : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`V -> Str -> V`	-
`vaereV`	`V -> V`	-
`depV`	`V -> V`	-
`reflV`	`V -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`Str -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	snakke, med, om
`dirV3`	`V -> Prep -> V3`	give,_,til
`dirdirV3`	`V -> V3`	give,_,_
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	-
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Paradigms for English

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/english/ParadigmsEng.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`human`	`Gender`	-
`nonhuman`	`Gender`	-
`masculine`	`Gender`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`Case`	`Type`	-
`nominative`	`Case`	-
`genitive`	`Case`	-
`mkN`	`(flash : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(man,men : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`Str -> N -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`regN2`	`Str -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`N -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`(happy : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(fat,fatter : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(good,better,best,well : Str) -> A`	-
`compoundA`	`A -> A`	-/more/most ridiculous
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	-
`mkAdV`	`Str -> AdV`	-
`mkAdA`	`Str -> AdA`	-
`mkPrep`	`Str -> Prep`	-
`noPrep`	`Prep`	-
`mkV`	`(cry : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(stop, stopped : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(run, ran, run, running : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V`	-
`partV`	`V -> Str -> V`	-
`reflV`	`V -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2`	believe in
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	kill
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	speak, with, about
`dirV3`	`V -> Prep -> V3`	give,_,to
`dirdirV3`	`V -> V3`	give,_,_
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	-
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Paradigms for Finnish

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/finnish/ParadigmsFin.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`Case`	`Type`	-
`nominative`	`Case`	-
`genitive`	`Case`	-
`partitive`	`Case`	-
`translative`	`Case`	-
`inessive`	`Case`	-
`elative`	`Case`	-
`illative`	`Case`	-
`adessive`	`Case`	-
`ablative`	`Case`	-
`allative`	`Case`	-
`prePrep`	`Case -> Str -> Prep`	ilman, partitive
`postPrep`	`Case -> Str -> Prep`	takana, genitive
`postGenPrep`	`Str -> Prep`	takana
`casePrep`	`Case -> Prep`	adessive
`mkN`	`(talo : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(savi,savia : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(vesi,veden,vesi� : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(olo,oln,olona,oloa,oloon,oloina,oloissa,olojen,oloja,oloihin : Str) -> N`	-
`sgpartN`	`(meri : N) -> (merta : Str) -> N`	-
`nMeri`	`(meri : Str) -> N`	-
`nKukko`	`(kukko,kukon,kukkoja : Str) -> N`	-
`nTalo`	`(talo : Str) -> N`	-
`nLukko`	`(lukko : Str) -> N`	-
`nArpi`	`(arpi : Str) -> N`	-
`nSylki`	`(sylki : Str) -> N`	-
`nLinux`	`(linuxia : Str) -> N`	-
`nPeruna`	`(peruna : Str) -> N`	-
`nRae`	`(rae, rakeena : Str) -> N`	-
`nSusi`	`(susi,suden,sutta : Str) -> N`	-
`nPuu`	`(puu : Str) -> N`	-
`nSuo`	`(suo : Str) -> N`	-
`nNainen`	`(naista : Str) -> N`	-
`nTilaus`	`(tilaus,tilauksena : Str) -> N`	-
`nKulaus`	`(kulaus : Str) -> N`	-
`nNauris`	`(naurista : Str) -> N`	-
`compN`	`Str -> N -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> N2 = genN2`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2 = mmkN2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`N -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`Str -> A`	-
`mkA`	`N -> A`	-
`mkA`	`N -> (kivempaa,kivinta : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkV`	`(soutaa : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(soutaa,souti : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(soutaa,soudan,souti : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`V -> Case -> V`	-
`vValua`	`(valua : Str) -> V`	-
`vKattaa`	`(kattaa, katan : Str) -> V`	-
`vOstaa`	`(ostaa : Str) -> V`	-
`vNousta`	`(nousta, nousen : Str) -> V`	-
`vTuoda`	`(tuoda : Str) -> V`	-
`caseV`	`Case -> V -> V`	-
`vOlla`	`V`	-
`mkV2`	`Str -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Case -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	puhua, allative, elative
`dirV3`	`V -> Case -> V3`	siirt��, (accusative), illative
`dirdirV3`	`V -> V3`	antaa, (accusative), (allative)
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	-
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> Prep -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Paradigms for French

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/french/ParadigmsFre.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`masculine`	`Gender`	-
`feminine`	`Gender`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`accusative`	`Prep`	-
`genitive`	`Prep`	-
`dative`	`Prep`	-
`mkPrep`	`Str -> Prep`	-
`mkN`	`(cheval : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(foie : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`N -> Str -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`deN2`	`N -> N2`	-
`aN2`	`N -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> Gender -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`(cher : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(sec,seche : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`A -> A -> A`	-
`prefixA`	`A -> A`	-
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	-
`mkAdV`	`Str -> AdV`	-
`mkAdA`	`Str -> AdA`	-
`mkV`	`(finir : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`V2 -> V`	-
`etreV`	`V -> V`	-
`reflV`	`V -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2 = dirV2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2 = mmkV2`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> V3`	donner,_,_
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> V3`	placer,_,dans
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	parler, �, de
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	plain infinitive: "je veux parler"
`deVV`	`V -> VV`	"j'essaie de parler"
`aVV`	`V -> VV`	"j'arrive � parler"
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> Prep -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Paradigms for German

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/german/ParadigmsGer.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`masculine`	`Gender`	-
`feminine`	`Gender`	-
`neuter`	`Gender`	-
`Case`	`Type`	-
`nominative`	`Case`	-
`accusative`	`Case`	-
`dative`	`Case`	-
`genitive`	`Case`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`mkN`	`(Stufe : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(Bild,Bilder : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`Str -> N2`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> N2`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`(nom,gen : Str) -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`(nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`Str -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A`	gut,besser,beste
`invarA`	`Str -> A`	prima
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	-
`mkPrep`	`Str -> Case -> Prep`	-
`accPrep`	`Prep`	-
`datPrep`	`Prep`	-
`genPrep`	`Prep`	-
`von_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`zu_Prep`	`Prep`	-
`mkV`	`(f�hren : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(sehen,sieht,sah,s�he,gesehen : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(geben, gibt, gib, gab, g�be, gegeben : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`Str -> V -> V`	-
`no_geV`	`V -> V`	-
`seinV`	`V -> V`	-
`habenV`	`V -> V`	-
`reflV`	`V -> Case -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Case -> V2`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	sprechen, mit, �ber
`dirV3`	`V -> Prep -> V3`	senden,(accusative),nach
`accdatV3`	`V -> V3`	give,accusative,dative
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	-
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Paradigms for Italian

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/italian/ParadigmsIta.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`masculine`	`Gender`	-
`feminine`	`Gender`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`Prep`	`Type`	-
`accusative`	`Prep`	-
`genitive`	`Prep`	-
`dative`	`Prep`	-
`mkPrep`	`Str -> Prep`	-
`mkN`	`(cane : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(carne : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(uomo,uomini : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`N -> Str -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`Str -> N2`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> Gender -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`(bianco : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`A -> A -> A`	-
`prefixA`	`A -> A = prefA`	-
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	-
`mkAdV`	`Str -> AdV`	-
`mkAdA`	`Str -> AdA`	-
`mkV`	`Str -> V`	-
`mkV`	`Verbo -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -> V`	-
`essereV`	`V -> V`	-
`reflV`	`V -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`Str -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2`	-
`v2V`	`V2 -> V`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	parlare, a, di
`dirV3`	`V -> Prep -> V3`	dare,_,a
`dirdirV3`	`V -> V3`	dare,_,_
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	plain infinitive: "voglio parlare"
`deVV`	`V -> VV`	"cerco di parlare"
`aVV`	`V -> VV`	"arrivo a parlare"
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> Prep -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Paradigms for Norwegian

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`masculine`	`Gender`	-
`feminine`	`Gender`	-
`neutrum`	`Gender`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`Case`	`Type`	-
`nominative`	`Case`	-
`genitive`	`Case`	-
`mkPrep`	`Str -> Prep`	-
`noPrep`	`Prep`	empty string
`mkN`	`Str -> N`	-
`mkN`	`Str -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(bil,bilen : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`regN2`	`Str -> Gender -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	masculine
`mkPN`	`Str -> Gender -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`N -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`(fin : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(fin,fint : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`A -> A`	-/mer/mest norsk
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	e.g. her
`mkAdV`	`Str -> AdV`	e.g. altid
`mkAdA`	`Str -> AdA`	-
`mkV`	`(snakke : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(leve,levde : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`V -> Str -> V`	-
`vaereV`	`V -> V`	-
`depV`	`V -> V`	-
`reflV`	`V -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`Str -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	snakke, med, om
`dirV3`	`V -> Prep -> V3`	gi,_,til
`dirdirV3`	`V -> V3`	gi,_,_
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	-
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Paradigms for Russian

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`masculine`	`Gender`	-
`feminine`	`Gender`	-
`neuter`	`Gender`	-
`Case`	`Type`	-
`nominative`	`Case`	-
`genitive`	`Case`	-
`dative`	`Case`	-
`accusative`	`Case`	-
`instructive`	`Case`	-
`prepositional`	`Case`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`mkN`	`Str -> N`	-
`mkN`	`Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(nomSg,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,prepPl : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N`	-
`nMashina`	`Str -> N`	feminine, inanimate, ending with "-а", Inst -"машин-ой"
`nEdinica`	`Str -> N`	feminine, inanimate, ending with "-а", Inst -"единиц-ей"
`nZhenchina`	`Str -> N`	feminine, animate, ending with "-a"
`nNoga`	`Str -> N`	feminine, inanimate, ending with "г_к_х-a"
`nMalyariya`	`Str -> N`	feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ия"
`nTetya`	`Str -> N`	feminine, animate, ending with "-я"
`nBol`	`Str -> N`	feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ь"(soft sign)
`nObezbolivauchee`	`Str -> N`	neutral, inanimate, ending with "-ee"
`nProizvedenie`	`Str -> N`	neutral, inanimate, ending with "-e"
`nChislo`	`Str -> N`	neutral, inanimate, ending with "-o"
`nZhivotnoe`	`Str -> N`	masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ень"
`nPepel`	`Str -> N`	masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ел"- "пеп-ла"
`nMalush`	`Str -> N`	малышей
`nPotolok`	`Str -> N`	потол-ок - потол-ка
`nStomatolog`	`Str -> N`	same as above, but animate
`nAdres`	`Str -> N`	адрес-а (Nom=Acc)
`nTelefon`	`Str -> N`	телефон-ы (Nom=Acc)
`nNol`	`Str -> N`	masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ь" (soft sign)
`nUroven`	`Str -> N`	masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ень"
`mkFun`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN`	"Иван", "Маша"
`mkPN`	`N -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`Str -> A`	khaki, mini, hindi, netto
`mkA`	`Str -> Str -> A`	-
`AStaruyj`	`Str -> Str -> A`	ending with "-ый"
`AMalenkij`	`Str -> Str -> A`	ending with "-ий", Gen - "маленьк-ого"
`AKhoroshij`	`Str -> Str -> A`	ending with "-ий", Gen - "хорош-его"
`AMolodoj`	`Str -> Str -> A`	ending with "-ой",
`AKakoj_Nibud`	`Str -> Str -> Str -> A`	ending with "-ой",
`mkA2`	`A -> Str -> Case -> A2`	"делим на"
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	-
`mkV`	`Aspect -> Conjugation -> (stemPrsSgP1,endPrsSgP1,pastSgP1,imp,inf : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`Aspect -> (presSgP1,presSgP2,presSgP3,presPlP1,presPlP2,presPlP3,pastSgMasc,imp,inf: Str) -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	"видеть", "любить"
`mkV2`	`V -> Str -> Case -> V2`	"войти в дом"; "в", accusative
`tvDirDir`	`V -> V3`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3`	"сложить письмо в конверт"

Paradigms for Spanish

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`masculine`	`Gender`	-
`feminine`	`Gender`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`Prep`	`Type`	-
`accusative`	`Prep`	-
`genitive`	`Prep`	-
`dative`	`Prep`	-
`mkPrep`	`Str -> Prep`	-
`mkN`	`(luz : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`Str -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(baston,bastones : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`compN`	`N -> Str -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`deN2`	`N -> N2`	-
`aN2`	`N -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`(Anna : Str) -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`(Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`(util : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(solo,sola,solos,solas,solamiento : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(bueno : A) -> (mejor : A) -> A`	-
`prefixA`	`A -> A`	-
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	-
`mkAdV`	`Str -> AdV`	-
`mkAdA`	`Str -> AdA`	-
`mkV`	`(pagar : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`Verbum -> V`	-
`reflV`	`V -> V`	-
`special_ppV`	`V -> Str -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`Str -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2`	-
`v2V`	`V2 -> V`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	hablar, a, di
`dirV3`	`V -> Prep -> V3`	dar,(accusative),a
`dirdirV3`	`V -> V3`	dar,(dative),(accusative)
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	plain infinitive: "quiero hablar"
`deVV`	`V -> VV`	"terminar de hablar"
`aVV`	`V -> VV`	"aprender a hablar"
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> Prep -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Paradigms for Swedish

source http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/lib/resource/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf

Function	Type	Example
`Gender`	`Type`	-
`utrum`	`Gender`	-
`neutrum`	`Gender`	-
`Number`	`Type`	-
`singular`	`Number`	-
`plural`	`Number`	-
`Case`	`Type`	-
`nominative`	`Case`	-
`genitive`	`Case`	-
`mkPrep`	`Str -> Prep`	-
`noPrep`	`Prep`	empty string
`mkN`	`(apa : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(lik : Str) -> Gender -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN`	`(museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N`	-
`mkN2`	`Str -> N2`	-
`mkN2`	`N -> Prep -> N2`	-
`mkN3`	`N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`Str -> Gender -> PN`	-
`mkPN`	`(jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN`	-
`mkA`	`(billig : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(bred,brett : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A`	-
`mkA`	`(liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A`	-
`compoundA`	`A -> A`	-
`mkA2`	`A -> Prep -> A2`	-
`mkAdv`	`Str -> Adv`	h�r
`mkAdV`	`Str -> AdV`	alltid
`mkAdA`	`Str -> AdA`	-
`mkV`	`(st�mmer : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`(g�,g�r,g�,gick,g�tt,g�ngen : Str) -> V`	-
`mkV`	`V -> Str -> V`	-
`depV`	`V -> V`	-
`reflV`	`V -> V`	-
`mkV2`	`Str -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> V2`	-
`mkV2`	`V -> Prep -> V2`	-
`mkV3`	`Str -> V3`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> V3`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> V3`	-
`mkV3`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3`	-
`mkV0`	`V -> V0`	-
`mkVS`	`V -> VS`	-
`mkV2S`	`V -> Prep -> V2S`	-
`mkVV`	`V -> VV`	-
`mkV2V`	`V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V`	-
`mkVA`	`V -> VA`	-
`mkV2A`	`V -> Prep -> V2A`	-
`mkVQ`	`V -> VQ`	-
`mkV2Q`	`V -> Prep -> V2Q`	-
`mkAS`	`A -> AS`	-
`mkA2S`	`A -> Prep -> A2S`	-
`mkAV`	`A -> AV`	-
`mkA2V`	`A -> Prep -> A2V`	-

Browsing the libraries with GF commands

All of the following assume

    cd $GF_LIB_PATH

To try out inflection paradigms:

    > i -path=alltenses:prelude -retain alltenses/ParadigmsGer.gfr
    > cc mkN "Farbe"

To look for a syntax tree in the overload API by parsing:

    > i -path=alltenses:prelude alltenses/OverLangEng.gfc
    > p -cat=S -overload "this grammar is too big"

To view linearizations in all languages by parsing from English:

    > i alltenses/langs.gfcm
    > p -cat=S -lang=LangEng "this grammar is too big" | tb

An Example of Usage

The standard way of building an application has the following modules.

An abstract syntax:

    abstract Music = {    
    cat 
      Kind, 
      Property ;
    fun 
      PropKind : Kind -> Property -> Kind ; 
      Song : Kind ;
      American : Property ;
    }

A domain lexicon interface:

    interface LexMusic = open Cat in {
    oper
      song_N : N ;
      american_A : A ;
    }

A functor on Syntax and the domain lexicon interface:

    incomplete concrete MusicI of Music = open Syntax, MusicLex in {
    lincat 
      Kind = CN ;
      Property = AP ;
    lin
      PropKind k p = mkCN p k ;
      Song = mkCN song_N ;
      American = mkAP american_A ;
    }

For each language, an instance of the domain lexicon:

    instance LexMusicGer of LexMusic = CatGer ** open ParadigmsGer in {    
    oper
      song_N = mkN "Lied" "Lieder" neuter ;
      american_A = mkA "amerikanisch" ;
    }

For each language, an instantiation of the functor:

    --# -path=.:present:prelude
  
    concrete MusicGer of Music = MusicI with
      (Syntax = SyntaxGer),
      (LexMusic = LexMusicGer) ;