The GF Resource Grammar Library is the standard library for Grammatical Framework. It covers the morphology and basic syntax of currently 16 languages.
This document contains the most important parts of the GF Resource Grammar API, as needed by a GF application programmer. It has been machine-generated from the source files; there are links to the relevant source files, which give more information. Some of the files have not yet been prepared so that the machine generated documentation has the nicest possible format.
The main contents are:
gf command editor.
Many examples in Chapter 2 can be seen in multiple languages by hovering the mouse over the example, as shown in the following screenshot:
Other relevant documents:
status.html: the current status of different languages
and the authors of each grammar
Source 1: http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/abstract/Common.gf
Source 2: http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/abstract/Cat.gf
The chart below shows the categories in a hierarchical top-down order. The edges do not define the complete dependency structure; if they did, the graph would have many many more edges, and also many cycles. The precise meaning of a directed edge from C to D is: there is a constructor of C that takes D as an argument. What the constructors exactly are, and what other arguments they take, is described by separate tables for each category.
![]() |
The rectangular boxes mark open lexical categories, which have constructors
also in the Paradigms modules.
| Category | Explanation | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | one-place adjective | warm | |
| A2 | two-place adjective | divisible | |
| AP | adjectival phrase | very warm | |
| AdA | adjective-modifying adverb | very | |
| AdN | numeral-modifying adverb | more than | |
| AdV | adverb directly attached to verb | always | |
| Adv | verb-phrase-modifying adverb | in the house | |
| Ant | anteriority | simultaneous, anterior | |
| CAdv | comparative adverb | more | |
| CN | common noun (without determiner) | red house | |
| Card | cardinal number | seven | |
| Cl | declarative clause, with all tenses | she looks at this | |
| Comp | complement of copula, such as AP | very warm | |
| Conj | conjunction | and | |
| Det | determiner phrase | those seven | |
| Digits | cardinal or ordinal in digits | 1,000/1,000th | |
| IAdv | interrogative adverb | why | |
| IComp | interrogative complement of copula | where | |
| IDet | interrogative determiner | how many | |
| IP | interrogative pronoun | who | |
| Imp | imperative | look at this | |
| Interj | interjection | alas | |
| N | common noun | house | |
| N2 | relational noun | son | |
| N3 | three-place relational noun | connection | |
| NP | noun phrase (subject or object) | the red house | |
| Num | number determining element | seven | |
| Numeral | cardinal or ordinal in words | five/fifth | |
| Ord | ordinal number (used in Det) | seventh | |
| PConj | phrase-beginning conjunction | therefore | |
| PN | proper name | Paris | |
| Phr | phrase in a text | but be quiet please | |
| Pol | polarity | positive, negative | |
| Predet | predeterminer (prefixed Quant) | all | |
| Prep | preposition, or just case | in | |
| Pron | personal pronoun | she | |
| QCl | question clause, with all tenses | why does she walk | |
| QS | question | where did she live | |
| Quant | quantifier ('nucleus' of Det) | this/these | |
| RCl | relative clause, with all tenses | in which she lives | |
| RP | relative pronoun | in which | |
| RS | relative | in which she lived | |
| S | declarative sentence | she lived here | |
| SC | embedded sentence or question | that it rains | |
| Subj | subjunction | if | |
| Temp | temporal and aspectual features | past anterior | |
| Tense | tense | present, past, future | |
| Text | text consisting of several phrases | He is here. Why? | |
| Utt | sentence, question, word... | be quiet | |
| V | one-place verb | sleep | |
| V2 | two-place verb | love | |
| V2A | verb with NP and AP complement | paint | |
| V2Q | verb with NP and Q complement | ask | |
| V2S | verb with NP and S complement | tell | |
| V2V | verb with NP and V complement | cause | |
| V3 | three-place verb | show | |
| VA | adjective-complement verb | look | |
| VP | verb phrase | is very warm | |
| VPSlash | verb phrase missing complement | give to John | |
| VQ | question-complement verb | wonder | |
| VS | sentence-complement verb | claim | |
| VV | verb-phrase-complement verb | want | |
| Voc | vocative or "please" | my darling | |
Source 1: http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/api/Constructors.gf
Source 2: http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/abstract/Structural.gf
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
comparAP |
A -> AP |
warmer
|
|
mkAP |
A -> AP |
warm
|
|
mkAP |
A -> NP -> AP |
warmer than Paris
|
|
mkAP |
A2 -> NP -> AP |
married to her
|
|
mkAP |
A2 -> AP |
married
|
|
mkAP |
AP -> S -> AP |
it is good that she sleeps
|
|
mkAP |
AP -> QS -> AP |
uncertain if she sleeps | |
mkAP |
AP -> VP -> AP |
ready to go | |
mkAP |
AP -> SC -> AP |
ready to go | |
mkAP |
AdA -> A -> AP |
very old
|
|
mkAP |
AdA -> AP -> AP |
very very old
|
|
mkAP |
Conj -> AP -> AP -> AP |
old and big | |
mkAP |
Conj -> ListAP -> AP |
old, big and warm | |
mkAP |
Ord -> AP |
oldest | |
mkAP |
CAdv -> AP -> NP -> AP |
as old as she | |
reflAP |
A2 -> AP |
married to himself | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
almost_AdA |
AdA | almost | |
quite_Adv |
AdA | quite | |
so_AdA |
AdA | so | |
too_AdA |
AdA | too | |
very_AdA |
AdA | very | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
almost_AdN |
AdN | almost | |
at_least_AdN |
AdN | at | |
at_most_AdN |
AdN | at | |
mkAdN |
CAdv -> AdN |
more than | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
always_AdV |
AdV | always | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
everywhere_Adv |
Adv | everywhere | |
here7from_Adv |
Adv | from here | |
here7to_Adv |
Adv | to here | |
here_Adv |
Adv | here | |
mkAdv |
A -> Adv |
warmly
|
|
mkAdv |
Prep -> NP -> Adv |
in the house
|
|
mkAdv |
Subj -> S -> Adv |
when she sleeps
|
|
mkAdv |
CAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv |
more warmly than he
|
|
mkAdv |
CAdv -> A -> S -> Adv |
more warmly than he runs
|
|
mkAdv |
AdA -> Adv -> Adv |
very warmly
|
|
mkAdv |
Conj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv |
here and now
|
|
mkAdv |
Conj -> ListAdv -> Adv |
with her , here and now
|
|
somewhere_Adv |
Adv | somewhere | |
there7from_Adv |
Adv | from there | |
there7to_Adv |
Adv | to there | |
there_Adv |
Adv | there | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
anteriorAnt |
Ant | she has slept
|
|
simultaneousAnt |
Ant | she sleeps
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
as_CAdv |
CAdv | as | |
less_CAdv |
CAdv | less | |
more_CAdv |
CAdv | more | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkCN |
N -> CN |
house
|
|
mkCN |
N2 -> NP -> CN |
mother of the king
|
|
mkCN |
N3 -> NP -> NP -> CN |
distance from this city to Paris
|
|
mkCN |
N2 -> CN |
mother
|
|
mkCN |
N3 -> CN |
distance
|
|
mkCN |
A -> N -> CN |
big house
|
|
mkCN |
A -> CN -> CN |
big blue house
|
|
mkCN |
AP -> N -> CN |
very big house
|
|
mkCN |
AP -> CN -> CN |
very big blue house
|
|
mkCN |
N -> RS -> CN |
man whom she loves
|
|
mkCN |
CN -> RS -> CN |
old man whom she loves
|
|
mkCN |
N -> Adv -> CN |
house on the hill
|
|
mkCN |
CN -> Adv -> CN |
big house on the hill
|
|
mkCN |
CN -> S -> CN |
rule that she sleeps | |
mkCN |
CN -> QS -> CN |
question if she sleeps | |
mkCN |
CN -> VP -> CN |
reason to sleep | |
mkCN |
CN -> SC -> CN |
reason to sleep | |
mkCN |
N -> NP -> CN |
king John | |
mkCN |
CN -> NP -> CN |
old king John | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkCard |
Str -> Card |
thirty-five (given as "35") | |
mkCard |
Numeral -> Card |
twenty | |
mkCard |
Digits -> Card |
51 | |
mkCard |
AdN -> Card -> Card |
almost fifty | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
genericCl |
VP -> Cl |
one sleeps
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> V -> Cl |
she sleeps
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> V2 -> NP -> Cl |
she loves him
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> Cl |
she sends it to him
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> VV -> VP -> Cl |
she wants to sleep
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> VS -> S -> Cl |
she says that I sleep
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> VQ -> QS -> Cl |
she wonders who sleeps
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> VA -> A -> Cl |
she becomes old
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> VA -> AP -> Cl |
she becomes very old
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> V2A -> NP -> A -> Cl |
she paints it red
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> V2A -> NP -> AP -> Cl |
she paints it red
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> Cl |
she answers to him that we sleep
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> Cl |
she asks him who sleeps
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> V2V -> NP -> VP -> Cl |
she begs him to sleep
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> A -> Cl |
she is old
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> A -> NP -> Cl |
she is older than he
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> A2 -> NP -> Cl |
she is married to him
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> AP -> Cl |
she is very old
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> NP -> Cl |
she is the woman
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> N -> Cl |
she is a woman
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> CN -> Cl |
she is an old woman
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> Adv -> Cl |
she is here
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> VP -> Cl |
she always sleeps
|
|
mkCl |
N -> Cl |
there is a house
|
|
mkCl |
CN -> Cl |
there is an old house | |
mkCl |
NP -> Cl |
there are many houses
|
|
mkCl |
NP -> RS -> Cl |
it is she who sleeps
|
|
mkCl |
Adv -> S -> Cl |
it is here that she sleeps
|
|
mkCl |
V -> Cl |
it rains
|
|
mkCl |
VP -> Cl |
it is raining
|
|
mkCl |
SC -> VP -> Cl |
that she sleeps is good
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkClSlash |
NP -> VPSlash -> ClSlash |
(whom) he sees here | |
mkClSlash |
NP -> V2 -> ClSlash |
(whom) he sees | |
mkClSlash |
NP -> VV -> V2 -> ClSlash |
(whom) he wants to see | |
mkClSlash |
Cl -> Prep -> ClSlash |
(with whom) he sleeps | |
mkClSlash |
ClSlash -> Adv -> ClSlash |
(whom) he sees tomorrow | |
mkClSlash |
NP -> VS -> SSlash -> ClSlash |
(whom) she says that he loves | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkComp |
AP -> Comp |
old
|
|
mkComp |
NP -> Comp |
this man
|
|
mkComp |
Adv -> Comp |
here
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
and_Conj |
Conj | and | |
both7and_DConj |
Conj | both...and | |
either7or_DConj |
Conj | either...or | |
if_then_Conj |
Conj | if | |
or_Conj |
Conj | or | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
aPl_Det |
Det | (houses) | |
aSg_Det |
Det | a (house) | |
a_Det |
Det | a (house) | |
every_Det |
Det | every | |
few_Det |
Det | few | |
many_Det |
Det | many | |
mkDet |
Quant -> Det |
this | |
mkDet |
Quant -> Card -> Det |
these five | |
mkDet |
Quant -> Ord -> Det |
the best | |
mkDet |
Quant -> Num -> Ord -> Det |
these five best | |
mkDet |
Quant -> Num -> Det |
these five | |
mkDet |
Card -> Det |
forty | |
mkDet |
Digits -> Det |
51 | |
mkDet |
Numeral -> Det |
five | |
mkDet |
Pron -> Det |
my | |
mkDet |
Pron -> Num -> Det |
my five | |
much_Det |
Det | much | |
somePl_Det |
Det | somePl | |
someSg_Det |
Det | someSg | |
thePl_Det |
Det | the (houses) | |
theSg_Det |
Det | the (houses) | |
the_Det |
Det | the (house) | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
n0_Dig |
Dig | 0 | |
n1_Dig |
Dig | 1 | |
n2_Dig |
Dig | 2 | |
n3_Dig |
Dig | 3 | |
n4_Dig |
Dig | 4 | |
n5_Dig |
Dig | 5 | |
n6_Dig |
Dig | 6 | |
n7_Dig |
Dig | 7 | |
n8_Dig |
Dig | 8 | |
n9_Dig |
Dig | 9 | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkDigits |
Str -> Digits |
35 (from string "35") | |
mkDigits |
Dig -> Digits |
4
|
|
mkDigits |
Dig -> Digits -> Digits |
1 , 2 3 3 , 4 8 6
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
how8much_IAdv |
IAdv | how8much | |
how_IAdv |
IAdv | how | |
mkIAdv |
Prep -> IP -> IAdv |
in which city
|
|
mkIAdv |
IAdv -> Adv -> IAdv |
where in Paris
|
|
when_IAdv |
IAdv | when | |
where_IAdv |
IAdv | where | |
why_IAdv |
IAdv | why | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkIComp |
IAdv -> IComp |
where (is it) | |
mkIComp |
IP -> IComp |
who (is it) | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
how8many_IDet |
IDet | how8many | |
mkIDet |
IQuant -> Num -> IDet |
which
|
|
mkIDet |
IQuant -> IDet |
mkIDet | |
whichPl_IDet |
IDet | whichPl | |
which_IDet |
IDet | which | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkIP |
IDet -> CN -> IP |
which five big cities
|
|
mkIP |
IDet -> N -> IP |
which five cities
|
|
mkIP |
IDet -> IP |
which five
|
|
mkIP |
IQuant -> CN -> IP |
which big city
|
|
mkIP |
IQuant -> Num -> CN -> IP |
which five big cities
|
|
mkIP |
IQuant -> N -> IP |
which city
|
|
mkIP |
IP -> Adv -> IP |
who in Paris
|
|
whatPl_IP |
IP | what (plural) | |
whatSg_IP |
IP | what (singular) | |
what_IP |
IP | what
|
|
whoPl_IP |
IP | who (plural) | |
whoSg_IP |
IP | who (singular) | |
who_IP |
IP | who
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
which_IQuant |
IQuant | which | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkImp |
VP -> Imp |
come to my house
|
|
mkImp |
V -> Imp |
come
|
|
mkImp |
V2 -> NP -> Imp |
buy it
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
pluralImpForm |
ImpForm | be men
|
|
politeImpForm |
ImpForm | be a man
|
|
singularImpForm |
ImpForm | be a man
|
|
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkListAP |
AP -> AP -> ListAP |
mkListAP | |
mkListAP |
AP -> ListAP -> ListAP |
mkListAP | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkListAdv |
Adv -> Adv -> ListAdv |
mkListAdv | |
mkListAdv |
Adv -> ListAdv -> ListAdv |
mkListAdv | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkListNP |
NP -> NP -> ListNP |
mkListNP | |
mkListNP |
NP -> ListNP -> ListNP |
mkListNP | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkListRS |
RS -> RS -> ListRS |
mkListRS | |
mkListRS |
RS -> ListRS -> ListRS |
mkListRS | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkListS |
S -> S -> ListS |
mkListS | |
mkListS |
S -> ListS -> ListS |
mkListS | |
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
everybody_NP |
NP | everybody | |
everything_NP |
NP | everything | |
he_NP |
NP | he | |
i_NP |
NP | I | |
it_NP |
NP | it | |
mkNP |
Quant -> N -> NP |
this man
|
|
mkNP |
Quant -> CN -> NP |
this old man
|
|
mkNP |
Quant -> Num -> CN -> NP |
these five old men
|
|
mkNP |
Quant -> Num -> N -> NP |
these five men
|
|
mkNP |
Det -> CN -> NP |
the five old men
|
|
mkNP |
Det -> N -> NP |
the five men
|
|
mkNP |
Numeral -> CN -> NP |
fifty old men
|
|
mkNP |
Numeral -> N -> NP |
fifty men
|
|
mkNP |
Digits -> CN -> NP |
5 1 old men
|
|
mkNP |
Digits -> N -> NP |
5 1 men
|
|
mkNP |
Card -> CN -> NP |
forty-five old men | |
mkNP |
Card -> N -> NP |
forty-five men | |
mkNP |
Pron -> CN -> NP |
my old man
|
|
mkNP |
Pron -> N -> NP |
my man
|
|
mkNP |
PN -> NP |
Paris
|
|
mkNP |
Pron -> NP |
we
|
|
mkNP |
Quant -> NP |
this
|
|
mkNP |
Quant -> Num -> NP |
these five
|
|
mkNP |
Det -> NP |
the five best
|
|
mkNP |
CN -> NP |
old beer
|
|
mkNP |
N -> NP |
beer
|
|
mkNP |
Predet -> NP -> NP |
only this woman
|
|
mkNP |
NP -> V2 -> NP |
the man seen
|
|
mkNP |
NP -> Adv -> NP |
Paris today
|
|
mkNP |
NP -> RS -> NP |
John , who walks
|
|
mkNP |
Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP |
mkNP | |
mkNP |
Conj -> ListNP -> NP |
mkNP | |
nobody_NP |
NP | nobody | |
nothing_NP |
NP | nothing | |
she_NP |
NP | she | |
somebody_NP |
NP | somebody | |
something_NP |
NP | something | |
they_NP |
NP | they | |
we_NP |
NP | we | |
youPl_NP |
NP | you (plural) | |
youPol_NP |
NP | you (polite singular) | |
you_NP |
NP | you (singular) | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkNum |
Str -> Num |
thirty-five (given by "35") | |
mkNum |
Numeral -> Num |
twenty
|
|
mkNum |
Digits -> Num |
2 1
|
|
mkNum |
Digit -> Num |
five | |
mkNum |
Card -> Num |
almost ten | |
mkNum |
AdN -> Card -> Num |
almost ten | |
pluralNum |
Num | plural | |
singularNum |
Num | singular | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkNumeral |
Unit -> Numeral |
eight (coerce 1..9) | |
mkNumeral |
Sub100 -> Numeral |
twenty-five (coerce 1..99) | |
mkNumeral |
Sub1000 -> Numeral |
six hundred (coerce 1..999) | |
mkNumeral |
Sub1000 -> Sub1000 -> Numeral |
1000m + n | |
mkNumeral |
Str -> Numeral |
thirty-five (given by "35") | |
thousandfoldNumeral |
Sub1000 -> Numeral |
1000n | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkOrd |
Numeral -> Ord |
twentieth | |
mkOrd |
Digits -> Ord |
51st | |
mkOrd |
Digit -> Ord |
fifth | |
mkOrd |
A -> Ord |
largest | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
but_PConj |
PConj | but | |
mkPConj |
Conj -> PConj |
and now
|
|
otherwise_PConj |
PConj | otherwise | |
therefore_PConj |
PConj | therefore | |
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkPhr |
(PConj) -> Utt -> (Voc) -> Phr |
but sleep , my friend
|
|
mkPhr |
S -> Phr |
she won't sleep
|
|
mkPhr |
Cl -> Phr |
she sleeps
|
|
mkPhr |
QS -> Phr |
would she sleep
|
|
mkPhr |
Imp -> Phr |
sleep
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
negativePol |
Pol | she doesn't sleep
|
|
positivePol |
Pol | she sleeps
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
all_Predet |
Predet | all | |
most_Predet |
Predet | most | |
not_Predet |
Predet | not | |
only_Predet |
Predet | only | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
above_Prep |
Prep | above | |
after_Prep |
Prep | after | |
before_Prep |
Prep | before | |
behind_Prep |
Prep | behind | |
between_Prep |
Prep | between | |
by8agent_Prep |
Prep | by (agent) | |
by8means_Prep |
Prep | by (means of) | |
during_Prep |
Prep | during | |
except_Prep |
Prep | except | |
for_Prep |
Prep | for | |
from_Prep |
Prep | from | |
in8front_Prep |
Prep | in front of | |
in_Prep |
Prep | in | |
on_Prep |
Prep | on | |
part_Prep |
Prep | part | |
possess_Prep |
Prep | of (possessive) | |
through_Prep |
Prep | through | |
to_Prep |
Prep | to | |
under_Prep |
Prep | under | |
with_Prep |
Prep | with | |
without_Prep |
Prep | without | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
he_Pron |
Pron | he | |
i_Pron |
Pron | i | |
it_Pron |
Pron | it | |
she_Pron |
Pron | she | |
they_Pron |
Pron | they | |
we_Pron |
Pron | we | |
youPl_Pron |
Pron | you (plural) | |
youPol_Pron |
Pron | you (polite) | |
youSg_Pron |
Pron | you (singular) | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
exclMarkPunct |
Punct | yes !
|
|
fullStopPunct |
Punct | yes .
|
|
questMarkPunct |
Punct | yes ?
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkQCl |
Cl -> QCl |
does she sleep
|
|
mkQCl |
IP -> VP -> QCl |
who sleeps here
|
|
mkQCl |
IP -> V -> QCl |
who sleeps
|
|
mkQCl |
IP -> V2 -> NP -> QCl |
who loves her
|
|
mkQCl |
IP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> QCl |
who sends it to her
|
|
mkQCl |
IP -> VV -> VP -> QCl |
who wants to sleep
|
|
mkQCl |
IP -> VS -> S -> QCl |
who says that she sleeps | |
mkQCl |
IP -> VQ -> QS -> QCl |
who wonders who sleeps | |
mkQCl |
IP -> VA -> A -> QCl |
who becomes old | |
mkQCl |
IP -> VA -> AP -> QCl |
who becomes old | |
mkQCl |
IP -> V2A -> NP -> A -> QCl |
who paints it red | |
mkQCl |
IP -> V2A -> NP -> AP -> QCl |
who paints it red | |
mkQCl |
IP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> QCl |
who tells her that we sleep | |
mkQCl |
IP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> QCl |
who asks her who sleeps | |
mkQCl |
IP -> V2V -> NP -> VP -> QCl |
who forces her to sleep | |
mkQCl |
IP -> A -> QCl |
who is old | |
mkQCl |
IP -> A -> NP -> QCl |
who is older than her | |
mkQCl |
IP -> A2 -> NP -> QCl |
who is married to her | |
mkQCl |
IP -> AP -> QCl |
who is very old | |
mkQCl |
IP -> NP -> QCl |
who is the man | |
mkQCl |
IP -> N -> QCl |
who is a man | |
mkQCl |
IP -> CN -> QCl |
who is an old man | |
mkQCl |
IP -> Adv -> QCl |
who is here | |
mkQCl |
IP -> NP -> V2 -> QCl |
who is her
|
|
mkQCl |
IP -> ClSlash -> QCl |
whom does she love today
|
|
mkQCl |
IAdv -> Cl -> QCl |
why does she sleep
|
|
mkQCl |
Prep -> IP -> Cl -> QCl |
with whom does she sleep
|
|
mkQCl |
IAdv -> NP -> QCl |
where is she
|
|
mkQCl |
IComp -> NP -> QCl |
who is this man
|
|
mkQCl |
IP -> QCl |
which city is there
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkQS |
(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> QCl -> QS |
who wouldn't have slept
|
|
mkQS |
Cl -> QS |
mkQS | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
a_Quant |
Quant | a | |
mkQuant |
Pron -> Quant |
my | |
no_Quant |
Quant | no | |
that_Quant |
Quant | that | |
the_Quant |
Quant | the | |
this_Quant |
Quant | this | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkRCl |
RP -> VP -> RCl |
who always sleep
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> V -> RCl |
who sleep
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> V2 -> NP -> RCl |
who love her
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> V3 -> NP -> NP -> RCl |
who send it to her
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> VV -> VP -> RCl |
who want to sleep
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> VS -> S -> RCl |
who say that I sleep
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> VQ -> QS -> RCl |
who wonder who sleeps
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> VA -> A -> RCl |
who become old
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> VA -> AP -> RCl |
who become very old
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> V2A -> NP -> A -> RCl |
who paint it red
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> V2A -> NP -> AP -> RCl |
who paint it red
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> V2S -> NP -> S -> RCl |
who answer to him that we sleep
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> V2Q -> NP -> QS -> RCl |
who ask him who sleeps
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> V2V -> NP -> VP -> RCl |
who beg him to sleep
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> A -> RCl |
who am old
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> A -> NP -> RCl |
who am older than he
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> A2 -> NP -> RCl |
who am married to him
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> AP -> RCl |
who am very old
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> NP -> RCl |
who am the woman
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> N -> RCl |
who am a woman
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> CN -> RCl |
who am an old woman
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> Adv -> RCl |
who am here
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> NP -> V2 -> RCl |
whom she loves
|
|
mkRCl |
RP -> ClSlash -> RCl |
whom she loves today
|
|
mkRCl |
Cl -> RCl |
such that she loves him | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkRP |
Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP |
all the cities in whom
|
|
which_RP |
RP | RelativeEng.IdRP
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkRS |
(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> RCl -> RS |
who wouldn't have slept
|
|
mkRS |
Conj -> RS -> RS -> RS |
who sleeps and whose mother runsx | |
mkRS |
Conj -> ListRS -> RS |
who sleeps, whom I see and who sleeps | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkS |
(Tense) -> (Ant) -> (Pol) -> Cl -> S |
she wouldn't have slept
|
|
mkS |
Conj -> S -> S -> S |
she sleeps and I run
|
|
mkS |
Conj -> ListS -> S |
she sleeps , I run and you walk
|
|
mkS |
Adv -> S -> S |
today , she sleeps
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkSC |
S -> SC |
that she sleeps
|
|
mkSC |
QS -> SC |
who sleeps
|
|
mkSC |
VP -> SC |
to sleep
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkSSlash |
Temp -> Pol -> ClSlash -> SSlash |
mkSSlash | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkSub100 |
Unit -> Sub100 |
eight
|
|
mkSub100 |
Unit -> Unit -> Sub100 |
eighty - three
|
|
tenfoldSub100 |
Unit -> Sub100 |
eight
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkSub1000 |
Sub100 -> Sub1000 |
coerce 1..99 | |
mkSub1000 |
Unit -> Sub1000 |
100n | |
mkSub1000 |
Unit -> Sub100 -> Sub1000 |
100m + n | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
although_Subj |
Subj | although | |
because_Subj |
Subj | because | |
if_Subj |
Subj | if | |
that_Subj |
Subj | that | |
when_Subj |
Subj | when | |
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
conditionalTense |
Tense | she would sleep
|
|
futureTense |
Tense | she will sleep
|
|
pastTense |
Tense | she slept
|
|
presentTense |
Tense | she sleeps
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
emptyText |
Text | (empty text) | |
mkText |
Phr -> (Punct) -> (Text) -> Text |
does she sleep ? yes .
|
|
mkText |
Utt -> Text |
yes .
|
|
mkText |
S -> Text |
she slept .
|
|
mkText |
Cl -> Text |
she sleeps .
|
|
mkText |
QS -> Text |
did she sleep ?
|
|
mkText |
(Pol) -> Imp -> Text |
don't sleep !
|
|
mkText |
Text -> Text -> Text |
where ? here . when ? now !
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
n1_Unit |
Unit | one
|
|
n2_Unit |
Unit | two
|
|
n3_Unit |
Unit | three
|
|
n4_Unit |
Unit | four
|
|
n5_Unit |
Unit | five
|
|
n6_Unit |
Unit | six
|
|
n7_Unit |
Unit | seven
|
|
n8_Unit |
Unit | eight
|
|
n9_Unit |
Unit | nine
|
|
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
lets_Utt |
VP -> Utt |
let's sleep
|
|
mkUtt |
S -> Utt |
she slept
|
|
mkUtt |
Cl -> Utt |
she sleeps
|
|
mkUtt |
QS -> Utt |
who didn't sleep
|
|
mkUtt |
QCl -> Utt |
who sleeps
|
|
mkUtt |
(ImpForm) -> (Pol) -> Imp -> Utt |
don't be men
|
|
mkUtt |
IP -> Utt |
who
|
|
mkUtt |
IAdv -> Utt |
why
|
|
mkUtt |
NP -> Utt |
this man
|
|
mkUtt |
Adv -> Utt |
here
|
|
mkUtt |
VP -> Utt |
to sleep
|
|
mkUtt |
CN -> Utt |
beer
|
|
mkUtt |
AP -> Utt |
good
|
|
mkUtt |
Card -> Utt |
five
|
|
no_Utt |
Utt | no | |
yes_Utt |
Utt | yes | |
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
have_V2 |
V2 | have | |
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkVP |
V -> VP |
to sleep
|
|
mkVP |
V2 -> NP -> VP |
to love him
|
|
mkVP |
V3 -> NP -> NP -> VP |
to send it to him
|
|
mkVP |
VV -> VP -> VP |
to want to sleep
|
|
mkVP |
VS -> S -> VP |
to know that she sleeps
|
|
mkVP |
VQ -> QS -> VP |
to wonder who sleeps
|
|
mkVP |
VA -> AP -> VP |
to become red
|
|
mkVP |
V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP |
to paint it red
|
|
mkVP |
V2S -> NP -> S -> VP |
to answer to him that she sleeps
|
|
mkVP |
V2Q -> NP -> QS -> VP |
to answer to him who sleeps
|
|
mkVP |
V2V -> NP -> VP -> VP |
to beg him to sleep
|
|
mkVP |
A -> VP |
to be old
|
|
mkVP |
A -> NP -> VP |
to be older than he
|
|
mkVP |
A2 -> NP -> VP |
to be married to him
|
|
mkVP |
AP -> VP |
parse error
|
|
mkVP |
N -> VP |
to be a woman
|
|
mkVP |
CN -> VP |
to be an old woman
|
|
mkVP |
NP -> VP |
to be the woman
|
|
mkVP |
Adv -> VP |
to be here
|
|
mkVP |
VP -> Adv -> VP |
to sleep here
|
|
mkVP |
AdV -> VP -> VP |
always to sleep
|
|
mkVP |
VPSlash -> NP -> VP |
to paint it black
|
|
mkVP |
VPSlash -> VP |
to paint itself black
|
|
mkVP |
Comp -> VP |
to be warm
|
|
passiveVP |
V2 -> VP |
to be loved
|
|
passiveVP |
V2 -> NP -> VP |
to be loved by her
|
|
progressiveVP |
VP -> VP |
to be sleeping
|
|
reflexiveVP |
V2 -> VP |
to love itself
|
|
reflexiveVP |
VPSlash -> VP |
paint itself black | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkVPSlash |
V2 -> VPSlash |
(whom) (she) loves | |
mkVPSlash |
V3 -> NP -> VPSlash |
(whom) (she) gives an apple | |
mkVPSlash |
V2A -> AP -> VPSlash |
(whom) (she) paints red | |
mkVPSlash |
V2Q -> QS -> VPSlash |
(whom) (she) asks who sleeps | |
mkVPSlash |
V2S -> S -> VPSlash |
(whom) (she) tells that we sleep | |
mkVPSlash |
V2V -> VP -> VPSlash |
(whom) (she) forces to sleep | |
mkVPSlash |
VV -> VPSlash -> VPSlash |
want always to buy | |
mkVPSlash |
V2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash |
beg me always to buy | |
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
Lexical category, constructors given in lexical paradigms.
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
can8know_VV |
VV | can (capacity) | |
can_VV |
VV | can (possibility) | |
must_VV |
VV | must | |
want_VV |
VV | want | |
| Function | Type | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkVoc |
NP -> Voc |
yes , my friend
|
|
please_Voc |
Voc | please | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/bulgarian/ParadigmsBul.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
mkN001 |
Str -> N |
numbers refer to Krustev, Bulg. Morph. in 187 Tables | |
mkN002 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN002a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN003 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN004 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN005 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN006 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN007 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN007b |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN007a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN008 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN008b |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN008c |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN008a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN009 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN009a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN010 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN011 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN012 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN013 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN014 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN014a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN015 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN015a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN016 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN016a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN017 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN018 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN018a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN019 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN019a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN020 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN021 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN022 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN023 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN024a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN024 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN025 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN026 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN027 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN028 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN028a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN029 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN030 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN031 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN031a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN032 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN032a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN033 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN034 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN035 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN035a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN036 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN037 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN038 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN039 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN040 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN040a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN041 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN041a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN041b |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN042 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN043 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN043a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN044 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN045 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN046 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN047 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN048 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN049 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN050 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN051 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN052 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN052a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN053 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN054 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN055 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN056 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN057 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN057a |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN058 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN059 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN060 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN061 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN062 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN063 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN064 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN065 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN066 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN067 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN068 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN069 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN070 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN071 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN072 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN073 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN074 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN075 |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkA076 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA077 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA078 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA079 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA080 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA081 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA082 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA082a |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA083 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA084 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA084a |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA085 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA086 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA087 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA088 |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkA089a |
Str -> A |
- | |
mkV142 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV143 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV144 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV145 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV145a |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV145b |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV146 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV146a |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV147 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV148 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV149 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV150 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV150a |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV151 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV152 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV152a |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV153 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV154 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV155 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV156 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV157 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV158 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV159 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV160 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV160a |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV161 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV161a |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV162 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV163 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV164 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV165 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV166 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV167 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV168 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV169 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV170 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV171 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV172 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV173 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV174 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV175 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV176 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV177 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV178 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV179 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV180 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV181 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV182 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV183 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV184 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV185 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV186 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV187 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
mkV188 |
Str -> VTable |
- | |
adjAdv |
A -> Str -> A = |
- | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/catalan/ParadigmsCat.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
accusative |
Prep | - | |
genitive |
Prep | - | |
dative |
Prep | - | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
- | |
mkN |
(llum : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN |
Str -> Gender -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(disc,discos : Str) -> Gender -> N |
- | |
compN |
N -> Str -> N |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
- | |
deN2 |
N -> N2 |
- | |
aN2 |
N -> N2 |
- | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
- | |
mkPN |
(Anna : Str) -> PN |
- | |
mkPN |
(Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PN |
- | |
mkA |
(sol : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(fort,forta,forts,fortes,fortament : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(bo : A) -> (millor : A) -> A |
- | |
prefixA |
A -> A |
- | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
- | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
- | |
mkAdV |
Str -> AdV |
- | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
- | |
mkV |
(cantar : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
Verbum -> V |
- | |
reflV |
V -> V |
- | |
special_ppV |
V -> Str -> V |
- | |
mkV2 |
Str -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
- | |
v2V |
V2 -> V |
- | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
parlar, a, de | |
dirV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
donar,(accusative),a | |
dirdirV3 |
V -> V3 |
donar,(dative),(accusative) | |
mkV0 |
V -> V0 |
- | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
plain infinitive: "vull parlar" | |
deVV |
V -> VV |
"acabar de parlar" | |
aVV |
V -> VV |
"aprendre a parlar" | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
mkAS |
A -> AS |
- | |
mkA2S |
A -> Prep -> A2S |
- | |
mkAV |
A -> Prep -> AV |
- | |
mkA2V |
A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V |
- | |
V0 |
Type | - | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/danish/ParadigmsDan.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
utrum |
Gender | - | |
neutrum |
Gender | - | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
Case |
Type | - | |
nominative |
Case | - | |
genitive |
Case | - | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
- | |
noPrep |
Prep | empty string | |
mkN |
(bil : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(hus : Str) -> Gender -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(bil,bilen : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
- | |
regN2 |
Str -> Gender -> N2 |
- | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
utrum | |
mkPN |
Str -> Gender -> PN |
- | |
mkPN |
N -> PN |
- | |
mkA |
(fin : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(fin,fint : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
A -> A |
-/mer/mest norsk | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
- | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
- | |
mkAdV |
Str -> AdV |
- | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
- | |
mkV |
(snakke : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
(leve,levde : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
(drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
V -> Str -> V |
- | |
vaereV |
V -> V |
- | |
depV |
V -> V |
- | |
reflV |
V -> V |
- | |
mkV2 |
Str -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
- | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
snakke, med, om | |
dirV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
give,_,til | |
dirdirV3 |
V -> V3 |
give,_,_ | |
mkV0 |
V -> V0 |
- | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
- | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
mkAS |
A -> AS |
- | |
mkA2S |
A -> Prep -> A2S |
- | |
mkAV |
A -> AV |
- | |
mkA2V |
A -> Prep -> A2V |
- | |
V0 |
Type | - | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/dutch/ParadigmsDut.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
de |
Gender | non-neutrum | |
het |
Gender | neutrum | |
mkN |
(muis : Str) -> N |
de muis-muisen, with some predictable exceptions | |
mkN |
(bit : Str) -> Gender -> N |
if gender is not predictable | |
mkN |
(gat,gaten : Str) -> Gender -> N |
worst-case for nouns | |
mkN2 |
N -> N2 |
relational noun with preposition van | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
other preposition than van | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
e.g. afstand + van + naar | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
proper name | |
mkA |
(vers : Str) -> A |
regular adjective | |
mkA |
(goed,goede,goeds,beter,best : Str) -> A |
irregular adjective | |
invarA |
Str -> A |
adjective with just one form | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
e.g. getrouwd + met | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
- | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
- | |
van_Prep |
Prep | - | |
te_Prep |
Prep | - | |
mkV |
(aaien : Str) -> V |
regular verb | |
mkV |
(breken,brak,gebroken : Str) -> V |
theme of irregular verb | |
mkV |
(breken,brak,braken,gebroken : Str) -> V |
also past plural irregular | |
mkV |
(aai,aait,aaien,aaide,aaide,aaiden,geaaid : Str) -> V |
worst-case verb | |
mkV |
Str -> V -> V |
add movable suffix, e.g. af + stappen | |
zijnV |
V -> V |
force zijn as auxiliary (default hebben) | |
reflV |
V -> V |
reflexive verb e.g. zich afvragen | |
mkV3 |
V -> V3 |
geven,(accusative),(dative) | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
sturen,(accusative),naar | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
praten, met, over | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
- | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/english/ParadigmsEng.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
human |
Gender | - | |
nonhuman |
Gender | - | |
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
Case |
Type | - | |
nominative |
Case | - | |
genitive |
Case | - | |
npNumber |
NP -> Number |
- | |
mkN |
(flash : Str) -> N |
plural s, incl. flash-flashes, fly-flies | |
mkN |
(man,men : Str) -> N |
irregular plural | |
mkN |
(man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N |
irregular genitives | |
mkN |
Gender -> N -> N |
default nonhuman | |
mkN |
Str -> N -> N |
e.g. baby + boom | |
mkN2 |
N -> N2 |
e.g. wife of (default prep. to) | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
e.g. access to | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
e.g. connection from x to y | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
- | |
mkA |
(happy : Str) -> A |
regular adj, incl. happy-happier, rude-ruder | |
mkA |
(fat,fatter : Str) -> A |
irreg. comparative | |
mkA |
(good,better,best,well : Str) -> A |
completely irreg. | |
compoundA |
A -> A |
force comparison with more/most | |
simpleA |
A -> A |
force comparison with -er,-est | |
irregAdv |
A -> Str -> A |
adverb irreg, e.g. "fast" | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
absent from | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
e.g. today | |
mkAdV |
Str -> AdV |
e.g. always | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
e.g. quite | |
mkAdN |
Str -> AdN |
e.g. approximately | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
e.g. "in front of" | |
noPrep |
Prep | no preposition | |
mkV |
(cry : Str) -> V |
regular, incl. cry-cries, kiss-kisses etc | |
mkV |
(stop, stopped : Str) -> V |
reg. with consonant duplication | |
mkV |
(drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V |
ordinary irregular | |
mkV |
(go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V |
totally irregular | |
mkV |
Str -> V -> V |
fix compound, e.g. under+take | |
partV |
V -> Str -> V |
with particle, e.g. switch + on | |
reflV |
V -> V |
reflexive e.g. behave oneself | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
transitive, e.g. hit | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
with preposiiton, e.g. believe in | |
mkV3 |
V -> V3 |
ditransitive, e.g. give,_,_ | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
two prepositions, e.g. speak, with, about | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
sentence-compl e.g. say (that S) | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
e.g. tell (NP) (that S) | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
e.g. want (to VP) | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
e.g. want (NP) (to VP) | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
e.g. become (AP) | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> V2A |
e.g. paint (NP) (AP) | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
e.g. wonder (QS) | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
e.g. ask (NP) (QS) | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/finnish/ParadigmsFin.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
Case |
Type | - | |
nominative |
Case | e.g. "talo" | |
genitive |
Case | e.g. "talon" | |
partitive |
Case | e.g. "taloa" | |
essive |
Case | e.g. "talona" | |
translative |
Case | e.g. "taloksi" | |
inessive |
Case | e.g. "talossa" | |
elative |
Case | e.g. "talosta" | |
illative |
Case | e.g. "taloon" | |
adessive |
Case | e.g. "talolla" | |
ablative |
Case | e.g. "talolta" | |
allative |
Case | e.g. "talolle" | |
infFirst |
InfForm | e.g. "tehdä" | |
infElat |
InfForm | e.g. "tekemästä" | |
infIllat |
InfForm | e.g. "tekemään" | |
prePrep |
Case -> Str -> Prep |
preposition, e.g. partitive "ilman" | |
postPrep |
Case -> Str -> Prep |
postposition, e.g. genitive "takana" | |
postGenPrep |
Str -> Prep |
genitive postposition, e.g. "takana" | |
casePrep |
Case -> Prep |
just case, e.g. adessive | |
mkN |
(kukko : Str) -> N |
predictable nouns, covers 82% | |
mkN |
(savi,savia : Str) -> N |
different pl.part | |
mkN |
(vesi,veden,vesiä : Str) -> N |
also different sg.gen | |
mkN |
(vesi,veden,vesiä,vettä : Str) -> N |
also different sg.part | |
mkN |
(olo,n,na,a,oon,jen,ja,ina,issa,ihin : Str) -> N |
worst case, 10 forms | |
mkN |
(pika : Str) -> (juna : N) -> N |
compound with invariable prefix | |
mkN |
(oma : N) -> (tunto : N) -> N |
compound with inflecting prefix | |
mkN2 |
N -> N2 |
relational noun with genitive | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
relational noun another prep. | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
relation with two complements | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
predictable noun made into name | |
mkPN |
N -> PN |
any noun made into name | |
mkA |
Str -> A |
regular noun made into adjective | |
mkA |
N -> A |
any noun made into adjective | |
mkA |
N -> (kivempi,kivin : Str) -> A |
deviating comparison forms | |
mkA |
(hyva,prmpi,pras : N) -> (hyvin,pmmin,prhten : Str) -> A |
worst case adj | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
e.g. "jaollinen" casePrep adessive | |
mkV |
(huutaa : Str) -> V |
predictable verbs, covers 90% | |
mkV |
(huutaa,huusi : Str) -> V |
deviating past 3sg | |
mkV |
(huutaa,huudan,huusi : Str) -> V |
also deviating pres. 1sg | |
mkV |
(huutaa,dan,taa,tavat,takaa,detaan,sin,si,sisi,tanut,dettu,tanee : Str) -> V |
worst-case verb | |
caseV |
Case -> V -> V |
deviating subj. case, e.g. genitive "täytyä" | |
vOlla |
V | the verb "be" | |
mkV2 |
Str -> V2 |
predictable direct transitive | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
direct transitive | |
mkV2 |
V -> Case -> V2 |
complement just case | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
complement pre/postposition | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
e.g. puhua, allative, elative | |
dirV3 |
V -> Case -> V3 |
siirtää, (accusative), illative | |
dirdirV3 |
V -> V3 |
antaa, (accusative), (allative) | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
e.g. "sanoa" allative | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
e.g. "alkaa" | |
mkVVf |
V -> InfForm -> VV |
e.g. "ruveta" infIllat | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> V2V |
e.g. "käskeä" genitive | |
mkV2Vf |
V -> Prep -> InfForm -> V2V |
e.g. "kieltää" partitive infElat | |
mkVA |
V -> Prep -> VA |
e.g. "maistua" ablative | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A |
e.g. "maalata" accusative translative | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
e.g. "kysyä" ablative | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
accusative |
Prep | direct object case | |
genitive |
Prep | genitive, constructed with "de" | |
dative |
Prep | dative, usually constructed with "à" | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
preposition (other than "de" and "à") | |
mkN |
(cheval : Str) -> N |
predictable, with variations like cheval-chevaux | |
mkN |
(oeil,yeux : Str) -> Gender -> N |
worst-case noun | |
mkN |
N -> Str -> N |
compound noun, e.g. numéro + de téléphone | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
e.g. fille + genitive | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
e.g. connection + genitive + dative | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
feminine if ends with "e", otherwise masculine | |
mkPN |
Str -> Gender -> PN |
gender deviant from the simple rule | |
mkA |
(cher : Str) -> A |
predictable, e.g. cher-chère | |
mkA |
(sec,seche : Str) -> A |
unpredictable feminine | |
mkA |
(banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A |
worst-case adjective | |
mkA |
A -> A -> A |
irregular comparison, e.g. bon-meilleur | |
prefixA |
A -> A |
adjective that comes before noun, e.g. petit | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
e.g. supérieur + dative | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
ordinary adverb | |
mkAdV |
Str -> AdV |
sentential adverb, e.g. toujours | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
modify adjective, e.g. très | |
mkV |
(finir : Str) -> V |
regular 1/2/3 conjugation | |
mkV |
(jeter,jette,jettera : Str) -> V |
1st conjugation variations | |
mkV |
V2 -> V |
make 2-place to 1-place (e.g. from IrregFre) | |
etreV |
V -> V |
force auxiliary to be être (default avoir) | |
reflV |
V -> V |
reflexive, implies auxiliary être, e.g. se demander | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
direct transitive | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
e.g. se fier + genitive | |
mkV3 |
V -> V3 |
donner (+ accusative + dative) | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
placer (+ accusative) + dans | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
parler + dative + genitive | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
plain infinitive: "je veux parler" | |
deVV |
V -> VV |
"j'essaie de parler" | |
aVV |
V -> VV |
"j'arrive à parler" | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/german/ParadigmsGer.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
neuter |
Gender | - | |
Case |
Type | - | |
nominative |
Case | - | |
accusative |
Case | - | |
dative |
Case | - | |
genitive |
Case | - | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
mkN |
(Stufe : Str) -> N |
die Stufe-Stufen, der Tisch-Tische | |
mkN |
(Bild,Bilder : Str) -> Gender -> N |
sg and pl nom, and gender | |
mkN |
(x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N |
worst case: mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern | |
mkN2 |
N -> N2 |
noun + von | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
noun + other preposition | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
noun + two prepositions | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
regular name with genitive in "s" | |
mkPN |
(nom,gen : Str) -> PN |
name with other genitive | |
mkPN |
(nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> PN |
name with all case forms | |
mkA |
Str -> A |
regular adjective, works for most cases | |
mkA |
(gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A |
irregular comparison | |
mkA |
(gut,gute,besser,beste : Str) -> A |
irregular positive if ending added | |
invarA |
Str -> A |
invariable, e.g. prima | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
e.g. teilbar + durch | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
adverbs have just one form anyway | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Case -> Prep |
e.g. "durch" + accusative | |
accPrep |
Prep | no string, just accusative case | |
datPrep |
Prep | no string, just dative case | |
genPrep |
Prep | no string, just genitive case | |
von_Prep |
Prep | von + dative | |
zu_Prep |
Prep | zu + dative, with contractions zum, zur | |
anDat_Prep |
Prep | an + dative, with contraction am | |
inDat_Prep |
Prep | in + dative, with contraction ins | |
inAcc_Prep |
Prep | in + accusative, with contraction im | |
mkV |
(führen : Str) -> V |
regular verb | |
mkV |
(sehen,sieht,sah,sähe,gesehen : Str) -> V |
irregular verb theme | |
mkV |
(geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben : Str) -> V |
worst-case verb | |
mkV |
Str -> V -> V |
movable prefix, e.g. auf+fassen | |
no_geV |
V -> V |
no participle "ge", e.g. "bedeuten" | |
fixprefixV |
Str -> V -> V |
add prefix such as "be"; implies no_ge | |
seinV |
V -> V |
force "sein" as auxiliary | |
habenV |
V -> V |
force "haben" as auxiliary | |
reflV |
V -> Case -> V |
reflexive, with case | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
direct object | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
preposition for complement | |
mkV2 |
V -> Case -> V2 |
just case for complement | |
accdatV3 |
V -> V3 |
geben + acc + dat | |
dirV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
senden + acc + nach | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
sprechen + mit + über | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
- | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/italian/ParadigmsIta.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
--Prep |
Type | - | |
accusative |
Prep | - | |
genitive |
Prep | - | |
dative |
Prep | - | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
- | |
mkN |
(cane : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(carne : Str) -> Gender -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(uomo,uomini : Str) -> Gender -> N |
- | |
mkN |
N -> Str -> N |
- | |
mkN2 |
Str -> N2 |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
- | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> Gender -> PN |
- | |
mkA |
(bianco : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
A -> A -> A |
- | |
prefixA |
A -> A = prefA |
- | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
- | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
- | |
mkAdV |
Str -> AdV |
- | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
- | |
mkV |
Str -> V |
- | |
mkV |
Verbo -> V |
- | |
mkV |
(udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -> V |
- | |
essereV |
V -> V |
- | |
reflV |
V -> V |
- | |
mkV2 |
Str -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
- | |
v2V |
V2 -> V |
- | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
parlare, a, di | |
dirV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
dare,_,a | |
dirdirV3 |
V -> V3 |
dare,_,_ | |
mkV0 |
V -> V0 |
- | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
plain infinitive: "voglio parlare" | |
deVV |
V -> VV |
"cerco di parlare" | |
aVV |
V -> VV |
"arrivo a parlare" | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
mkAS |
A -> AS |
- | |
mkA2S |
A -> Prep -> A2S |
- | |
mkAV |
A -> Prep -> AV |
- | |
mkA2V |
A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V |
- | |
V0 |
Type | - | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
neutrum |
Gender | - | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
Case |
Type | - | |
nominative |
Case | - | |
genitive |
Case | - | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
- | |
noPrep |
Prep | empty string | |
mkN |
Str -> N |
- | |
mkN |
Str -> Gender -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(bil,bilen : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
- | |
regN2 |
Str -> Gender -> N2 |
- | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
masculine | |
mkPN |
Str -> Gender -> PN |
- | |
mkPN |
N -> PN |
- | |
mkA |
(fin : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(fin,fint : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(galen,galet,galne : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(stor,stort,store,storre,storst : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
A -> A |
-/mer/mest norsk | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
- | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
e.g. her | |
mkAdV |
Str -> AdV |
e.g. altid | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
- | |
mkV |
(snakke : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
(leve,levde : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
(drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
(spise,spiser,spises,spiste,spist,spis : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
V -> Str -> V |
- | |
vaereV |
V -> V |
- | |
depV |
V -> V |
- | |
reflV |
V -> V |
- | |
mkV2 |
Str -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
- | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
snakke, med, om | |
dirV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
gi,_,til | |
dirdirV3 |
V -> V3 |
gi,_,_ | |
mkV0 |
V -> V0 |
- | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
- | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
mkAS |
A -> AS |
- | |
mkA2S |
A -> Prep -> A2S |
- | |
mkAV |
A -> AV |
- | |
mkA2V |
A -> Prep -> A2V |
- | |
V0 |
Type | - | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/polish/ParadigmsPol.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type; |
- | |
masculineP |
Gender; |
personal | |
masculineA |
Gender; |
animate | |
masculineI |
Gender; |
inanimate | |
feminine |
Gender; |
- | |
neuter |
Gender; |
- | |
personal |
Animacy; |
- | |
Case |
Type; |
- | |
nominative |
Case; |
- | |
genitive |
Case; |
- | |
dative |
Case; |
- | |
accusative |
Case; |
- | |
instrumental |
Case; |
- | |
locative |
Case; |
- | |
vocative |
Case; |
- | |
Number |
Type; |
- | |
singular |
Number; |
- | |
plural |
Number; |
- | |
nKapiel |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-l" | |
nLodz |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-dź" | |
nSul |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-l" | |
nKonew |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-w" | |
nWies |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-Å" | |
nDlon |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-Å" | |
nSiec |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-Ä" (sieÄ),"-ÅÄ" (miÅoÅÄ) | |
nDrzwi |
Str -> N; |
drzwi, wnÄtrznoÅci, usta | |
nKosc |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-ÅÄ"(koÅÄ), "-Ä" (niÄ), | |
nNoc |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-c", "-cz", "-rz", "-ż" | |
nWesz |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-sz" | |
nKrolowa |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-wa", but also for "ksiÄżna" | |
nReka |
Str -> N; |
feminine "rÄka", irregularly noun | |
nApteka |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-k", -"g", consonant alternation k:c, g:dz | |
nDroga |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "g", consonant alternation d:dz, vowel alternation o:ó | |
nMatka |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in -k,consonant alternation k:c, fleeting e | |
nZiemia |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-ia" | |
nFala |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-l" | |
nLilia |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-ia" | |
nKobieta |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-t" | |
nLiczba |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-b", "-p", "-n" | |
nSila |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-Å", "-r" | |
nDoba |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-b", "-p" | |
nWoda |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-d" | |
nSzkola |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-oÅa", "-ra" | |
nWojna |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in two consonants: jn, Åz, Ån, Äm,żw | |
nWiosna |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in two consonants: sn | |
nMgla |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-gÅ" | |
nGwiazda |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-zd" | |
nUlica |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending mainly in "-c", but also in "-ż", "-rz", "-dz" | |
nOwca |
Str -> N; |
feminine, subject ending in "-c" | |
nDanie |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-ni" | |
nSerce |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in a hardened consonant "-c", "-rz" | |
nNasienie |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-ni" (only for "nasienie") | |
nMorze |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-rz", "-ż" | |
nImie |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-Ä" | |
nCiele |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-Ä" | |
nUdo |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in hard consonant + "o" | |
nPiwo |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in a hard consonant + "o" | |
nZero |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-r" | |
nNiebo |
Str -> N; |
neuter, declension for "niebo" | |
nTlo |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-Åo" | |
nZebro |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-r" | |
nOkno |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-n" | |
nGniazdo |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-zd", "-st" | |
nWojsko |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-k" | |
nJajo |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-j" | |
nJablko |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-k" | |
nStudio |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-n" | |
nDziecko |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-n" | |
nUcho |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-ch" | |
nOko |
Str -> N; |
neuter, subject ending in "-k" | |
nFacet |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal, subject ending in a hard consonant "-t", -"n", nom pl "-i" | |
nArab |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal, subject ending in a hard consonant "-t", -"n", nom pl "-y" | |
nPrzyjaciel |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal, subject ending in a hard consonant "-l" | |
nKowal |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal, subject ending in a hard consonant "-l" | |
nLekarz |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal ending in -rz, -ż, -cz, -sz (piekarz, lekarz, papież, tÅumacz, piwosz) | |
nKrol |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal, subject ending in "-ul" | |
nMaz |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal | |
nWrog |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal, subject ending in "-g"; only for "wróg" | |
nKsiadz |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal | |
nOjciec |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal for "ojciec" | |
nBrat |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal | |
nBog |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal | |
nChlopiec |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal | |
nMezczyzna |
Str -> N; |
masculine personal | |
nKon |
Str -> N; |
masculine animate, for "koÅ" | |
nWaz |
Str -> N; |
masculine animate, for "wÄ Å¼" | |
nPtak |
Str -> N; |
masculine animate, subject ending in "-k" | |
nKot |
Str -> N; |
masculine animate, for "kot" | |
nPies |
Str -> N; |
masculine animate, for "pies" | |
nBat |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nChleb |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nSer |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in "-r" | |
nZab |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in "-Ä b" | |
nKosciol |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, for "koscióÅ" | |
nCien |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a week consonant | |
nPien |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a week consonant | |
nLisc |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nKoc |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a hardened consonant | |
nWiersz |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a hardened consonant | |
nDzien |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, for "dzieÅ" | |
nKajak |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in -g or -k | |
nMlotek |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in -ek | |
nMiech |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in -ch | |
nSad |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a hard consonant | |
nDym |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a hard consonant | |
nWal |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nDol |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nOgrod |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nKwiat |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nLas |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nWiatr |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nPopiol |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant | |
nPokoj |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in -ój | |
nGaj |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in a vowel + hard consonant j | |
nBrzeg |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in -g or -k | |
nRok |
Str -> Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate for "rok", form in pl irregular | |
nProg |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in -óg | |
nStatek |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in -ek | |
nDom |
Str -> N; |
masculine inanimate, subject ending in -ch and for dom | |
mkN |
(nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instrSg, locSg, vocSg, |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> N2 |
- | |
mkFun |
N -> Prep -> N2; |
- | |
nullPrep |
Prep = {s = []; c= GenNoPrep; lock_Prep=<>}; |
- | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3; |
- | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Case -> Prep; |
- | |
genPrep |
Prep; |
- | |
datPrep |
Prep; |
- | |
accPrep |
Prep; |
- | |
instrPrep |
Prep; |
- | |
bez_Prep |
Prep; --without |
- | |
dla_Prep |
Prep; --for |
- | |
do_Prep |
Prep; --to |
- | |
dookola_Prep |
Prep; --(a)round |
- | |
kolo_Prep |
Prep; --near |
- | |
obok_Prep |
Prep; --beside, next to |
- | |
od_Prep |
Prep; --from |
- | |
oprocz_Prep |
Prep; --out of |
- | |
podczas_Prep |
Prep; --during |
- | |
mimo_Prep |
Prep; |
despite | |
spod_Prep |
Prep; --under |
- | |
u_Prep |
Prep; --by, with (I was by Peter last sunday.) |
- | |
wzdluz_Prep |
Prep; --along |
- | |
z_Prep |
Prep; --from (I come from Italy.), of/ from (The ring is made of silver.) |
- | |
zamiast_Prep |
Prep; --instead of |
- | |
znad_Prep |
Prep; --over, above |
- | |
zza_Prep |
Prep; --behind |
- | |
dzieki_Prep |
Prep; |
thanks for | |
przeciw_Prep |
Prep; |
against | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/romanian/ParadigmsRon.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
NGender |
Type | - | |
masculine |
NGender | - | |
feminine |
NGender | - | |
neuter |
NGender | - | |
Gender |
Type | - | |
Masculine |
Gender | - | |
Feminine |
Gender | - | |
Anim |
Type | - | |
animate |
Anim | - | |
inanimate |
Anim; |
- | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
Preposition |
Type | - | |
NCase |
Type | - | |
Acc |
NCase | - | |
Dat |
NCase | - | |
Gen |
NCase | - | |
Nom |
NCase | - | |
mkPrep |
Str -> NCase-> Bool -> Prep |
- | |
mkPrep |
Str -> NCase -> Prep; |
- | |
noPrep |
NCase -> Prep |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
- | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> Str -> Gender -> Number -> PN |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> Gender -> PN |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> Gender -> Number -> PN |
- | |
mkInAn |
PN -> PN |
- | |
mkPropNoun |
Str -> Gender -> PN |
- | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
- | |
mkV |
Str -> V |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
mkAS |
A -> AS |
- | |
mkA2S |
A -> Prep -> A2S |
- | |
mkAV |
A -> Prep -> AV |
- | |
mkA2V |
A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V |
- | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/russian/ParadigmsRus.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
neuter |
Gender | - | |
Case |
Type | - | |
nominative |
Case | - | |
genitive |
Case | - | |
dative |
Case | - | |
accusative |
Case | - | |
instructive |
Case | - | |
prepositional |
Case | - | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
mkN |
(karta : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(tigr : Str) -> Animacy -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg, prepos2Sg, nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl : Str) -> Gender -> Animacy -> N |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> N2 |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
- | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
- | |
mkPN |
Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> PN |
"Ðван", "ÐаÑа" | |
nounPN |
N -> PN |
- | |
mkA |
(positive : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(positive, comparative : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA2 |
A -> Str -> Case -> A2 |
"делим на" | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
- | |
mkV |
Aspect -> (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3, |
- | |
pastSgP1,imperative,infinitive |
Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> Str -> Case -> V2 |
"войÑи в дом"; "в", accusative | |
mkV3 |
V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 |
"ÑложиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑмо в конвеÑÑ" | |
dirV2 |
V -> V2 |
"видеÑÑ", "лÑбиÑÑ" | |
tvDirDir |
V -> V3 |
- | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
accusative |
Prep | - | |
genitive |
Prep | - | |
dative |
Prep | - | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
- | |
mkN |
(luz : Str) -> N |
- | |
mkN |
Str -> Gender -> N |
- | |
mkN |
(baston,bastones : Str) -> Gender -> N |
- | |
compN |
N -> Str -> N |
- | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
- | |
deN2 |
N -> N2 |
- | |
aN2 |
N -> N2 |
- | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
- | |
mkPN |
(Anna : Str) -> PN |
- | |
mkPN |
(Pilar : Str) -> Gender -> PN |
- | |
mkA |
(util : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(solo,sola,solos,solas,solamente : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(bueno : A) -> (mejor : A) -> A |
- | |
prefixA |
A -> A |
- | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
- | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
- | |
mkAdV |
Str -> AdV |
- | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
- | |
mkV |
(pagar : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
(mostrar,muestro : Str) -> V |
- | |
mkV |
Verbum -> V |
- | |
reflV |
V -> V |
- | |
special_ppV |
V -> Str -> V |
- | |
mkV2 |
Str -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
- | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
- | |
v2V |
V2 -> V |
- | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
hablar, a, di | |
dirV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
dar,(accusative),a | |
dirdirV3 |
V -> V3 |
dar,(dative),(accusative) | |
mkV0 |
V -> V0 |
- | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
plain infinitive: "quiero hablar" | |
deVV |
V -> VV |
"terminar de hablar" | |
aVV |
V -> VV |
"aprender a hablar" | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
mkAS |
A -> AS |
- | |
mkA2S |
A -> Prep -> A2S |
- | |
mkAV |
A -> Prep -> AV |
- | |
mkA2V |
A -> Prep -> Prep -> A2V |
- | |
V0 |
Type | - | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender |
Type | - | |
utrum |
Gender | the "en" gender | |
neutrum |
Gender | the "ett" gender | |
Number |
Type | - | |
singular |
Number | - | |
plural |
Number | - | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Prep |
e.g. "till" | |
noPrep |
Prep | empty string | |
mkN |
(apa : Str) -> N |
predictable nouns: apa-apor, rike-riken, or bil-bilar | |
mkN |
(nyckel,nycklar : Str) -> N |
singular and plural suffice for most nouns | |
mkN |
(museum,museet,museer,museerna : Str) -> N |
worst case for nouns | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> N2 |
e.g. syster - till | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 |
e.g. flyg - från - till | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN |
default gender utrum | |
mkPN |
Str -> Gender -> PN |
set other gender | |
mkPN |
(jesus,jesu : Str) -> Gender -> PN |
irregular genitive | |
mkA |
(billig : Str) -> A |
- | |
mkA |
(bred,brett : Str) -> A |
predictable adjective | |
mkA |
(tung,tyngre,tyngst : Str) -> A |
irregular comparison | |
mkA |
(god,gott,goda,battre,bast : Str) -> A |
very irregular | |
mkA |
(liten,litet,lilla,sma,mindre,minst,minsta : Str) -> A |
worst case | |
compoundA |
A -> A |
force comparison by mera - mest | |
mkA2 |
A -> Prep -> A2 |
e.g. delbar - med | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
postverbal, e.g. här | |
mkAdV |
Str -> AdV |
preverbal, e.g. alltid | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
modify adjective, e.g. tämligen | |
mkV |
(stämmer : Str) -> V |
predictable verb: use present indicative | |
mkV |
(dricka,drack,druckit : Str) -> V |
the theme of an irregular verb | |
mkV |
(gå,går,gå,gick,gått,gången : Str) -> V |
worst case | |
mkV |
V -> Str -> V |
particle verb, e.g. passa - på | |
depV |
V -> V |
deponent verb, e.g. andas | |
reflV |
V -> V |
reflexive verb, e.g. ångra sig | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
direct transitive | |
mkV2 |
V -> Prep -> V2 |
preposition for complement | |
mkV3 |
V -> V3 |
direct ditransitive | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> V3 |
preposition for last argument | |
mkV3 |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 |
prepositions for both complements | |
mkVS |
V -> VS |
- | |
mkV2S |
V -> Prep -> V2S |
- | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
- | |
mkV2V |
V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V |
- | |
mkVA |
V -> VA |
- | |
mkV2A |
V -> Prep -> V2A |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
- | |
mkV2Q |
V -> Prep -> V2Q |
- | |
source http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/resource/src/urdu/ParadigmsUrd.gf
| Function | Type | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|---|
masculine |
Gender | - | |
feminine |
Gender | - | |
singular |
Number; |
- | |
plural |
Number; |
- | |
mkN |
Str -> N |
Regular nouns like lRka, gender is judged from noun ending | |
mkN |
Str -> Gender -> N |
nouns whose gender is irregular like Admy | |
mkN |
(x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N |
worst case | |
mkN2 |
N -> Prep -> Str -> N2; |
e.g maN ky | |
mkN3 |
N -> Prep -> Str -> Str-> N3 |
e.g faSlh - sE - ka | |
mkCmpdNoun |
Str -> N -> N |
e.g t-alb elm | |
mkPN |
Str -> PN = \s -> let n |
- | |
personalPN |
Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> UPerson -> Pron |
- | |
demoPN |
Str -> Str -> Str -> Quant |
- | |
mkDet |
Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Number -> Det |
- | |
mkIP |
(x1,x2,x3:Str) -> Number -> Gender -> IP |
- | |
mkAdN |
Str -> AdN |
- | |
mkA |
Str-> A |
e.g ach'a | |
mkA |
Str -> Str -> A2 |
e.g sE Xady krna | |
mkA2 |
A -> Str -> A2 |
- | |
mkV |
Str -> V |
regular verbs like swna | |
mkV2 |
Str -> V2 |
e.g pyna | |
mkV2 |
V -> V2 |
e.g pyna | |
mkV2 |
V -> Str -> V2 |
e.g bnd krna | |
mkV3 |
V -> Str -> Str -> V3; |
e.g bycna | |
mkV2V |
V -> Str -> Str -> Bool -> V2V |
e.g eltja krna - sE - kw | |
dirdirV3 |
V -> V3 |
- | |
compoundV |
Str -> V -> V |
e.g barX hwna | |
compoundV |
Str -> V2 -> V |
e.g bnd krna | |
mkAdv |
Str -> Adv |
e.g yhaN | |
mkPrep |
Str -> Str -> Prep |
e.g ka - ky | |
mkConj |
Str -> Conj |
and (plural agreement) | |
mkConj |
Str -> Number -> Conj |
or (agrement number given as argument) | |
mkConj |
Str -> Str -> Conj |
both ... and (plural) | |
mkConj |
Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj |
either ... or (agrement number given as argument) | |
mkVS |
V -> VS; |
e.g drna | |
mkVV |
V -> VV |
e.g cahna | |
mkAdA |
Str -> AdA |
- | |
mkVQ |
V -> VQ |
e.g janna | |
New: Browsing by syntax editor directly on the web.
All of the following assume
cd $GF_LIB_PATH
To try out inflection paradigms:
> i -path=alltenses -retain alltenses/ParadigmsGer.gfo
> cc mkN "Farbe"
To try out overloaded syntax, test lexicon, and inflection paradigms:
> i -path=alltenses -retain alltenses/TryGer.gfo
> cc mkCl (mkNP this_Quant (mkN "Farbe")) (mkA "dunkel")
The standard way of building an application has the following modules.
An abstract syntax:
abstract Music = {
cat
Kind,
Property ;
fun
PropKind : Kind -> Property -> Kind ;
Song : Kind ;
American : Property ;
}
A domain lexicon interface:
interface LexMusic = open Cat in {
oper
song_N : N ;
american_A : A ;
}
A functor on Syntax and the domain lexicon interface:
incomplete concrete MusicI of Music = open Syntax, MusicLex in {
lincat
Kind = CN ;
Property = AP ;
lin
PropKind k p = mkCN p k ;
Song = mkCN song_N ;
American = mkAP american_A ;
}
For each language, an instance of the domain lexicon:
instance LexMusicGer of LexMusic = CatGer ** open ParadigmsGer in {
oper
song_N = mkN "Lied" "Lieder" neuter ;
american_A = mkA "amerikanisch" ;
}
For each language, an instantiation of the functor:
--# -path=.:present:prelude
concrete MusicGer of Music = MusicI with
(Syntax = SyntaxGer),
(LexMusic = LexMusicGer) ;