Functions in this table have links, e.g. http://www.grammaticalframework.org/lib/doc/absfuns.html#PredVP
| Function | Type | Example | Dependencies | Module |
| AAnter | Ant | I have slept/had slept (anterior, "compound", "perfect") --# notpresent | - | Tense |
| ASimul | Ant | I sleep/slept (simultaneous, not compound) | - | Tense |
| AdAP | AdA -> AP -> AP | very warm | advmod head | Adjective |
| AdAdV | AdA -> AdV -> AdV | almost always | amod head | Extensions |
| AdAdv | AdA -> Adv -> Adv | very quickly | amod head | Adverb |
| AdNum | AdN -> Card -> Card | almost 51 | advmod head | Noun |
| AdVVP | AdV -> VP -> VP | always sleep | advmod head | Verb |
| AdVVPSlash | AdV -> VPSlash -> VPSlash | always use (it) | advmod head | Verb |
| AddAdvQVP | QVP -> IAdv -> QVP | buys what where | head advmod | Question |
| AdjCN | AP -> CN -> CN | big house | amod head | Noun |
| AdjDAP | DAP -> AP -> DAP | the large (one) | head amod | Noun |
| AdjOrd | Ord -> AP | warmest | - | Adjective |
| AdnCAdv | CAdv -> AdN | less (than five) | - | Adverb |
| AdvAP | AP -> Adv -> AP | warm by nature | head advmod | Adjective |
| AdvCN | CN -> Adv -> CN | house on the hill | head nmod | Noun |
| AdvIAdv | IAdv -> Adv -> IAdv | where in Paris | advmod head | Question |
| AdvIP | IP -> Adv -> IP | who in Paris | - | Question |
| AdvNP | NP -> Adv -> NP | Paris today | head nmod | Noun |
| AdvQVP | VP -> IAdv -> QVP | lives where | head dobj | Question |
| AdvS | Adv -> S -> S | then I will go home | advmod head | Sentence |
| AdvSlash | ClSlash -> Adv -> ClSlash | (whom) he sees today | head advmod | Sentence |
| AdvVP | VP -> Adv -> VP | sleep here | head advmod | Verb |
| AdvVPSlash | VPSlash -> Adv -> VPSlash | use (it) here | head advmod | Verb |
| ApposCN | CN -> NP -> CN | city Paris (, numbers x and y) | head appos | Noun |
| ApposNP | NP -> NP -> NP | Mr Hollande, the president of France, | head appos | Extensions |
| ByVP | VP -> Adv | by publishing the document | - | Extensions |
| CAdvAP | CAdv -> AP -> NP -> AP | as cool as John | case amod head | Adjective |
| CNIntNP | CN -> Int -> NP | level 53 (covered by CNNumNP) | - | Symbol |
| CNNumNP | CN -> Card -> NP | level five ; level 5 | head nummod | Symbol |
| CNSymbNP | Det -> CN -> [Symb] -> NP | (the) (2) numbers x and y | - | Symbol |
| CleftAdv | Adv -> S -> Cl | it is here she slept | head advcl | Idiom |
| CleftNP | NP -> RS -> Cl | it is I who did it | head acl | Idiom |
| CompAP | AP -> Comp | (be) small | - | Verb |
| CompAdv | Adv -> Comp | (be) here | - | Verb |
| CompCN | CN -> Comp | (be) a man/men | - | Verb |
| CompIAdv | IAdv -> IComp | where (is it) | - | Question |
| CompIP | IP -> IComp | who (is it) | - | Question |
| CompNP | NP -> Comp | (be) the man | - | Verb |
| CompQS | QS -> Comp | (the question is) who sleeps | - | Extensions |
| CompS | S -> Comp | (the fact is) that she sleeps | - | Extensions |
| CompVP | Ant -> Pol -> VP -> Comp | (she is) to go | - | Extensions |
| ComparA | A -> NP -> AP | warmer than I | amod head | Adjective |
| ComparAdvAdj | CAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv | more warmly than John | advmod amod head | Adverb |
| ComparAdvAdjS | CAdv -> A -> S -> Adv | more warmly than he runs | advmod amod head | Adverb |
| ComplA2 | A2 -> NP -> AP | married to her | amod head | Adjective |
| ComplN2 | N2 -> NP -> CN | mother of the king | head nmod | Noun |
| ComplN3 | N3 -> NP -> N2 | distance from this city (to Paris) | nmod head | Noun |
| ComplSlash | VPSlash -> NP -> VP | love it | head dobj | Verb |
| ComplSlashIP | VPSlash -> IP -> QVP | buys what | head dobj | Question |
| ComplVA | VA -> AP -> VP | they become red | head xcomp | Verb |
| ComplVPIVV | VV -> VPI -> VP | want to walk and drink beer | - | Extensions |
| ComplVQ | VQ -> QS -> VP | wonder who runs | head ccomp | Verb |
| ComplVS | VS -> S -> VP | say that she runs | head ccomp | Verb |
| ComplVV | VV -> Ant -> Pol -> VP -> VP | want not to have slept | head xcomp | Extensions |
| ComplVV | VV -> VP -> VP | want to run | head xcomp | Verb |
| CompoundAP | N -> A -> AP | language independent / language-independent | head amod | Extensions |
| CompoundN | N -> N -> N | control system / controls system / control-system | compound head | Extensions |
| ConjAP | Conj -> [AP] -> AP | cold and warm | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjAdV | Conj -> [AdV] -> AdV | always or sometimes | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjAdv | Conj -> [Adv] -> Adv | here or there | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjCN | Conj -> [CN] -> CN | man and woman | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjDet | Conj -> [DAP] -> Det | his or her | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjIAdv | Conj -> [IAdv] -> IAdv | where and with whom | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjNP | Conj -> [NP] -> NP | she or we | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjRS | Conj -> [RS] -> RS | who walks and whose mother runs | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjS | Conj -> [S] -> S | he walks and she runs | cc head | Conjunction |
| ConjVPI | Conj -> [VPI] -> VPI | to walk and drink beer | - | Extensions |
| ConjVPS | Conj -> [VPS] -> VPS | had walked and drank beer | - | Extensions |
| CountNP | Det -> NP -> NP | three of them, some of the boys | det head | Noun |
| DefArt | Quant | the | - | Noun |
| DetCN | Det -> CN -> NP | the man | det head | Noun |
| DetDAP | Det -> DAP | this (or that) | - | Noun |
| DetNP | Det -> NP | these five | - | Noun |
| DetQuant | Quant -> Num -> Det | these five | head nummod | Noun |
| DetQuantOrd | Quant -> Num -> Ord -> Det | these five best | head nummod amod | Noun |
| DirectComplVQ | Temp -> NP -> VQ -> QS -> S | who is there, she asked / she asked: who is there -- no negation possible | empty nsubj head ccomp | Extensions |
| DirectComplVS | Temp -> NP -> VS -> Utt -> S | I am here, she said / she said: I am here -- no negation possible | empty nsubj head ccomp | Extensions |
| EmbedQS | QS -> SC | who goes | - | Sentence |
| EmbedS | S -> SC | that she goes | - | Sentence |
| EmbedVP | VP -> SC | to go | - | Sentence |
| EmptyRelSlash | ClSlash -> RCl | (the city) he lives in | - | Extensions |
| ExistIP | IP -> QCl | which houses are there | - | Idiom |
| ExistIPAdv | IP -> Adv -> QCl | which houses are there in Paris | head advmod | Idiom |
| ExistNP | NP -> Cl | there is a house | - | Idiom |
| ExistNPAdv | NP -> Adv -> Cl | there is a house in Paris | head nmod | Idiom |
| ExtAdvS | Adv -> S -> S | next week, I will go home | advmod head | Sentence |
| ExtAdvVP | VP -> Adv -> VP | sleep , even though ... | head advmod | Verb |
| FloatPN | Float -> PN | 3.14159 | - | Symbol |
| FocusObjS | NP -> SSlash -> S | this woman I love -- in declarative S, not in QS | nsubj head | Extensions |
| FunRP | Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP | the mother of whom | - | Relative |
| GenIP | IP -> IQuant | whose | - | Extensions |
| GenNP | NP -> Quant | this man's | - | Extensions |
| GenRP | Num -> CN -> RP | whose car(s) | - | Extensions |
| GenericCl | VP -> Cl | one sleeps | - | Idiom |
| GerundAdv | VP -> Adv | publishing the document (prepositionless adverb) | - | Extensions |
| GerundCN | VP -> CN | publishing of the document (can get a determiner) | - | Extensions |
| GerundNP | VP -> NP | publishing the document (by nature definite) | - | Extensions |
| IDig | Dig -> Digits | 8 | - | Numeral |
| IIDig | Dig -> Digits -> Digits | 876 | head goeswith | Numeral |
| IdRP | RP | which | - | Relative |
| IdetCN | IDet -> CN -> IP | which five songs | - | Question |
| IdetIP | IDet -> IP | which five | - | Question |
| IdetQuant | IQuant -> Num -> IDet | which (five) | - | Question |
| ImpP3 | NP -> VP -> Utt | let John walk | - | Idiom |
| ImpPl1 | VP -> Utt | let's go | - | Idiom |
| ImpVP | VP -> Imp | love yourselves | - | Sentence |
| ImpersCl | VP -> Cl | it is hot | - | Idiom |
| InOrderToVP | VP -> Adv | (in order) to publish the document | - | Extensions |
| IndefArt | Quant | a/an | - | Noun |
| IntPN | Int -> PN | 27 | - | Symbol |
| MassNP | CN -> NP | (beer) | - | Noun |
| MkSymb | String -> Symb | foo (making a symbol from a string) | - | Symbol |
| MkVPI | VP -> VPI | to walk | - | Extensions |
| MkVPS | Temp -> Pol -> VP -> VPS | had walked | empty empty head | Extensions |
| ModSubjS | S -> Subj -> S -> S | she sleeps, because she is old | - | Sentence |
| NoPConj | PConj | (plain phrase without conjunction in front) | - | Phrase |
| NoVoc | Voc | (plain phrase without vocative) | - | Phrase |
| NumCard | Card -> Num | one/five (explicit numeral) | - | Noun |
| NumDigits | Digits -> Card | 51 | - | Noun |
| NumNumeral | Numeral -> Card | fifty-one | - | Noun |
| NumPN | Card -> PN | twelve (as proper name) | - | Symbol |
| NumPl | Num | (no numeral, but marked as plural) | - | Noun |
| NumSg | Num | (no numeral, but marked as singular) | - | Noun |
| OrdDigits | Digits -> Ord | 51st | - | Noun |
| OrdNumeral | Numeral -> Ord | fifty-first | - | Noun |
| OrdNumeralSuperl | Numeral -> A -> Ord | third largest | nummod head | Noun |
| OrdSuperl | A -> Ord | warmest | - | Noun |
| PConjConj | Conj -> PConj | and | - | Phrase |
| PNeg | Pol | I don't sleep (negative polarity) | - | Tense |
| PPartNP | NP -> V2 -> NP | the man seen | - | Noun |
| PPos | Pol | I sleep (positive polarity) | - | Tense |
| PartNP | CN -> NP -> CN | glass of wine | nmod head | Noun |
| PassAgentVPSlash | VPSlash -> NP -> VP | be begged by her to go | head nmod | Extensions |
| PassV2 | V2 -> VP | be loved | - | Verb |
| PassVPSlash | VPSlash -> VP | be forced to sleep | - | Extensions |
| PastPartAP | VPSlash -> AP | lost (opportunity) ; (opportunity) lost in space | - | Extensions |
| PastPartAgentAP | VPSlash -> NP -> AP | (opportunity) lost by the company | head dobj | Extensions |
| PastPartRS | Ant -> Pol -> VPSlash -> RS | (man) not seen by her --- maybe no Anter | - | Extensions |
| PhrUtt | PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr | but come here, my friend | cc head discourse | Phrase |
| PositA | A -> AP | warm | - | Adjective |
| PositAdAAdj | A -> AdA | extremely | - | Adverb |
| PositAdVAdj | A -> AdV | (that she) positively (sleeps) | - | Extensions |
| PositAdvAdj | A -> Adv | warmly | - | Adverb |
| PossNP | CN -> NP -> CN | house of Paris, house of mine | nmod head | Noun |
| PossPron | Pron -> Quant | my (house) | - | Noun |
| PredFrontVQ | Temp -> NP -> VQ -> QS -> S | are you here, she asked -- no negation; direct order | - | Extensions |
| PredFrontVS | Temp -> NP -> VS -> S -> S | I am here, she said -- no negation | - | Extensions |
| PredSCVP | SC -> VP -> Cl | that she goes is good | csubj head | Sentence |
| PredVP | NP -> VP -> Cl | John walks | PassVPSlash nsubjpass head | Sentence |
| PredVPS | NP -> VPS -> S | I had walked and drank beer | nsubj head | Extensions |
| PredetNP | Predet -> NP -> NP | only the man | det head | Noun |
| PrepIP | Prep -> IP -> IAdv | with whom | case head | Question |
| PrepNP | Prep -> NP -> Adv | in the house | case head | Adverb |
| PresPartAP | VP -> AP | sleeping (man), (man) sleeping in the car | - | Extensions |
| PresPartRS | Ant -> Pol -> VP -> RS | (man) not having seen her | - | Extensions |
| ProgrVP | VP -> VP | be sleeping | - | Idiom |
| QuestCl | Cl -> QCl | does John walk | - | Question |
| QuestIAdv | IAdv -> Cl -> QCl | why does John walk | advmod head | Question |
| QuestIComp | IComp -> NP -> QCl | where is John | head nsubj | Question |
| QuestQVP | IP -> QVP -> QCl | who buys what where | nsubj head | Question |
| QuestSlash | IP -> ClSlash -> QCl | whom does John love | dobj head | Question |
| QuestVP | IP -> VP -> QCl | who walks | nsubj head | Question |
| ReflA2 | A2 -> AP | married to itself | - | Adjective |
| ReflVP | VPSlash -> VP | love himself | - | Verb |
| RelCN | CN -> RS -> CN | house that John bought | head acl | Noun |
| RelCl | Cl -> RCl | such that John loves her | - | Relative |
| RelNP | NP -> RS -> NP | Paris, which is here | head acl | Noun |
| RelS | S -> RS -> S | she sleeps, which is good | head advcl | Sentence |
| RelSlash | RP -> ClSlash -> RCl | whom John loves | mark head | Relative |
| RelVP | RP -> VP -> RCl | who loves John | mark head | Relative |
| SSubjS | S -> Subj -> S -> S | I go home if she comes | head mark advcl | Sentence |
| SelfAdVVP | VP -> VP | is himself at home | - | Idiom |
| SelfAdvVP | VP -> VP | is at home himself | - | Idiom |
| SelfNP | NP -> NP | the president himself (is at home) | - | Idiom |
| SentAP | AP -> SC -> AP | good that she is here | amod acl | Adjective |
| SentCN | CN -> SC -> CN | question where she sleeps | head acl | Noun |
| Slash2V3 | V3 -> NP -> VPSlash | give it (to her) | head iobj | Verb |
| Slash3V3 | V3 -> NP -> VPSlash | give (it) to her | head dobj | Verb |
| SlashPrep | Cl -> Prep -> ClSlash | (with whom) he walks | head case | Sentence |
| SlashSlashV2V | V2V -> Ant -> Pol -> VPSlash -> VPSlash | induce them to sell (it) -- analogous to Verb.SlashVV | - | Extensions |
| SlashV2A | V2A -> AP -> VPSlash | paint (it) red | head xcomp | Verb |
| SlashV2Q | V2Q -> QS -> VPSlash | ask (him) who came | head ccomp | Verb |
| SlashV2S | V2S -> S -> VPSlash | answer (to him) that it is good | head ccomp | Verb |
| SlashV2V | V2V -> Ant -> Pol -> VP -> VPSlash | force (her) not to have slept | head xcomp | Extensions |
| SlashV2V | V2V -> VP -> VPSlash | beg (her) to go | head xcomp | Verb |
| SlashV2VNP | V2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash | beg me to buy | head dobj xcomp | Verb |
| SlashV2a | V2 -> VPSlash | love (it) | - | Verb |
| SlashVP | NP -> VPSlash -> ClSlash | (whom) he sees | nsubj head | Sentence |
| SlashVPIV2V | V2V -> Pol -> VPI -> VPSlash | force (her) not to sleep and dream | - | Extensions |
| SlashVS | NP -> VS -> SSlash -> ClSlash | (whom) she says that he loves | nsubj head ccomp | Sentence |
| SlashVV | VV -> VPSlash -> VPSlash | want to buy | head acl | Verb |
| SubjS | Subj -> S -> Adv | when she sleeps | mark head | Adverb |
| SymbNum | Symb -> Card | n | - | Symbol |
| SymbOrd | Symb -> Ord | n'th | - | Symbol |
| SymbPN | Symb -> PN | x | - | Symbol |
| SymbS | Symb -> S | A | - | Symbol |
| TCond | Tense | I would sleep (conditional) --# notpresent | - | Tense |
| TEmpty | Text | (empty text, no sentences) | - | Text |
| TExclMark | Phr -> Text -> Text | Let's go! ... | - | Text |
| TFullStop | Phr -> Text -> Text | John walks. ... | - | Text |
| TFut | Tense | I will sleep (future) --# notpresent | - | Tense |
| TPast | Tense | I slept (past, "imperfect") --# notpresent | - | Tense |
| TPres | Tense | I sleep/have slept (present) | - | Tense |
| TQuestMark | Phr -> Text -> Text | Are they here? ... | - | Text |
| TTAnt | Tense -> Ant -> Temp | (combination of tense and anteriority, e.g. past anterior) | empty empty head | Tense |
| Use2N3 | N3 -> N2 | distance (from this city) | - | Noun |
| Use3N3 | N3 -> N2 | distance (to Paris) | - | Noun |
| UseA2 | A2 -> AP | married | - | Adjective |
| UseCl | Temp -> Pol -> Cl -> S | she had not slept | empty empty head | Sentence |
| UseComp | Comp -> VP | be warm | - | Verb |
| UseComparA | A -> AP | warmer | - | Adjective |
| UseCopula | VP | be | - | Verb |
| UseN | N -> CN | house | - | Noun |
| UseN2 | N2 -> CN | mother | - | Noun |
| UsePN | PN -> NP | John | - | Noun |
| UsePron | Pron -> NP | he | - | Noun |
| UseQCl | Temp -> Pol -> QCl -> QS | who had not slept | empty empty head | Sentence |
| UseQuantPN | Quant -> PN -> NP | this John | - | Extensions |
| UseRCl | Temp -> Pol -> RCl -> RS | that had not slept | empty empty head | Sentence |
| UseSlash | Temp -> Pol -> ClSlash -> SSlash | (that) she had not seen | empty empty head | Sentence |
| UseV | V -> VP | sleep | - | Verb |
| UttAP | AP -> Utt | fine | - | Phrase |
| UttAdV | AdV -> Utt | always(!) | - | Extensions |
| UttAdv | Adv -> Utt | here | - | Phrase |
| UttCN | CN -> Utt | house | - | Phrase |
| UttCard | Card -> Utt | five | - | Phrase |
| UttIAdv | IAdv -> Utt | why | - | Phrase |
| UttIP | IP -> Utt | who | - | Phrase |
| UttImpPl | Pol -> Imp -> Utt | (don't) love yourselves | empty head | Phrase |
| UttImpPol | Pol -> Imp -> Utt | (don't) sleep (polite) | empty head | Phrase |
| UttImpSg | Pol -> Imp -> Utt | (don't) love yourself | empty head | Phrase |
| UttInterj | Interj -> Utt | alas | - | Phrase |
| UttNP | NP -> Utt | this man | - | Phrase |
| UttQS | QS -> Utt | is it good | - | Phrase |
| UttS | S -> Utt | John walks | - | Phrase |
| UttVP | VP -> Utt | to sleep | - | Phrase |
| VPSlashPrep | VP -> Prep -> VPSlash | live in (it) | head case | Verb |
| VPSlashVS | VS -> VP -> VPSlash | to believe (her) to sleep --- she was believed to sleep | - | Extensions |
| VocNP | NP -> Voc | my friend | - | Phrase |
| WithoutVP | VP -> Adv | without publishing the document | - | Extensions |
| num | Sub1000000 -> Numeral | 123456 (coercion to top category) | - | Numeral |
| pot0 | Digit -> Sub10 | d * 1 | - | Numeral |
| pot01 | Sub10 | 1 | - | Numeral |
| pot0as1 | Sub10 -> Sub100 | coercion of 1..9 | - | Numeral |
| pot1 | Digit -> Sub100 | d * 10 | - | Numeral |
| pot110 | Sub100 | 10 | - | Numeral |
| pot111 | Sub100 | 11 | - | Numeral |
| pot1as2 | Sub100 -> Sub1000 | coercion of 1..99 | - | Numeral |
| pot1plus | Digit -> Sub10 -> Sub100 | d * 10 + n | - | Numeral |
| pot1to19 | Digit -> Sub100 | 10 + d | - | Numeral |
| pot2 | Sub10 -> Sub1000 | m * 100 | - | Numeral |
| pot2as3 | Sub1000 -> Sub1000000 | coercion of 1..999 | - | Numeral |
| pot2plus | Sub10 -> Sub100 -> Sub1000 | m * 100 + n | - | Numeral |
| pot3 | Sub1000 -> Sub1000000 | m * 1000 | - | Numeral |
| pot3plus | Sub1000 -> Sub1000 -> Sub1000000 | m * 1000 + n | - | Numeral |
| that_RP | RP | that (relative pronoun) | - | Extensions |
| who_RP | RP | who (relative pronoun) | - | Extensions |