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176 lines
4.8 KiB
HTML
176 lines
4.8 KiB
HTML
<html>
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<body>
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<i> Produced by
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gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
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(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
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</i>
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<p>
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<h1></h1>
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# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../../prelude
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<h1> French Lexical Paradigms</h1>
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<p>
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Aarne Ranta 2003
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<p>
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This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
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for adding lexical items. It give shortcuts for forming
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expressions of basic categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
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Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
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accessed through the resource syntax API, <tt>resource.Abs.gf</tt>.
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<p>
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The main difference with <tt>MorphoFre.gf</tt> is that the types
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referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
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had the design principle of always having existing forms, not stems, as string
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arguments of the paradigms.
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<p>
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The following modules are presupposed:
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<pre>
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resource ParadigmsFre =
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open Prelude, (Types = TypesFre), SyntaxFre, MorphoFre,
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ResourceFre in {
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</pre>
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<h2> Parameters </h2>
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<p>
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To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
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<pre>
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oper
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masculine : Gender ;
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feminine : Gender ;
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</pre>
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To abstract over number names, we define the following.
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<pre>
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singular : Number ;
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plural : Number ;
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</pre>
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To abstract over case names, we define the following. (Except for
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some pronouns, the accusative is equal to the nominative, the
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dative is formed by the preposition <i>à</i>, and the genitive by the
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preposition <i>de</i>.)
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<pre>
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nominative : Case ;
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accusative : Case ;
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dative : Case ;
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genitive : Case ;
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</pre>
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<h2> Nouns</h2>
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Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
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and the gender.
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<pre>
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mkN : (_,_ : Str) -> Gender -> N ; -- oeil, yeux, masculine
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</pre>
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Often it is enough with one form. Some of them have a typical gender.
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<pre>
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nReg : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- regular, e.g. maison, (maisons,) feminine
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nEau : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- eau, (eaux,) feminine
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nCas : Str -> Gender -> N ; -- cas, (cas,) masculine
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nCheval : Str -> N ; -- cheval, (chevaux, masculine)
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</pre>
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Nouns used as functions need a case and a preposition. The most common is <i>de</i>.
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<pre>
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funPrep : N -> Preposition -> Fun ;
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funCase : N -> Case -> Fun ;
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funDe : N -> Fun ;
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</pre>
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Proper names, with their gender.
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<pre>
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mkPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- Jean, masculine
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</pre>
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On the top level, it is maybe <tt>CN</tt> that is used rather than <tt>N</tt>, and
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<tt>NP</tt> rather than <tt>PN</tt>.
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<pre>
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mkCN : N -> CN ;
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mkNP : Str -> Gender -> NP ;
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</pre>
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<h2> Adjectives</h2>
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Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms in the worst case.
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A parameter tells if they are pre- or postpositions in modification.
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<pre>
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Position : Type ;
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prepos : Position ;
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postpos : Position ;
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mkAdj1 : (bon, bonne, bons, bien : Str) -> Position -> Adj1 ;
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</pre>
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Usually it is enough to give the two singular forms. Fully regular adjectives
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only need the masculine singular form.
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<pre>
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adj1Reg : Str -> Position -> Adj1 ;
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adj1Cher : (cher, chère : Str) -> Position -> Adj1 ;
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</pre>
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Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
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<pre>
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mkAdj2 : Adj1 -> Preposition -> Case -> Adj2 ; -- divisible par
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</pre>
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Comparison adjectives may need two adjectives, corresponding to the
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positive and other forms.
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<pre>
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mkAdjDeg : (bon, meilleur : Adj1) -> AdjDeg ;
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</pre>
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In the completely regular case, the comparison forms are constructed by
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the particle <i>plus</i>.
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<pre>
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aReg : Str -> Position -> AdjDeg ; -- lent (, plus lent)
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</pre>
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On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
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just to use a one-place adjective.
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<pre>
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apReg : Str -> Position -> AP ;
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</pre>
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<h2> Verbs</h2>
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<p>
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The fragment only has present tense so far, but in all persons.
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These are examples of standard conjugations are available. The full list
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of Bescherelle conjugations is given in <tt>MorphoFra.gf</tt>, with all forms
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(their type is <tt>Verbum</tt>). The present-tense forms can be extracted by the
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function <tt>extractVerb</tt>.
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<pre>
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vAimer : Str -> V ;
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vFinir : Str -> V ;
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vDormir : Str -> V ;
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vCourir : Str -> V ;
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vVenir : Str -> V ;
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extractVerb : Verbum -> V ;
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</pre>
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The verbs 'be' and 'have' are special.
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<pre>
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vEtre : V ;
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vAvoir : V ;
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</pre>
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Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
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a particle can be included in a <tt>V</tt>.
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<pre>
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mkTV : V -> Preposition -> Case -> TV ;
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tvDir : V -> TV ;
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</pre>
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The idiom with <i>avoir</i> and an invariable noun, such as <i>peur</i>, <i>faim</i>,
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and a two-place variant with <i>de</i> + complement.
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<pre>
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avoirChose : Str -> V ;
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avoirChoseDe : Str -> TV ;
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</pre>
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The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
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hidden from the document.
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</body>
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</html>
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