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107 lines
3.7 KiB
Plaintext
107 lines
3.7 KiB
Plaintext
--1 Sentence: Sentences, Clauses, and Imperatives
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abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
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--2 Clauses
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-- The $NP VP$ predication rule form a clause whose linearization
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-- gives a table of all tense variants, positive and negative.
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-- Clauses are converted to $S$ (with fixed tense) with the
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-- $UseCl$ function below.
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data
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PredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ; -- John walks
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-- Using an embedded sentence as a subject is treated separately.
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-- This can be overgenerating. E.g. "whether you go" as subject
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-- is only meaningful for some verb phrases.
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PredSCVP : SC -> VP -> Cl ; -- that she goes is good
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--2 Clauses missing object noun phrases
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-- This category is a variant of the 'slash category' $S/NP$ of
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-- GPSG and categorial grammars, which in turn replaces
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-- movement transformations in the formation of questions
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-- and relative clauses. Except $SlashV2$, the construction
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-- rules can be seen as special cases of function composition, in
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-- the style of CCG.
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-- *Note* the set is not complete and lacks e.g. verbs with more than 2 places.
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SlashVP : NP -> VPSlash -> ClSlash ; -- (whom) he sees
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AdvSlash : ClSlash -> Adv -> ClSlash ; -- (whom) he sees today
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SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> ClSlash ; -- (with whom) he walks
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SlashVS : NP -> VS -> SSlash -> ClSlash ; -- (whom) she says that he loves
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--2 Imperatives
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-- An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase.
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-- It has variation over positive and negative, singular and plural.
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-- To fix these parameters, see [Phrase Phrase.html].
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ImpVP : VP -> Imp ; -- love yourselves
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--2 Embedded sentences
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-- Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as
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-- subjects and (adverbial) complements.
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EmbedS : S -> SC ; -- that she goes
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EmbedQS : QS -> SC ; -- who goes
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EmbedVP : VP -> SC ; -- to go
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--2 Sentences
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-- These are the 2 x 4 x 4 = 16 forms generated by different
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-- combinations of tense, polarity, and
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-- anteriority, which are defined in [``Common`` Common.html].
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fun
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UseCl : Temp -> Pol -> Cl -> S ;
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UseQCl : Temp -> Pol -> QCl -> QS ;
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UseRCl : Temp -> Pol -> RCl -> RS ;
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UseSlash : Temp -> Pol -> ClSlash -> SSlash ;
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-- An adverb can be added to the beginning of a sentence, either with comma ("externally")
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-- or without:
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AdvS : Adv -> S -> S ; -- then I will go home
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ExtAdvS : Adv -> S -> S ; -- next week, I will go home
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-- This covers subjunctive clauses, but they can also be added to the end.
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SSubjS : S -> Subj -> S -> S ; -- I go home if she comes
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-- A sentence can be modified by a relative clause referring to its contents.
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RelS : S -> RS -> S ; -- she sleeps, which is good
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---- A sentence can also be post-modified by a subjunct sentence.
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---- ModSubjS : S -> Subj -> S -> S ; -- she sleeps, because she is old
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---- cf. Adverb.SubjS
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}
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--.
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-- Examples for English $S$/$Cl$:
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{-
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Pres Simul Pos ODir : he sleeps
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Pres Simul Neg ODir : he doesn't sleep
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Pres Anter Pos ODir : he has slept
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Pres Anter Neg ODir : he hasn't slept
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Past Simul Pos ODir : he slept
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Past Simul Neg ODir : he didn't sleep
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Past Anter Pos ODir : he had slept
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Past Anter Neg ODir : he hadn't slept
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Fut Simul Pos ODir : he will sleep
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Fut Simul Neg ODir : he won't sleep
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Fut Anter Pos ODir : he will have slept
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Fut Anter Neg ODir : he won't have slept
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Cond Simul Pos ODir : he would sleep
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Cond Simul Neg ODir : he wouldn't sleep
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Cond Anter Pos ODir : he would have slept
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Cond Anter Neg ODir : he wouldn't have slept
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-}
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