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557 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
557 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common
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--1 Teldi Lexical Paradigms
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resource ParadigmsTel = open
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(Predef=Predef),
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Prelude,
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ResTel,
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CatTel
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in {
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--
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----2 Parameters
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--
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oper
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-- masculine : Gender ;
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-- feminine : Gender ;
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--
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-- masculine = Masc ; feminine = Fem ; --i
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--
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--
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----2 Nouns
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--
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mkN = overload {
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mkN : Str -> N
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= \s -> wallNoun s ** {lock_N = <>} ;
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-- mkN : Str -> Gender -> N
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-- = \s,g -> reggNoun s g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
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mkN : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> Gender -> N
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= \sd,so,pd,po,g -> mkNoun sd so pd po g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
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} ;
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--
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-- mkPN = overload {
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-- mkPN : Str -> PN = \s -> let n = regNoun s in {s = n.s ! Sg ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ;
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-- mkPN : N -> Gender -> PN = \n,g -> {s = n.s ! Sg ; g = g ; lock_PN = <>} ;
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-- } ;
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--
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----2 Adjectives
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--
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-- mkA = overload {
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-- mkA : Str -> A
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-- = \s -> regAdjective s ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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-- mkA : (x1,_,x3 : Str) -> A
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-- = \msd,m,f -> mkAdjective msd m f ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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-- } ;
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--
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----2 Verbs
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--
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-- mkV = overload {
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-- mkV : Str -> V
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-- = \s -> regVerb s ** {lock_V = <>} ;
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-- mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,x15 : Str) -> V
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-- = \inf,stem,ims,imp,ifs,ifp,pms,pmp,pfs,pfp,ss1,ss2,sp2,sp3,r ->
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-- mkVerb inf stem ims imp ifs ifp pms pmp pfs pfp ss1 ss2 sp2 sp3 r **
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-- {lock_V = <>} ;
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-- } ;
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--
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--
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-- mkV2 = overload {
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-- mkV2 : Str -> V2
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-- = \s -> regVerb s ** {c2 = {s = [] ; c = VTrans} ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
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-- mkV2 : V -> V2
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-- = \v -> v ** {c2 = {s = [] ; c = VTrans} ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
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-- mkV2 : V -> Str -> V2
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-- = \v,p -> v ** {c2 = {s = p ; c = VTransPost} ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
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-- } ;
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--
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--
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------3 Compound nouns
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------
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------ A compound noun is an uninflected string attached to an inflected noun,
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------ such as "baby boom", "chief executive officer".
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----
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---- mkN : Str -> N -> N
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---- } ;
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----
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----
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------3 Relational nouns
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------
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------ Relational nouns ("daughter of x") need a preposition.
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----
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---- mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
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----
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------ The most common preposition is "of", and the following is a
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------ shortcut for regular relational nouns with "of".
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----
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---- regN2 : Str -> N2 ;
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----
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------ Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to
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------ form other prepositions.
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------
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------ Three-place relational nouns ("the connection from x to y") need two prepositions.
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----
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---- mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
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----
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----
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----
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------3 Proper names and noun phrases
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------
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------ Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed from strings.
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----
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---- mkPN : overload {
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----
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---- mkPN : Str -> PN ;
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----
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------ Sometimes a common noun can be reused as a proper name, e.g. "Bank"
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----
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---- mkPN : N -> PN
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---- } ;
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----
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----
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------2 Adjectives
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----
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---- mkA : overload {
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----
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------ For regular adjectives, the adverbial and comparison forms are derived. This holds
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------ even for cases with the variations "happy - happily - happier - happiest",
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------ "free - freely - freer - freest", and "rude - rudest".
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----
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---- mkA : (happy : Str) -> A ;
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----
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------ However, the duplication of the final consonant cannot be predicted,
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------ but a separate case is used to give the comparative
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----
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---- mkA : (fat,fatter : Str) -> A ;
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----
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------ As many as four forms may be needed.
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----
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---- mkA : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> A
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---- } ;
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----
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------ To force comparison to be formed by "more - most",
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------ the following function is used:
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----
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---- compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
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----
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----
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----
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------3 Two-place adjectives
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------
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------ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
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----
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---- mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
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----
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----
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----
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------2 Adverbs
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----
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------ Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
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------ after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. "always").
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----
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---- mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
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---- mkAdV : Str -> AdV ;
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----
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------ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
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----
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---- mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
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----
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------2 Prepositions
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------
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------ A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
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------ build $PP$s in the resource API, just requires a string.
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----
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---- mkPrep : Str -> Prep ;
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---- noPrep : Prep ;
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----
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------ (These two functions are synonyms.)
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----
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------2 Verbs
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------
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----
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------ Verbs are constructed by the function $mkV$, which takes a varying
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------ number of arguments.
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----
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---- mkV : overload {
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----
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------ The regular verb function recognizes the special cases where the last
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------ character is "y" ("cry-cries" but "buy-buys") or a sibilant
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------ ("kiss-"kisses", "jazz-jazzes", "rush-rushes", "munch - munches",
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------ "fix - fixes").
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----
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---- mkV : (cry : Str) -> V ;
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----
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------ Give the present and past forms for regular verbs where
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------ the last letter is duplicated in some forms,
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------ e.g. "rip - ripped - ripping".
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----
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---- mkV : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V ;
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----
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------ There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module $IrregularTel$.
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------ In practice, it is enough to give three forms,
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------ e.g. "drink - drank - drunk".
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----
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---- mkV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V ;
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----
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------ Irregular verbs with duplicated consonant in the present participle.
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----
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---- mkV : (run, ran, run, running : Str) -> V ;
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----
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------ Except for "be", the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and
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------ the third person singular present, the past indicative, and the
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------ past and present participles.
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----
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---- mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V
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---- };
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----
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------ Verbs with a particle.
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------ The particle, such as in "switch on", is given as a string.
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----
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---- partV : V -> Str -> V ;
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----
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------ Reflexive verbs.
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------ By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
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----
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---- reflV : V -> V ;
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----
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------3 Two-place verbs
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------
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------ Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
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------ (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.
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----
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---- mkV2 : overload {
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---- mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ; -- believe in
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---- mkV2 : V -> V2 -- kill
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---- };
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----
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------3 Three-place verbs
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------
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------ Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
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------ the first one or both can be absent.
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----
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---- mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ; -- speak, with, about
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---- dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ; -- give,_,to
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---- dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_
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----
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------3 Other complement patterns
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------
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------ Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
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------ questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
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----
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---- mkV0 : V -> V0 ;
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---- mkVS : V -> VS ;
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---- mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
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---- mkVV : V -> VV ;
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---- mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ;
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---- mkVA : V -> VA ;
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---- mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ;
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---- mkVQ : V -> VQ ;
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---- mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
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----
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---- mkAS : A -> AS ;
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---- mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
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---- mkAV : A -> AV ;
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---- mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ;
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----
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------ Notice: Categories $V0, AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
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------ $V0$ is just $V$; the second argument is treated as adverb.
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----
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---- V0 : Type ;
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---- AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
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----
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------.
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------2 Definitions of paradigms
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------
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------ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
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------ hidden from the document.
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----
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---- Gender = MorphoTel.Gender ;
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---- Number = MorphoTel.Number ;
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---- Case = MorphoTel.Case ;
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---- human = Masc ;
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---- nonhuman = Neutr ;
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---- masculine = Masc ;
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---- feminine = Fem ;
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---- singular = Sg ;
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---- plural = Pl ;
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---- nominative = Nom ;
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---- genitive = Gen ;
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----
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---- Preposition : Type = Str ; -- obsolete
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----
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---- regN = \ray ->
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---- let rays = add_s ray
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---- in
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---- mk2N ray rays ;
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----
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----
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---- add_s : Str -> Str = \w -> case w of {
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---- _ + ("io" | "oo") => w + "s" ; -- radio, bamboo
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---- _ + ("s" | "z" | "x" | "sh" | "ch" | "o") => w + "es" ; -- bus, hero
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---- _ + ("a" | "o" | "u" | "e") + "y" => w + "s" ; -- boy
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---- x + "y" => x + "ies" ; -- fly
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---- _ => w + "s" -- car
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---- } ;
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----
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---- mk2N = \man,men ->
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---- let mens = case last men of {
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---- "s" => men + "'" ;
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---- _ => men + "'s"
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---- }
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---- in
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---- mk4N man men (man + "'s") mens ;
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----
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---- mk4N = \man,men,man's,men's ->
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---- mkNoun man man's men men's ** {g = Neutr ; lock_N = <>} ;
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----
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---- genderN g man = {s = man.s ; g = g ; lock_N = <>} ;
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----
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---- compoundN s n = {s = \\x,y => s ++ n.s ! x ! y ; g=n.g ; lock_N = <>} ;
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----
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---- mkPN = overload {
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---- mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ;
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---- mkPN : N -> PN = nounPN
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---- } ;
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----
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----
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---- mkN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ;
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---- regN2 n = mkN2 (regN n) (mkPrep "of") ;
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---- mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ;
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----
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------3 Relational common noun phrases
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------
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------ In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
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------ relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of").
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----
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---- cnN2 : CN -> Prep -> N2 ;
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---- cnN3 : CN -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
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----
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------ This is obsolete.
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---- cnN2 = \n,p -> n ** {lock_N2 = <> ; c2 = p.s} ;
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---- cnN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {lock_N3 = <> ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s} ;
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----
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---- regPN n = regGenPN n human ;
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---- regGenPN n g = nameReg n g ** {g = g ; lock_PN = <>} ;
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---- nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = <>} ;
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----
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---- mk2A a b = mkAdjective a a a b ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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---- regA a = regADeg a ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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----
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---- mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p.s ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
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----
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---- ADeg = A ; ----
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----
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---- mkADeg a b c d = mkAdjective a b c d ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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----
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---- regADeg happy =
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---- let
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---- happ = init happy ;
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---- y = last happy ;
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---- happie = case y of {
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---- "y" => happ + "ie" ;
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---- "e" => happy ;
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---- _ => happy + "e"
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---- } ;
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---- happily : Str = case happy of {
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---- _ + "y" => happ + "ily" ;
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---- _ + "ll" => happy + "y" ;
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---- _ => happy + "ly"
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---- } ;
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---- in mkADeg happy (happie + "r") (happie + "st") happily ;
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----
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---- duplADeg fat =
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---- mkADeg fat
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---- (fat + last fat + "er") (fat + last fat + "est") (fat + "ly") ;
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----
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---- compoundADeg a =
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---- let ad = (a.s ! AAdj Posit)
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---- in mkADeg ad ("more" ++ ad) ("most" ++ ad) (a.s ! AAdv) ;
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----
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---- adegA a = a ;
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----
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---- mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
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---- mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
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---- mkAdA x = ss x ** {lock_AdA = <>} ;
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----
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---- mkPrep p = ss p ** {lock_Prep = <>} ;
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---- noPrep = mkPrep [] ;
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----
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---- mk5V a b c d e = mkVerb a b c d e ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
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----
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---- regV cry =
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---- let
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---- cr = init cry ;
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---- y = last cry ;
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---- cries = (regN cry).s ! Pl ! Nom ; -- !
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---- crie = init cries ;
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---- cried = case last crie of {
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---- "e" => crie + "d" ;
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---- _ => crie + "ed"
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---- } ;
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---- crying = case y of {
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---- "e" => case last cr of {
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---- "e" => cry + "ing" ;
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---- _ => cr + "ing"
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---- } ;
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---- _ => cry + "ing"
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---- }
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---- in mk5V cry cries cried cried crying ;
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----
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---- reg2V fit fitted =
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---- let fitt = Predef.tk 2 fitted ;
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---- in mk5V fit (fit + "s") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ing") ;
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----
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---- regDuplV fit =
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---- case last fit of {
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---- ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" | "y") =>
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---- Predef.error (["final duplication makes no sense for"] ++ fit) ;
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---- t =>
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---- let fitt = fit + t in
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---- mk5V fit (fit + "s") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ing")
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---- } ;
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----
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---- irregV x y z = let reg = (regV x).s in
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---- mk5V x (reg ! VPres) y z (reg ! VPresPart) ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
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----
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---- irreg4V x y z w = let reg = (regV x).s in
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---- mk5V x (reg ! VPres) y z w ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
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----
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---- irregDuplV fit y z =
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---- let
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---- fitting = (regDuplV fit).s ! VPresPart
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---- in
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---- mk5V fit (fit + "s") y z fitting ;
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----
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---- partV v p = verbPart v p ** {lock_V = <>} ;
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---- reflV v = {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; isRefl = True} ;
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----
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---- prepV2 v p = v ** {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p.s ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
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---- dirV2 v = prepV2 v noPrep ;
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----
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---- mkV3 v p q = v ** {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
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---- dirV3 v p = mkV3 v noPrep p ;
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---- dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ;
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----
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---- mkVS v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
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---- mkVV v = {
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---- s = table {VVF vf => v.s ! vf ; _ => variants {}} ;
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---- isAux = False ; lock_VV = <>
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---- } ;
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---- mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
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----
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---- V0 : Type = V ;
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------ V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type = V2 ;
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---- AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ;
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---- A2V : Type = A2 ;
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----
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---- mkV0 v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
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---- mkV2S v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ;
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---- mkV2V v p t = prepV2 v p ** {isAux = False ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
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---- mkVA v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
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---- mkV2A v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
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---- mkV2Q v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
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----
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---- mkAS v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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---- mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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---- mkAV v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
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---- mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2 = <>} ;
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----
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----
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------ pre-overload API and overload definitions
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----
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---- mk4N : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N ;
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---- regN : Str -> N ;
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---- mk2N : (man,men : Str) -> N ;
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---- genderN : Gender -> N -> N ;
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---- compoundN : Str -> N -> N ;
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----
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---- mkN = overload {
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---- mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N = mk4N ;
|
|
---- mkN : Str -> N = regN ;
|
|
---- mkN : (man,men : Str) -> N = mk2N ;
|
|
---- mkN : Gender -> N -> N = genderN ;
|
|
---- mkN : Str -> N -> N = compoundN
|
|
---- } ;
|
|
----
|
|
----
|
|
---- mk2A : (free,freely : Str) -> A ;
|
|
---- regA : Str -> A ;
|
|
----
|
|
---- mkA = overload {
|
|
---- mkA : Str -> A = regA ;
|
|
---- mkA : (fat,fatter : Str) -> A = \fat,fatter ->
|
|
---- mkAdjective fat fatter (init fatter + "st") (fat + "ly") ** {lock_A = <>} ;
|
|
---- mkA : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> A = \a,b,c,d ->
|
|
---- mkAdjective a b c d ** {lock_A = <>}
|
|
---- } ;
|
|
----
|
|
---- compoundA = compoundADeg ;
|
|
----
|
|
----
|
|
---- mk5V : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V ;
|
|
---- regV : (cry : Str) -> V ;
|
|
---- reg2V : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V;
|
|
---- irregV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V ;
|
|
---- irreg4V : (run, ran, run, running : Str) -> V ;
|
|
----
|
|
---- -- Use reg2V instead
|
|
---- regDuplV : Str -> V ;
|
|
---- -- Use irreg4V instead
|
|
---- irregDuplV : (get, got, gotten : Str) -> V ;
|
|
----
|
|
---- mkV = overload {
|
|
---- mkV : (cry : Str) -> V = regV ;
|
|
---- mkV : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V = reg2V ;
|
|
---- mkV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -> V = irregV ;
|
|
---- mkV : (run, ran, run, running : Str) -> V = irreg4V ;
|
|
---- mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V = mk5V
|
|
---- };
|
|
----
|
|
---- prepV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
|
|
---- dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
|
----
|
|
---- mkV2 = overload {
|
|
---- mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = prepV2;
|
|
---- mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2
|
|
---- };
|
|
----
|
|
----
|
|
-------- obsolete
|
|
----
|
|
------ Comparison adjectives may two more forms.
|
|
----
|
|
---- ADeg : Type ;
|
|
----
|
|
---- mkADeg : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> ADeg ;
|
|
----
|
|
------ The regular pattern recognizes two common variations:
|
|
------ "-e" ("rude" - "ruder" - "rudest") and
|
|
------ "-y" ("happy - happier - happiest - happily")
|
|
----
|
|
---- regADeg : Str -> ADeg ; -- long, longer, longest
|
|
----
|
|
------ However, the duplication of the final consonant is nor predicted,
|
|
------ but a separate pattern is used:
|
|
----
|
|
---- duplADeg : Str -> ADeg ; -- fat, fatter, fattest
|
|
----
|
|
------ If comparison is formed by "more", "most", as in general for
|
|
------ long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
|
----
|
|
---- compoundADeg : A -> ADeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
|
|
----
|
|
------ From a given $ADeg$, it is possible to get back to $A$.
|
|
----
|
|
---- adegA : ADeg -> A ;
|
|
----
|
|
----
|
|
---- regPN : Str -> PN ;
|
|
---- regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ; -- John, John's
|
|
----
|
|
------ Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. "Bank".
|
|
----
|
|
---- nounPN : N -> PN ;
|
|
----
|
|
----
|
|
----
|
|
}
|