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94 lines
3.0 KiB
HTML
94 lines
3.0 KiB
HTML
<html>
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<body>
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<i> Produced by
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gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
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(c) Aarne Ranta (aarne@cs.chalmers.se) 2002 under GNU GPL.
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</i>
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<p>
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<h1> The construction of verb phrases</h1>
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<pre>
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abstract Verb = Cat ** {
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flags coding = utf8 ;
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</pre>
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<h2> Complementization rules</h2>
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Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their
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complements. There is one rule for each verb category.
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<pre>
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data
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UseV : V -> VP ; -- sleep
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ComplVV : VV -> VP -> VP ; -- want to run
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ComplVS : VS -> S -> VP ; -- say that she runs
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ComplVQ : VQ -> QS -> VP ; -- wonder who runs
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ComplVA : VA -> AP -> VP ; -- they become red
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SlashV2a : V2 -> VPSlash ; -- love (it)
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Slash2V3 : V3 -> NP -> VPSlash ; -- give it (to her)
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Slash3V3 : V3 -> NP -> VPSlash ; -- give (it) to her
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SlashV2V : V2V -> VP -> VPSlash ; -- beg (her) to go
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SlashV2S : V2S -> S -> VPSlash ; -- answer (to him) that it is good
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SlashV2Q : V2Q -> QS -> VPSlash ; -- ask (him) who came
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SlashV2A : V2A -> AP -> VPSlash ; -- paint (it) red
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ComplSlash : VPSlash -> NP -> VP ; -- love it
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SlashVV : VV -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- want to buy
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SlashV2VNP : V2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- beg me to buy
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</pre>
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<h2> Other ways of forming verb phrases</h2>
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Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from
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copula-preceded complements.
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<pre>
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ReflVP : VPSlash -> VP ; -- love himself
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UseComp : Comp -> VP ; -- be warm
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</pre>
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Passivization of two-place verbs is another way to use
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them. In many languages, the result is a participle that
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is used as complement to a copula (<i>is used</i>), but other
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auxiliary verbs are possible (Ger. <i>wird angewendet</i>, It.
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<i>viene usato</i>), as well as special verb forms (Fin. <i>käytetään</i>,
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Swe. <i>används</i>).
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<p>
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<b>Note</b>. the rule can be overgenerating, since the <tt>V2</tt> need not
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take a direct object.
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<pre>
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PassV2 : V2 -> VP ; -- be loved
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</pre>
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Adverbs can be added to verb phrases. Many languages make
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a distinction between adverbs that are attached in the end
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vs. next to (or before) the verb.
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<pre>
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AdvVP : VP -> Adv -> VP ; -- sleep here
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AdVVP : AdV -> VP -> VP ; -- always sleep
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AdvVPSlash : VPSlash -> Adv -> VPSlash ; -- use (it) here
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AdVVPSlash : AdV -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- always use (it)
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</pre>
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<b>Agents of passives</b> are constructed as adverbs with the
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preposition [Structural Structural.html]<tt>.8agent_Prep</tt>.
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<h2> Complements to copula</h2>
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Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
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<pre>
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CompAP : AP -> Comp ; -- (be) small
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CompNP : NP -> Comp ; -- (be) the man
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CompAdv : Adv -> Comp ; -- (be) here
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CompCN : CN -> Comp ; -- (be) a man/men
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</pre>
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Copula alone
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<pre>
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UseCopula : VP ; -- be
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}
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</pre>
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</body>
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</html>
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