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139 lines
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HTML
139 lines
4.4 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
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<TITLE> Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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<I>Last update: Sat Feb 25 22:35:56 2006</I><BR>
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% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P></P>
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<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
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<P></P>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Clauses</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Imperatives</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Embedded sentences</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Sentences</A>
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</UL>
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<P></P>
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<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Produced by
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gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
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(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc1"></A>
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<H2>Clauses</H2>
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<P>
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The <CODE>NP VP</CODE> predication rule form a clause whose linearization
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gives a table of all tense variants, positive and negative.
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Clauses are converted to <CODE>S</CODE> (with fixed tense) in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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fun
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PredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ; -- John walks
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Using an embedded sentence as a subject is treated separately.
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This can be overgenerating. E.g. <I>whether you go</I> as subject
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is only meaningful for some verb phrases.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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PredSCVP : SC -> VP -> Cl ; -- that you go makes me happy
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc2"></A>
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<H2>Clauses missing object noun phrases</H2>
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<P>
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This category is a variant of the 'slash category' <CODE>S/NP</CODE> of
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GPSG and categorial grammars, which in turn replaces
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movement transformations in the formation of questions
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and relative clauses. Except <CODE>SlashV2</CODE>, the construction
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rules can be seen as special cases of function composition, in
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the style of CCG.
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<B>Note</B> the set is not complete and lacks e.g. verbs with more than 2 places.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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SlashV2 : NP -> V2 -> Slash ; -- (whom) he sees
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SlashVVV2 : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash; -- (whom) he wants to see
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AdvSlash : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ; -- (whom) he sees tomorrow
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SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ; -- (with whom) he walks
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc3"></A>
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<H2>Imperatives</H2>
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<P>
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An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase.
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It has variation over positive and negative, singular and plural.
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To fix these parameters, see <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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ImpVP : VP -> Imp ; -- go
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc4"></A>
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<H2>Embedded sentences</H2>
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<P>
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Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as
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subjects and (adverbial) complements.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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EmbedS : S -> SC ; -- that you go
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EmbedQS : QS -> SC ; -- whether you go
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EmbedVP : VP -> SC ; -- to go
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc5"></A>
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<H2>Sentences</H2>
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<P>
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These are the 2 x 4 x 4 = 16 forms generated by different
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combinations of tense, polarity, and
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anteriority, which are defined in <A HREF="Tense.html">Tense</A>.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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fun
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UseCl : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> Cl -> S ;
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UseQCl : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> QCl -> QS ;
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UseRCl : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS ;
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}
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Examples for English <CODE>S</CODE>/<CODE>Cl</CODE>:
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</P>
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<P>
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Pres Simul Pos ODir : he sleeps
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Pres Simul Neg ODir : he doesn't sleep
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Pres Anter Pos ODir : he has slept
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Pres Anter Neg ODir : he hasn't slept
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Past Simul Pos ODir : he slept
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Past Simul Neg ODir : he didn't sleep
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Past Anter Pos ODir : he had slept
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Past Anter Neg ODir : he hadn't slept
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Fut Simul Pos ODir : he will sleep
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Fut Simul Neg ODir : he won't sleep
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Fut Anter Pos ODir : he will have slept
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Fut Anter Neg ODir : he won't have slept
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Cond Simul Pos ODir : he would sleep
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Cond Simul Neg ODir : he wouldn't sleep
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Cond Anter Pos ODir : he would have slept
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Cond Anter Neg ODir : he wouldn't have slept
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</P>
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