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325 lines
13 KiB
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<HTML>
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<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
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<TITLE> Constructors: the High-Level Syntax API</TITLE>
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</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
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<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Constructors: the High-Level Syntax API</H1>
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<FONT SIZE="4">
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<I>Last update: 2006-11-27 17:15:06 CET</I><BR>
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</FONT></CENTER>
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<P></P>
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<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
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<P></P>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Texts, phrases, and utterances</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Sentences, and clauses</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Verb phrases and imperatives</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Noun phrases and determiners</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Numerals - cardinal and ordinal</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Common nouns</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectival phrases</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adverbs</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Questions and interrogative pronouns</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Relative clauses and relative pronouns</A>
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<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Objectless sentences and sentence complements</A>
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</UL>
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<P></P>
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<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
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<P></P>
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<P>
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Produced by
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gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
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(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
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</P>
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<P>
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This module gives access to (almost) all functions in the resource
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syntax API defined in <A HREF="Grammar.html">Grammar</A>. It uses overloaded
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function names to reduce the burden of remembering different names.
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</P>
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<P>
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The principle is simply:
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to construct an object of type <CODE>C</CODE>, use the function <CODE>mkC</CODE>.
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</P>
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<P>
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For example, to the object
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</P>
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<P>
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<CODE>PredVP (UsePron she_Pron) (ComplV2 love_V2 (UsePN paris_PN))</CODE>
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</P>
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<P>
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can now also be written
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</P>
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<P>
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<CODE>mkCl (mkNP she_Pron) (mkVP love_V2 (mkNP paris_PN))</CODE>
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</P>
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<P>
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In addition to exact variants of the <CODE>Grammar</CODE> functions, the module
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gives some common special cases using deeper terms and default arguments.
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An example of deeper terms is two-place coordination such as
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</P>
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<P>
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<CODE>mkNP : Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP</CODE>.
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</P>
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<P>
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An example of default arguments is present-tense sentences,
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</P>
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<P>
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<CODE>mkS : Cl -> S</CODE>.
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</P>
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<P>
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The <I>old</I> API can of course be used simultaneously with this one.
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Typically, <CODE>Grammar</CODE> and <CODE>Paradigms</CODE> are needed to be <CODE>open</CODE>ed in addition
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to this.
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</P>
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<PRE>
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incomplete resource Constructors = open Grammar in {
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oper
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc1"></A>
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<H2>Texts, phrases, and utterances</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkText : overload {
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mkText : Text ; -- [empty text]
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mkText : Phr -> Text -> Text -- John walks. ...
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} ;
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mkPhr : overload {
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mkPhr : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr; -- But go home my friend
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mkPhr : Utt -> Phr ; -- Go home
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mkPhr : S -> Phr -- I go home
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} ;
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mkUtt : overload {
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mkUtt : S -> Utt ; -- John walks
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mkUtt : QS -> Utt ; -- is it good
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mkUtt : Pol -> Imp -> Utt ; -- (don't) help yourself
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mkUtt : Imp -> Utt ; -- help yourself
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mkUtt : IP -> Utt ; -- who
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mkUtt : IAdv -> Utt ; -- why
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mkUtt : NP -> Utt ; -- this man
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mkUtt : Adv -> Utt ; -- here
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mkUtt : VP -> Utt -- to sleep
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc2"></A>
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<H2>Sentences, and clauses</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkS : overload {
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mkS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> Cl -> S ; -- John wouldn't have walked
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mkS : Cl -> S ; -- John walks
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mkS : Conj -> S -> S -> S ; -- John walks and Mary talks
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mkS : DConj -> S -> S -> S ; -- either I leave or you come
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mkS : Conj -> ListS -> S ; -- John walks, Mary talks, and Bob runs
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mkS : DConj -> ListS -> S ; -- either I leave, you come, or he runs
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mkS : Adv -> S -> S -- today, I will sleep
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} ;
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mkCl : overload {
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mkCl : NP -> VP -> Cl ; -- John walks
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mkCl : VP -> Cl ; -- it rains
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mkCl : NP -> RS -> Cl ; -- it is you who did it
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mkCl : Adv -> S -> Cl ; -- it is yesterday she arrived
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mkCl : NP -> Cl -- there is a house
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc3"></A>
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<H2>Verb phrases and imperatives</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkVP : overload {
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mkVP : V -> VP ; -- sleep
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mkVP : V2 -> NP -> VP ; -- use it
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mkVP : V3 -> NP -> NP -> VP ; -- send a message to her
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mkVP : VV -> VP -> VP ; -- want to run
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mkVP : VS -> S -> VP ; -- know that she runs
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mkVP : VQ -> QS -> VP ; -- ask if she runs
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mkVP : VA -> AP -> VP ; -- look red
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mkVP : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP ; -- paint the house red
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mkVP : AP -> VP ; -- be warm
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mkVP : NP -> VP ; -- be a man
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mkVP : Adv -> VP ; -- be here
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mkVP : VP -> Adv -> VP ; -- sleep here
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mkVP : AdV -> VP -> VP -- always sleep
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} ;
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mkImp : overload {
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mkImp : VP -> Imp ; -- go there now
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mkImp : V -> Imp ; -- go
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mkImp : V2 -> NP -> Imp -- take it
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc4"></A>
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<H2>Noun phrases and determiners</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkNP : overload {
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mkNP : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- the old man
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mkNP : Det -> N -> NP ; -- the man
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mkNP : PN -> NP ; -- John
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mkNP : Pron -> NP ; -- he
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mkNP : Predet -> NP -> NP ; -- all the men
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mkNP : NP -> V2 -> NP ; -- the number squared
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mkNP : NP -> Adv -> NP ; -- Paris at midnight
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mkNP : Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP ; -- John and Mary walk
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mkNP : DConj -> NP -> NP -> NP ; -- both John and Mary walk
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mkNP : Conj -> ListNP -> NP ; -- John, Mary, and Bill walk
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mkNP : DConj -> ListNP -> NP -- both John, Mary, and Bill walk
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} ;
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mkDet : overload {
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mkDet : QuantSg -> Ord -> Det ; -- this best (man)
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mkDet : Det ; -- the (man)
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mkDet : QuantSg -> Det ; -- this (man)
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mkDet : QuantPl -> Num -> Ord -> Det ; -- these five best (men)
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mkDet : QuantPl -> Det ; -- these (men)
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mkDet : Quant -> Det ; -- this (man)
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mkDet : Num -> Det ; -- five (men)
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mkDet : Pron -> Det -- my (house)
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc5"></A>
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<H2>Numerals - cardinal and ordinal</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkNum : overload {
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mkNum : Num ; -- [no num]
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mkNum : Int -> Num ; -- 51
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mkNum : Digit -> Num
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} ;
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mkOrd : overload {
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mkOrd : Ord ; -- [no ord]
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mkOrd : Int -> Ord ; -- 51st
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mkOrd : Digit -> Ord ; -- fifth
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mkOrd : A -> Ord -- largest
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc6"></A>
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<H2>Common nouns</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkCN : overload {
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mkCN : N -> CN ; -- house
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mkCN : N2 -> NP -> CN ; -- son of the king
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mkCN : N3 -> NP -> NP -> CN ; -- flight from Moscow (to Paris)
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mkCN : N2 -> CN ; -- son
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mkCN : N3 -> CN ; -- flight
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mkCN : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- big house
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mkCN : CN -> AP -> CN ; -- big house
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mkCN : CN -> RS -> CN ; -- house that John owns
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mkCN : CN -> Adv -> CN ; -- house on the hill
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mkCN : CN -> SC -> CN ; -- fact that John smokes, question if he does
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mkCN : CN -> NP -> CN -- number x, numbers x and y
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc7"></A>
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<H2>Adjectival phrases</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkAP : overload {
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mkAP : A -> AP ; -- warm
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mkAP : A -> NP -> AP ; -- warmer than Spain
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mkAP : A2 -> NP -> AP ; -- divisible by 2
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mkAP : A2 -> AP ; -- divisible by itself
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mkAP : AP -> SC -> AP ; -- great that she won; uncertain if she did
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mkAP : AdA -> AP -> AP ; -- very uncertain
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mkAP : Conj -> AP -> AP -> AP ; -- warm and nice
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mkAP : DConj -> AP -> AP -> AP ;-- both warm and nice
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mkAP : Conj -> ListAP -> AP ; -- warm, nice, and cheap
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mkAP : DConj -> ListAP -> AP -- both warm, nice, and cheap
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc8"></A>
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<H2>Adverbs</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkAdv : overload {
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mkAdv : A -> Adv ; -- quickly
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mkAdv : Prep -> NP -> Adv ; -- in the house
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mkAdv : CAdv -> A -> NP -> Adv ; -- more quickly than John
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mkAdv : CAdv -> A -> S -> Adv ; -- more quickly than he runs
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mkAdv : AdA -> Adv -> Adv ; -- very quickly
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mkAdv : Subj -> S -> Adv ; -- when he arrives
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mkAdv : Conj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv; -- here and now
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mkAdv : DConj -> Adv -> Adv -> Adv; -- both here and now
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mkAdv : Conj -> ListAdv -> Adv ; -- here, now, and with you
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mkAdv : DConj -> ListAdv -> Adv -- both here, now, and with you
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc9"></A>
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<H2>Questions and interrogative pronouns</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkQS : overload {
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mkQS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> QCl -> QS ; -- wouldn't John have walked
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mkQS : QCl -> QS -- does John walk
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} ;
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mkQCl : overload {
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mkQCl : Cl -> QCl ; -- does John walk
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mkQCl : IP -> VP -> QCl ; -- who walks
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mkQCl : IP -> Slash -> QCl ; -- who does John love
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mkQCl : IP -> NP -> V2 -> QCl ; -- who does John love
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mkQCl : IAdv -> Cl -> QCl ; -- why does John walk
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mkQCl : Prep -> IP -> Cl -> QCl ; -- with whom does John walk
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mkQCl : IAdv -> NP -> QCl ; -- where is John
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mkQCl : IP -> QCl -- which houses are there
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} ;
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mkIP : overload {
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mkIP : IDet -> Num -> Ord -> CN -> IP ; -- which five best songs
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mkIP : IDet -> N -> IP ; -- which song
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mkIP : IP -> Adv -> IP -- who in Europe
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc10"></A>
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<H2>Relative clauses and relative pronouns</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkRS : overload {
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mkRS : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS ; -- who wouldn't have walked
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mkRS : RCl -> RS -- who walks
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} ;
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mkRCl : overload {
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mkRCl : Cl -> RCl ; -- such that John loves her
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mkRCl : RP -> VP -> RCl ; -- who loves John
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mkRCl : RP -> Slash -> RCl -- whom John loves
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} ;
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mkRP : overload {
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mkRP : RP ; -- which
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mkRP : Prep -> NP -> RP -> RP -- all the roots of which
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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<A NAME="toc11"></A>
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<H2>Objectless sentences and sentence complements</H2>
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<PRE>
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mkSlash : overload {
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mkSlash : NP -> V2 -> Slash ; -- (whom) he sees
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mkSlash : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash ; -- (whom) he wants to see
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mkSlash : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ; -- (whom) he sees tomorrow
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mkSlash : Cl -> Prep -> Slash -- (with whom) he walks
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} ;
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mkSC : overload {
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mkSC : S -> SC ; -- that you go
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mkSC : QS -> SC ; -- whether you go
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mkSC : VP -> SC -- to go
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} ;
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</PRE>
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<P></P>
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