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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>GF - Grammatical Framework</title>
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<meta name="keywords" content="machine translation">
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<link rel="alternate" href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/" title="GF GitHub repository">
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<body>
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<div class="container-fluid my-5" style="max-width:1200px">
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<div class="text-center">
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<img style="height:250px" src="doc/Logos/gf1.svg" alt="GF Logo">
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<h1 class="display-4" style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 5px #999;">Grammatical Framework</h1>
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<h4 class="text-black-50">A programming language for multilingual grammar applications</h4>
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</div>
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<div class="row mt-4">
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<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 mb-4">
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<h3>Get started</h3>
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<ul class="mb-2">
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<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1LFbDQhbso">Google Tech Talk</a></li>
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<li>
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<a href="//cloud.grammaticalframework.org/">
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GF Cloud
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<img src="src/www/P/gf-cloud.png" style="height:30px" class="ml-2" alt="Cloud logo">
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</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a>
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/
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<a href="lib/doc/rgl-tutorial/index.html">RGL Tutorial</a>
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</li>
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<li><a href="doc/gf-video-tutorials.html">Video Tutorials</a></li>
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</ul>
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<a href="download/index.html" class="btn btn-primary ml-3">
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<i class="fas fa-download mr-1"></i>
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Download GF
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 mb-4">
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<h3>Learn more</h3>
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<ul class="mb-2">
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<li><a href="gf-book">The GF Book</a></li>
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<li><a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference Manual</a></li>
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<li><a href="doc/gf-shell-reference.html">Shell Reference</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu/sites/default/files/MOLTO_D2.3.pdf">Best Practices</a> <small>[PDF]</small></li>
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<li><a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COLI_a_00378">Scaling Up (Computational Linguistics 2020)</a></li>
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</ul>
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<a href="lib/doc/synopsis/index.html" class="btn btn-primary ml-3">
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<i class="fab fa-readme mr-1"></i>
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RGL Synopsis
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 mb-4">
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<h3>Develop</h3>
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<ul class="mb-2">
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<li><a href="doc/gf-developers.html">Developers Guide</a></li>
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<!-- <li><a href="/~hallgren/gf-experiment/browse/">Browse Source Code</a></li> -->
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<li>PGF library API:<br>
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<a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/docs/PGF.html">Haskell</a> /
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<a href="doc/runtime-api.html">C runtime</a>
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</li>
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<li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf/docs/GF.html">GF compiler API</a></li>
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<!-- <li><a href="src/ui/android/README">GF on Android (new)</a></li>
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<li><a href="/android/">GF on Android (old) </a></li> -->
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<li><a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">Text Editor Support</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.grammaticalframework.org/~john/rgl-browser/">RGL source browser</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-3 mb-4">
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<h3>Contribute</h3>
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<ul class="mb-2">
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<li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">Mailing List</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
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<li><a href="doc/gf-people.html">Authors</a></li>
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<li><a href="//school.grammaticalframework.org/2020/">Summer School</a></li>
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</ul>
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<a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/" class="btn btn-primary ml-3">
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<i class="fab fa-github mr-1"></i>
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GF on GitHub
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</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2>What is GF?</h2>
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<p>
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GF, Grammatical Framework, is a programming language for
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<strong>multilingual grammar applications</strong>. It is
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>a <strong>special-purpose language for grammars</strong>, like
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<a href="http://dinosaur.compilertools.net/yacc/">YACC</a>,
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<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/">Bison</a>,
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<a href="http://www.haskell.org/happy/">Happy</a>,
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<a href="http://bnfc.digitalgrammars.com/">BNFC</a>,
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but not restricted to programming languages
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</li>
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<li>a <strong>functional programming language</strong>, like
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<a href="http://www.haskell.org/">Haskell</a>,
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)">Lisp</a>,
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<a href="http://ocaml.org/">OCaml</a>,
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<a href="http://www.smlnj.org/">SML</a>,
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<a href="http://schemers.org/">Scheme</a>,
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but specialized to grammar writing
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</li>
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<li>a <strong>development platform for natural language grammars</strong>, like
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<a href="http://moin.delph-in.net/LkbTop">LKB</a>,
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<a href="http://www2.parc.com/isl/groups/nltt/xle/">XLE</a>,
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<a href="http://www.issco.unige.ch/en/research/projects/regulus/news.shtml">Regulus</a>,
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but based on functional programming and type theory
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</li>
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<li>a <strong>categorial grammar formalism</strong>, like
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<a href="http://www.loria.fr/equipes/calligramme/acg/">ACG</a>,
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<a href="http://openccg.sourceforge.net/">CCG</a>,
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but specialized for multilingual grammars,
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</li>
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<li>a <strong>logical framework</strong>, like
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<a href="http://wiki.portal.chalmers.se/agda/pmwiki.php">Agda</a>,
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<a href="http://coq.inria.fr/">Coq</a>,
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<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/Isabelle/">Isabelle</a>,
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but equipped with concrete syntax in addition to logic
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</li>
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<li>a <strong>platform for machine translation</strong>, like
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<a href="http://www.statmt.org/moses/">Moses</a>,
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<a href="http://www.apertium.org/">Apertium</a>,
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but based on deep structural analysis (and usually applied for
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limited fragments of language).
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Don't worry if you don't know most of the references above - but if you do know at
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least one, it may help you to get a first idea of what GF is.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-md-6">
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<h2>Applications & Availability</h2>
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<p>
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GF can be used for building
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<a href="//cloud.grammaticalframework.org/translator/">translation systems</a>,
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<a href="//cloud.grammaticalframework.org/minibar/minibar.html">multilingual web gadgets</a>,
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<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">natural-language interfaces</a>,
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<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bfaYHWS6zU">dialogue systems</a>, and
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<a href="lib/doc/synopsis/index.html">natural language resources</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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GF is <strong>open-source</strong>, licensed under <a href="LICENSE">GPL</a> (the program) and
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<a href="LICENSE">LGPL</a> and <a href="LICENSE">BSD</a> (the libraries). It
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is available for
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Linux</li>
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<li>macOS</li>
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<li>Windows</li>
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<li>Android mobile platform (via Java; runtime)</li>
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<li>iOS mobile platform (iPhone, iPad)</li>
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<li>via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser (runtime)</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Programming in GF</h2>
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<p>
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GF is easy to learn by following the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">tutorial</a>.
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You can write your first translator in 15 minutes.
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</p>
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<p>
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GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler.
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Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different
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formats. These components can then be embedded in applications written
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in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Haskell</li>
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<li>Java, in particular the Android platform</li>
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<li>JavaScript</li>
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<li>Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>static type checking</li>
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<li>higher-order functions</li>
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<li>dependent types</li>
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<li>pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions</li>
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<li>module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Getting help</h3>
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<p>
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If you need some help with GF, the first places to start are the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a> and <a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference</a> pages.
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The printed <a href="gf-book">book</a> contains all the material in the tutorial and some extra bits, and is the recommended reference for GF.
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</p>
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<p>
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We run the IRC channel <strong><code>#gf</code></strong> on the Libera network, where you are welcome to look for help with small questions or just start a general discussion.
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You can <a href="https://web.libera.chat/?channels=#gf">open a web chat</a>
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or <a href="https://www.grammaticalframework.org/irc/?C=M;O=D">browse the channel logs</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you have a larger question which the community may benefit from, we recommend you ask it on the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">mailing list</a>.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="col-md-6">
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<h2>News</h2>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2021-07-25</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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<strong>GF 3.11 released.</strong>
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<a href="download/release-3.11.html">Release notes</a>
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</dd>
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<dl class="row">
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2021-05-05</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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<a href="https://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/wordnet/">GF WordNet</a> now supports languages for which there are no other WordNets. New additions: Afrikaans, German, Korean, Maltese, Polish, Somali, Swahili.
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</dd>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2021-03-01</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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<a href="//school.grammaticalframework.org/2020/">Seventh GF Summer School</a>, in Singapore and online, 26 July – 6 August 2021.
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</dd>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2020-09-29</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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<a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/COLI_a_00378">Abstract Syntax as Interlingua</a>: Scaling Up the Grammatical Framework from Controlled Languages to Robust Pipelines. A paper in Computational Linguistics (2020) summarizing much of the development in GF in the past ten years.
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</dd>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2018-12-03</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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<a href="//school.grammaticalframework.org/2018/">Sixth GF Summer School</a> in Stellenbosch (South Africa), 3–14 December 2018
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</dd>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2018-12-02</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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<strong>GF 3.10 released.</strong>
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<a href="download/release-3.10.html">Release notes</a>
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</dd>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2018-07-25</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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The GF repository has been split in two:
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<a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core">gf-core</a> and
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<a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl">gf-rgl</a>.
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The original <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF">GF</a> repository is now archived.
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</dd>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2017-08-11</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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<strong>GF 3.9 released.</strong>
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<a href="download/release-3.9.html">Release notes</a>
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</dd>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2017-06-29</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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GF is moving to <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/">GitHub</a>.</dd>
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<dt class="col-sm-3 text-center text-nowrap">2017-03-13</dt>
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<dd class="col-sm-9">
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<a href="//school.grammaticalframework.org/2017/">GF Summer School</a> in Riga (Latvia), 14-25 August 2017
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h2>Projects</h2>
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<p>
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GF was first created in 1998 at
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<a href="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/">Xerox Research Centre Europe</a>,
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Grenoble, in the project
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Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including
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a restaurant phrase book,
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a database query system,
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a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and
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an authoring system for medical drug descriptions.
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</p>
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<p>
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Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">GF-Alfa</a>:
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natural language interface to formal proofs
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://efficient.citi.tudor.lu/index_noframe.html">Efficient</a>:
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authoring tool for business models.
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.key-project.org/">GF-KeY</a>:
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authoring and translation of software specifications
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.talk-project.org">TALK</a>:
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multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/">WebALT</a>:
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multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project)
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://spraakbanken.gu.se/sal/">SALDO</a>:
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Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and
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<a href="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/alumni/markus/FM/">Functional Morphology</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="//www.molto-project.eu">MOLTO</a>:
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multilingual online translation
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="//remu.grammaticalframework.org">REMU</a>:
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reliable multilingual digital communication
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</li>
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</ul>
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<!-- <p>
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Here is a <a
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href="http://videos.xrce.xerox.com/index.php/videos/index/618">talk
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about GF at XRCE</a>,
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14 years later.
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</p> -->
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<p>
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Academically, GF has been used in at least ten PhD theses and resulted
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in more than a hundred scientific publications.
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<!-- (see <a href="doc/gf-bibliography.html">GF publication list</a>). -->
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</p>
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<h2>Libraries</h2>
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<p>
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Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language
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applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in
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syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The
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<a href="lib/doc/synopsis/index.html">GF resource grammar library</a> has
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support for an increasing number of languages, currently including
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Afrikaans,
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Amharic (partial),
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Arabic (partial),
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Basque (partial),
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Bulgarian,
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Catalan,
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Chinese,
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Czech (partial),
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Danish,
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Dutch,
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English,
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Estonian,
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Finnish,
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French,
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German,
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Greek ancient (partial),
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Greek modern,
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Hebrew (fragments),
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Hindi,
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Hungarian (partial),
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Interlingua,
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Italian,
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Japanese,
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Korean (partial),
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Latin (partial),
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Latvian,
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Maltese,
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Mongolian,
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Nepali,
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Norwegian bokmål,
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Norwegian nynorsk,
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Persian,
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Polish,
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Punjabi,
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Romanian,
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Russian,
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Sindhi,
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Slovak (partial),
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Slovene (partial),
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Somali (partial),
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Spanish,
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Swahili (fragments),
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Swedish,
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Thai,
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Turkish (fragments),
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and
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Urdu.
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</p>
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<p>
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Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9
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months - contributions
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are welcome! You can start with the <a href="lib/doc/rgl-tutorial/index.html">resource grammarian's tutorial</a>.
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</p>
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</div><!-- .col-6 -->
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</div><!-- .row -->
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</div><!-- .container -->
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<footer class="bg-light mt-5 py-4">
|
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<div class="container mb-3">
|
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<div class="text-center text-muted">
|
||
<img style="height:50px; filter: opacity(.5) grayscale(1);" class="mb-3" src="doc/Logos/gf0.svg" alt="GF Logo"><br>
|
||
Grammatical Framework is free and open source,<br>
|
||
with some support from <a href="https://www.digitalgrammars.com/">Digital Grammars AB</a>.
|
||
</div>
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</div>
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</footer>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
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document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
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</script>
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<script type="text/javascript">
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try {
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var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-7811807-3");
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pageTracker._trackPageview();
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} catch(err) {}</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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