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gf-core/lib/resource/finnish/MorphoFin.gf
2005-08-07 07:57:48 +00:00

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--# -path=.:../../prelude
--1 A Simple Finnish Resource Morphology
--
-- Aarne Ranta 2002
--
-- This resource morphology contains definitions needed in the resource
-- syntax. It moreover contains the most usual inflectional patterns.
--
-- We use the parameter types and word classes defined in $TypesFin.gf$.
resource MorphoFin = TypesFin ** open Prelude in {
--- flags optimize=noexpand ;
--2 Nouns
--
oper
NounH : Type = {
a,vesi,vede,vete,vetta,veteen,vetii,vesii,vesien,vesia,vesiin : Str
} ;
-- worst-case macro
mkSubst : Str -> (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> NounH =
\a,vesi,vede,vete,vetta,veteen,vetii,vesii,vesien,vesia,vesiin ->
{a = a ;
vesi = vesi ;
vede = vede ;
vete = vete ;
vetta = vetta ;
veteen = veteen ;
vetii = vetii ;
vesii = vesii ;
vesien = vesien ;
vesia = vesia ;
vesiin = vesiin
} ;
nhn : NounH -> CommonNoun = \nh ->
let
a = nh.a ;
vesi = nh.vesi ;
vede = nh.vede ;
vete = nh.vete ;
vetta = nh.vetta ;
veteen = nh.veteen ;
vetii = nh.vetii ;
vesii = nh.vesii ;
vesien = nh.vesien ;
vesia = nh.vesia ;
vesiin = nh.vesiin
in
{s = table {
NCase Sg Nom => vesi ;
NCase Sg Gen => vede + "n" ;
NCase Sg Part => vetta ;
NCase Sg Transl => vede + "ksi" ;
NCase Sg Ess => vete + ("n" + a) ;
NCase Sg Iness => vede + ("ss" + a) ;
NCase Sg Elat => vede + ("st" + a) ;
NCase Sg Illat => veteen ;
NCase Sg Adess => vede + ("ll" + a) ;
NCase Sg Ablat => vede + ("lt" + a) ;
NCase Sg Allat => vede + "lle" ;
NCase Sg Abess => vede + ("tt" + a) ;
NCase Pl Nom => vede + "t" ;
NCase Pl Gen => vesien ;
NCase Pl Part => vesia ;
NCase Pl Transl => vesii + "ksi" ;
NCase Pl Ess => vetii + ("n" + a) ;
NCase Pl Iness => vesii + ("ss" + a) ;
NCase Pl Elat => vesii + ("st" + a) ;
NCase Pl Illat => vesiin ;
NCase Pl Adess => vesii + ("ll" + a) ;
NCase Pl Ablat => vesii + ("lt" + a) ;
NCase Pl Allat => vesii + "lle" ;
NCase Pl Abess => vesii + ("tt" + a) ;
NComit => vetii + "ne" ;
NInstruct => vesii + "n" ;
NPossNom => vete ;
NPossGenPl => Predef.tk 1 vesien ;
NPossTransl Sg => vede + "kse" ;
NPossTransl Pl => vesii + "kse" ;
NPossIllat Sg => Predef.tk 1 veteen ;
NPossIllat Pl => Predef.tk 1 vesiin
}
} ;
-- A user-friendly variant takes existing forms and infers the vowel harmony.
mkNoun : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> CommonNoun =
\talo,talon,talona,taloa,taloon,taloina,taloissa,talojen,taloja,taloihin ->
nhn (mkSubst (ifTok Str (Predef.dp 1 talona) "a" "a" "ä")
talo (Predef.tk 1 talon) (Predef.tk 2 talona) taloa taloon
(Predef.tk 2 taloina) (Predef.tk 3 taloissa) talojen taloja taloihin) ;
-- Regular heuristics.
{-
regNounH : Str -> NounH = \vesi ->
let
esi = Predef.dp 3 vesi ; -- analysis: suffixes
si = Predef.dp 2 esi ;
i = last si ;
s = init si ;
a = if_then_Str (pbool2bool (Predef.occurs "aou" vesi)) "a" "ä" ;
ves = init vesi ; -- synthesis: prefixes
vet = strongGrade ves ;
ve = init ves ;
in
case esi of {
"uus" | "yys" => sRakkaus vesi ;
"nen" => sNainen (Predef.tk 3 vesi + ("st" + a)) ;
_ => case si of {
"aa" | "ee" | "ii" | "oo" | "uu" | "yy" | "ää" | "öö" => sPuu vesi ;
"ie" | "uo" | "yö" => sSuo vesi ;
"ea" | "eä" =>
mkSubst
a
vesi (vesi) (vesi) (vesi + a) (vesi + a+"n")
(ves + "i") (ves + "i") (ves + "iden") (ves + "it"+a)
(ves + "isiin") ;
"is" => sNauris (vesi + ("t" + a)) ;
"ut" | "yt" => sRae vesi (ves + ("en" + a)) ;
"as" | "äs" => sRae vesi (vet + (a + "n" + a)) ;
"ar" | "är" => sRae vesi (vet + ("ren" + a)) ;
_ => case i of {
"n" => sLiitin vesi (vet + "men") ;
"s" => sTilaus vesi (ves + ("ksen" + a)) ;
"i" => sBaari (vesi + a) ;
"e" => sRae vesi (strongGrade vesi + "en" + a) ;
"a" | "o" | "u" | "y" | "ä" | "ö" => sLukko vesi ;
_ => sLinux (vesi + "i" + a)
}
}
} ;
reg2NounH : (savi,savia : Str) -> NounH = \savi,savia ->
let
savit = regNounH savi ;
ia = Predef.dp 2 savia ;
i = init ia ;
a = last ia ;
o = last savi ;
savin = weakGrade savi + "n" ;
in
case <o,ia> of {
<"i","ia"> => sArpi savi ;
<"i","iä"> => sSylki savi ;
<"i","ta"> | <"i","tä"> => sTohtori (savi + a) ;
<"o","ta"> | <"ö","tä"> => sRadio savi ;
<"a","ta"> | <"ä","tä"> => sPeruna savi ;
<"a","ia"> | <"a","ja"> => sKukko savi savin savia ;
_ => savit
} ;
-}
-- Here some useful special cases; more will be given in $paradigms.Fin.gf$.
--
-- Nouns with partitive "a"/"ä" ;
-- to account for grade and vowel alternation, three forms are usually enough
-- Examples: "talo", "kukko", "huippu", "koira", "kukka", "syylä",...
sKukko : (_,_,_ : Str) -> NounH = \kukko,kukon,kukkoja ->
let {
o = Predef.dp 1 kukko ;
a = Predef.dp 1 kukkoja ;
kukkoj = Predef.tk 1 kukkoja ;
i = Predef.dp 1 kukkoj ;
ifi = ifTok Str i "i" ;
kukkoi = ifi kukkoj (Predef.tk 1 kukkoj) ;
e = Predef.dp 1 kukkoi ;
kukoi = Predef.tk 2 kukon + Predef.dp 1 kukkoi
}
in
mkSubst a
kukko
(Predef.tk 1 kukon)
kukko
(kukko + a)
(kukko + o + "n")
(kukkoi + ifi "" "i")
(kukoi + ifi "" "i")
(ifTok Str e "e" (Predef.tk 1 kukkoi + "ien") (kukkoi + ifi "en" "jen"))
kukkoja
(kukkoi + ifi "in" "ihin") ;
sLukko : Str -> NounH = \lukko ->
let
o = last lukko ;
lukk = init lukko ;
a = getHarmony o ;
lukkoja = case o of {
"a" => lukk + if_then_Str (pbool2bool (Predef.occurs "ou" lukk)) "ia" "oja" ;
"ä" => lukk + "iä" ;
_ => lukko + "j" + a
}
in
sKukko lukko (weakGrade lukko + "n") lukkoja ;
-- The special case with no alternations.
sTalo : Str -> NounH = sLukko ;
sBaari : Str -> NounH = \baaria ->
let
baari = Predef.tk 1 baaria ;
baar = Predef.tk 1 baari ;
a = getHarmony (Predef.dp 1 baaria)
in
sKukko baari (weakGrade baari + "n") (baar + ("ej" + a)) ;
sKorpi : (_,_,_ : Str) -> NounH = \korpi,korven,korpena ->
let
a = Predef.dp 1 korpena ;
korpe = Predef.tk 2 korpena ;
korp = init korpi ;
korpea = case last korp of {
"r" | "l" | "n" => korp + "t" + a ;
_ => korpe + a
} ;
korve = Predef.tk 1 korven ;
korvi = Predef.tk 1 korve + "i" ;
korpien = case last korp of {
"r" | "l" | "n" => korp + "ten" ;
_ => korpi + "en"
} ;
in
mkSubst a
korpi
korve
korpe
korpea
(korpe + "en")
korpi
korvi
korpien
(korpi + a)
(korpi + "in") ;
sArpi : Str -> NounH = \arpi ->
sKorpi arpi (init (weakGrade arpi) + "en") (init arpi + "ena") ;
sSylki : Str -> NounH = \sylki ->
sKorpi sylki (init (weakGrade sylki) + "en") (init sylki + "enä") ;
sKoira : Str -> NounH = \koira ->
let a = getHarmony (last koira) in
sKukko koira (koira + "n") (init koira + "i" + a) ;
-- Loan words ending in consonants are actually similar to words like
-- "malli"/"mallin"/"malleja", with the exception that the "i" is not attached
-- to the singular nominative.
sLinux : Str -> NounH = \linuxia ->
let {
linux = Predef.tk 2 linuxia ;
a = getHarmony (Predef.dp 1 linuxia) ;
linuxi = linux + "i"
} in
mkSubst a
linux
linuxi
linuxi
(linuxi + a)
(linuxi + "in")
(linux + "ei")
(linux + "ei")
(linux + "ien")
(linux + "ej" + a)
(linux + "eihin") ;
-- Nouns of at least 3 syllables ending with "a" or "ä", like "peruna", "rytinä".
sPeruna : Str -> NounH = \peruna ->
let {
a = Predef.dp 1 peruna ;
perun = Predef.tk 1 peruna ;
perunoi = perun + (ifTok Str a "a" "o" "ö" + "i")
}
in
mkSubst a
peruna
peruna
peruna
(peruna + a)
(peruna + a + "n")
perunoi
perunoi
(perunoi + "den")
(perunoi + ("t" + a))
(perunoi + "hin") ;
sTohtori : Str -> NounH = \tohtoria ->
let
a = last tohtoria ;
tohtori = init tohtoria ;
tohtorei = init tohtori + "ei" ;
in
mkSubst a
tohtori
tohtori
tohtori
tohtoria
(tohtori + "in")
tohtorei
tohtorei
(tohtorei + "den")
(tohtorei + "t" + a)
(tohtorei + "hin") ;
sRadio : Str -> NounH = \radio ->
let
o = last radio ;
a = getHarmony o ;
radioi = radio + "i" ;
in
mkSubst a
radio
radio
radio
(radio + "t" + a)
(radio + o + "n")
radioi
radioi
(radioi + "den")
(radioi + "t" + a)
(radioi + "hin") ;
-- Surpraisingly, making the test for the partitive, this not only covers
-- "rae", "perhe", "savuke", but also "rengas", "lyhyt" (except $Sg Illat$), etc.
sRae : (_,_ : Str) -> NounH = \rae,rakeena ->
let {
a = Predef.dp 1 rakeena ;
rakee = Predef.tk 2 rakeena ;
rakei = Predef.tk 1 rakee + "i" ;
raet = rae + (ifTok Str (Predef.dp 1 rae) "e" "t" [])
}
in
mkSubst a
rae
rakee
rakee
(raet + ("t" + a))
(rakee + "seen")
rakei
rakei
(rakei + "den")
(rakei + ("t" + a))
(rakei + "siin") ;
sSusi : (_,_,_ : Str) -> NounH = \susi,suden,sutena ->
let
a = Predef.dp 1 sutena ;
sude = Predef.tk 1 suden ;
sute = Predef.tk 2 sutena ;
sutt = Predef.tk 1 sute + "t"
in
mkSubst a
susi
sude
sute
(sutt + a)
(sute + "en")
susi
susi
(sutt + "en") --- var susi + "en" bad with suuri
(susi + a)
(susi + "in") ;
sPuu : Str -> NounH = \puu ->
let {
u = Predef.dp 1 puu ;
a = getHarmony u ;
pu = Predef.tk 1 puu ;
pui = pu + "i"
}
in
mkSubst a
puu
puu
puu
(puu + ("t" + a))
(puu + ("h" + u + "n"))
pui
pui
(pui + "den")
(pui + ("t" + a))
(pui + "hin") ;
sSuo : Str -> NounH = \suo ->
let {
o = Predef.dp 1 suo ;
a = getHarmony o ;
soi = Predef.tk 2 suo + (o + "i")
}
in
mkSubst a
suo
suo
suo
(suo + ("t" + a))
(suo + ("h" + o + "n"))
soi
soi
(soi + "den")
(soi + ("t" + a))
(soi + "hin") ;
-- Here in fact it is handy to use the partitive form as the only stem.
sNainen : Str -> NounH = \naista ->
let {
nainen = Predef.tk 3 naista + "nen" ;
nais = Predef.tk 2 naista ;
naise = nais + "e" ;
naisi = nais + "i" ;
a = Predef.dp 1 naista
}
in
mkSubst a
nainen
naise
naise
(nais + ("t" + a))
(nais + "een")
naisi
naisi
(nais + "ten")
(nais + ("i" + a))
(nais + "iin") ;
-- The following covers: "tilaus", "kaulin", "paimen", "laidun", "sammal",
-- "kyynel" (excep $Sg Iness$ for the last two?).
sTilaus : (_,_ : Str) -> NounH = \tilaus, tilauksena ->
let {
tilauks = Predef.tk 3 tilauksena ;
tilaukse = tilauks + "e" ;
tilauksi = tilauks + "i" ;
a = Predef.dp 1 tilauksena
}
in
mkSubst a
tilaus
tilaukse
tilaukse
(tilaus + ("t" + a))
(tilauks + "een")
tilauksi
tilauksi
(tilaus + "ten")
(tilauks + ("i" + a))
(tilauks + "iin") ;
-- Some words have the three grades ("rakkaus","rakkauden","rakkautena"), which
-- are however derivable from the stem.
sRakkaus : Str -> NounH = \rakkaus ->
let {
rakkau = Predef.tk 1 rakkaus ;
rakkaut = rakkau + "t" ;
rakkaute = rakkau + "te" ;
rakkaude = rakkau + "de" ;
rakkauksi = rakkau + "ksi" ;
u = Predef.dp 1 rakkau ;
a = ifTok Str u "u" "a" "ä"
}
in
mkSubst a
rakkaus
rakkaude
rakkaute
(rakkaut + ("t" + a))
(rakkaut + "een")
rakkauksi
rakkauksi
(rakkauksi + "en")
(rakkauksi + a)
(rakkauksi + "in") ;
-- The following covers nouns like "nauris" and adjectives like "kallis", "tyyris".
sNauris : (_ : Str) -> NounH = \naurista ->
let {
a = Predef.dp 1 naurista ;
nauris = Predef.tk 2 naurista ;
nauri = Predef.tk 3 naurista ;
i = Predef.dp 1 nauri ;
naurii = nauri + i ;
naurei = nauri + "i"
}
in
mkSubst a
nauris
naurii
naurii
(nauris + ("t" + a))
(naurii + "seen")
naurei
naurei
(naurei + "den")
(naurei + ("t" + a))
(naurei + "siin") ;
-- Words of the form "siitin", "avain", "höyhen" (w or wo grade alternation).
sLiitin : Str -> Str -> NounH = \liitin,liittimen ->
let
liittime = init liittimen ;
liitti = Predef.tk 2 liittime ;
m = last (init liittime) ;
liittimi = liitti + m + "i" ;
a = vowelHarmony liitin ;
in
mkSubst a
liitin
liittime
liittime
(liitin + "t" + a)
(liittime + "en")
(liittimi)
(liittimi)
(liittimi + "en")
(liittimi + a)
(liittimi + "in") ;
-- The following covers adjectives like "kapea", "leveä".
sKapea : (_ : Str) -> NounH = \kapea ->
let
a = last kapea ;
kape = init kapea ;
kapei = kape + "i"
in
mkSubst a
kapea
kapea
kapea
(kapea + a)
(kapea + a+"n")
kapei
kapei
(kapei + "den")
(kapei + ("t" + a))
(kapei + "siin") ;
-- The following two are used for adjective comparison.
sSuurempi : Str -> NounH = \suurempaa ->
let {
a = Predef.dp 1 suurempaa ;
suure = Predef.tk 4 suurempaa ;
suurempi = suure + "mpi" ;
suurempa = suure + ("mp" + a) ;
suuremm = suure + "mm"
}
in
mkSubst a
suurempi
(suuremm + a)
suurempa
(suurempa + a)
(suurempa + (a + "n"))
suurempi
(suuremm + "i")
(suurempi + "en")
(suurempi + a)
(suurempi + "in") ;
sSuurin : Str -> NounH = \suurinta ->
let {
a = Predef.dp 1 suurinta ;
suuri = Predef.tk 3 suurinta ;
suurin = suuri + "n" ;
suurimma = suuri + ("mm" + a) ;
suurimpa = suuri + ("mp" + a) ;
suurimpi = suuri + "mpi" ;
suurimmi = suuri + "mmi"
}
in
mkSubst a
suurin
suurimma
suurimpa
(suurin + ("t" + a))
(suurimpa + (a + "n"))
suurimpi
suurimmi
(suurimpi + "en")
(suurimpi + a)
(suurimpi + "in") ;
-- This auxiliary resolves vowel harmony from a given letter.
getHarmony : Str -> Str = \u -> case u of {
"a" => "a" ;
"o" => "a" ;
"u" => "a" ;
_ => "ä"
} ;
-- This function inspects the whole word.
vowelHarmony : Str -> Str = \liitin ->
if_then_Str (pbool2bool (Predef.occurs "aou" liitin)) "a" "ä" ;
-- The following function defines how grade alternation works if it is active.
-- In general, *whether there is* grade alternation must be given in the lexicon
-- (cf. "auto - auton" not "audon"; "vihje - vihjeen" not "vihkeen").
weakGrade : Str -> Str = \kukko ->
let {
kukk = init kukko ;
ku = Predef.tk 3 kukko ;
kul = Predef.tk 2 kukko ;
kk = init (Predef.dp 3 kukko) ;
k = last kk ;
o = last kukko ;
kuk = case kk of {
"kk" => ku + "k" ;
"pp" => ku + "p" ;
"tt" => ku + "t" ;
"nk" => ku + "ng" ;
"nt" => ku + "nn" ;
"mp" => ku + "mm" ;
"rt" => ku + "rr" ;
"lt" => ku + "ll" ;
"lk" => kul + case o of {
"i" | "e" => "j" ;
_ => ""
} ;
"rk" => kul + case o of {
"i" | "e" => "j" ;
_ => ""
} ;
"hk" | "tk" => kukk ; -- *tahko-tahon, *pitkä-pitkän
"sk" => kukk ; -- *lasku-lasvun
"sp" => kukk ; -- *raspi-rasvin
"st" => kukk ; -- *lastu-lasdun
_ => case k of {
"k" => case o of {
"u" => kul + "v" ;
_ => kul
};
"p" => kul + "v" ;
"t" => kul + "d" ;
_ => kukk
}
}
}
in kuk + o ;
--- This is only used to analyse nouns "rae", "hake", etc.
strongGrade : Str -> Str = \hake ->
let
hak = init hake ;
ha = init hak ;
k = last hak ;
e = last hake ;
ly = Predef.tk 2 hak ;
hd = Predef.dp 2 hak ;
ifE : Str -> Str = \hant -> ifTok Str e "e" hant hak ;
hakk =
case hd of {
"ng" => ha + "k" ;
"nn" => ha + "t" ;
"mm" => ha + "p" ;
"rr" => ha + "t" ;
"ll" => ha + "t" ;
"lj" => ifE (ha + "k") ; -- paljas-paljaan
"hk" | "sk" | "sp" | "st" => hak ;
_ => -- vihje/pohje: impossible to infer
case k of {
"k" => hak + "k" ;
"p" => hak + "p" ;
"t" => hak + "t" ;
"d" => ha + "t" ;
"v" => ha + "p" ; -- rove/hyve impossible
"a" | "ä" => hak + "k" ;
_ => hak
}
}
in hakk + e ;
--3 Proper names
--
-- Proper names are similar to common nouns in the singular.
mkProperName : CommonNoun -> ProperName = \jussi ->
{s = \\c => jussi.s ! NCase Sg c} ;
--2 Pronouns
--
-- Here we define personal and relative pronouns.
mkPronoun : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Number -> Person -> Pronoun =
\mina, minun, minua, minuna, minuun, n, p ->
let {
minu = Predef.tk 2 minuna ;
a = Predef.dp 1 minuna
} in
{s = table {
PCase Nom => mina ;
PCase Gen => minun ;
PCase Part => minua ;
PCase Transl => minu + "ksi" ;
PCase Ess => minuna ;
PCase Iness => minu + ("ss" + a) ;
PCase Elat => minu + ("st" + a) ;
PCase Illat => minuun ;
PCase Adess => minu + ("ll" + a) ;
PCase Ablat => minu + ("lt" + a) ;
PCase Allat => minu + "lle" ;
PCase Abess => minu + ("tt" + a) ;
PAcc => Predef.tk 1 minun + "t"
} ;
n = n ; p = p} ;
pronMina = mkPronoun "minä" "minun" "minua" "minuna" "minuun" Sg P1 ;
pronSina = mkPronoun "sinä" "sinun" "sinua" "sinuna" "sinuun" Sg P2 ;
pronHan = mkPronoun "hän" "hänen" "häntä" "hänenä" "häneen" Sg P3 ;
pronMe = mkPronoun "me" "meidän" "meitä" "meinä" "meihin" Pl P1 ;
pronTe = mkPronoun "te" "teidän" "teitä" "teinä" "teihin" Pl P2 ;
pronHe = mkPronoun "he" "heidän" "heitä" "heinä" "heihin" Pl P3 ;
pronNe = mkPronoun "ne" "niiden" "niitä" "niinä" "niihin" Pl P3 ;
pronTama = mkPronoun "tämä" "tämän" "tätä" "tänä" "tähän" Sg P3 ;
pronNama = mkPronoun "nämä" "näiden" "näitä" "näinä" "näihin" Pl P3 ;
pronTuo = mkPronoun "tuo" "tuon" "tuota" "tuona" "tuohon" Sg P3 ;
pronNuo = mkPronoun "nuo" "noiden" "noita" "noina" "noihin" Pl P3 ;
-- The non-human pronoun "se" ('it') is even more irregular,
-- Its accusative cases do not
-- have a special form with "t", but have the normal genitive/nominative variation.
-- We use the type $ProperName$ for "se", because of the accusative but also
-- because the person and number are as for proper names.
pronSe : ProperName = {
s = table {
Nom => "se" ;
Gen => "sen" ;
Part => "sitä" ;
Transl => "siksi" ;
Ess => "sinä" ;
Iness => "siinä" ;
Elat => "siitä" ;
Illat => "siihen" ;
Adess => "sillä" ;
Ablat => "siltä" ;
Allat => "sille" ;
Abess => "sittä"
} ;
} ;
-- The possessive suffixes will be needed in syntax. It will show up
-- as a separate word ("auto &+ ni"), which needs unlexing. Unlexing also
-- has to fix the vowel harmony in cases like "äiti &+ nsä".
suff : Str -> Str = \ni -> ni ;
possSuffix : Number => Person => Str = \\n,p =>
suff (case <n,p> of {
<Sg,P1> => "ni" ;
<Sg,P2> => "si" ;
<Sg,P3> => "nsa" ;
<Pl,P1> => "mme" ;
<Pl,P2> => "nne" ;
<Pl,P3> => "nsa"
} ) ;
-- The relative pronoun, "joka", is inflected in case and number,
-- like common nouns, but it does not take possessive suffixes.
-- The inflextion shows a surprising similarity with "suo".
relPron : RelPron =
let {jo = nhn (sSuo "jo")} in {s =
table {
Sg => table {
Nom => "joka" ;
Gen => "jonka" ;
c => jo.s ! NCase Sg c
} ;
Pl => table {
Nom => "jotka" ;
c => "j" + (jo.s ! NCase Pl c)
}
}
} ;
mikaInt : Number => Case => Str =
let {
mi = nhn (sSuo "mi")
} in
table {
Sg => table {
Nom => "mikä" ;
Gen => "minkä" ;
c => mi.s ! NCase Sg c
} ;
Pl => table {
Nom => "mitkä" ;
Gen => "mittenkä" ;
c => mi.s ! NCase Sg c
}
} ;
kukaInt : Number => Case => Str =
let {
ku = nhn (sRae "kuka" "kenenä") ;
ket = nhn (sRae "kuka" "keinä")} in
table {
Sg => table {
Nom => "kuka" ;
Part => "ketä" ;
Illat => "keneen" ;
c => ku.s ! NCase Sg c
} ;
Pl => table {
Nom => "ketkä" ;
Illat => "keihin" ;
c => ket.s ! NCase Pl c
}
} ;
mikaanPron : Number => Case => Str = \\n,c =>
case <n,c> of {
<Sg,Nom> => "mikään" ;
<_,Part> => "mitään" ;
<Sg,Gen> => "minkään" ;
<Pl,Nom> => "mitkään" ;
<Pl,Gen> => "mittenkään" ;
<_,Ess> => "minään" ;
<_,Iness> => "missään" ;
<_,Elat> => "mistään" ;
<_,Adess> => "millään" ;
<_,Ablat> => "miltään" ;
_ => mikaInt ! n ! c + "kään"
} ;
kukaanPron : Number => Case => Str =
table {
Sg => table {
Nom => "kukaan" ;
Part => "ketään" ;
Ess => "kenään" ;
Iness => "kessään" ;
Elat => "kestään" ;
Illat => "kehenkään" ;
Adess => "kellään" ;
Ablat => "keltään" ;
c => kukaInt ! Sg ! c + "kään"
} ;
Pl => table {
Nom => "ketkään" ;
Part => "keitään" ;
Ess => "keinään" ;
Iness => "keissään" ;
Elat => "keistään" ;
Adess => "keillään" ;
Ablat => "keiltään" ;
c => kukaInt ! Pl ! c + "kään"
}
} ;
jokuPron : Number => Case => Str =
let
ku = nhn (sPuu "ku") ;
kui = nhn (sPuu "kuu")
in
table {
Sg => table {
Nom => "joku" ;
Gen => "jonkun" ;
c => relPron.s ! Sg ! c + ku.s ! NCase Sg c
} ;
Pl => table {
Nom => "jotkut" ;
c => relPron.s ! Pl ! c + kui.s ! NCase Pl c
}
} ;
jokinPron : Number => Case => Str =
table {
Sg => table {
Nom => "jokin" ;
Gen => "jonkin" ;
c => relPron.s ! Sg ! c + "kin"
} ;
Pl => table {
Nom => "jotkin" ;
c => relPron.s ! Pl ! c + "kin"
}
} ;
moniPron : Case => Str = caseTable singular (nhn (sSusi "moni" "monen" "monena")) ;
caseTable : Number -> CommonNoun -> Case => Str = \n,cn ->
\\c => cn.s ! NCase n c ;
--2 Adjectives
--
-- To form an adjective, it is usually enough to give a noun declension: the
-- adverbial form is regular.
noun2adj : CommonNoun -> Adjective = noun2adjComp True ;
noun2adjComp : Bool -> CommonNoun -> Adjective = \isPos,tuore ->
let
tuoreesti = Predef.tk 1 (tuore.s ! NCase Sg Gen) + "sti" ;
tuoreemmin = Predef.tk 2 (tuore.s ! NCase Sg Gen) + "in"
in {s = table {
AN f => tuore.s ! f ;
AAdv => if_then_Str isPos tuoreesti tuoreemmin
}
} ;
-- For the comparison of adjectives, three noun declensions
-- are needed in the worst case.
mkAdjDegr : (_,_,_ : Adjective) -> AdjDegr = \hyva,parempi,paras ->
{s = table {
Pos => hyva.s ;
Comp => parempi.s ;
Sup => paras.s
}
} ;
-- However, it is usually enough to give the positive declension and
-- the characteristic forms of comparative and superlative.
regAdjDegr : CommonNoun -> Str -> Str -> AdjDegr = \kiva, kivempaa, kivinta ->
mkAdjDegr
(noun2adj kiva)
(noun2adjComp False (nhn (sSuurempi kivempaa)))
(noun2adjComp False (nhn (sSuurin kivinta))) ;
--3 Verbs
--
-- The present, past, conditional. and infinitive stems, acc. to Koskenniemi.
-- Unfortunately not enough (without complicated processes).
-- We moreover give grade alternation forms as arguments, since it does not
-- happen automatically.
--- A problem remains with the verb "seistä", where the infinitive
--- stem has vowel harmony "ä" but the others "a", thus "seisoivat" but "seiskää".
mkVerb : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Verb =
\tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun ->
v2v (mkVerbH
tulla tulee tulen tulevat tulkaa tullaan tuli tulin tulisi tullut tultu tullun
) ;
v2v : VerbH -> Verb = \vh ->
let
tulla = vh.tulla ;
tulee = vh.tulee ;
tulen = vh.tulen ;
tulevat = vh.tulevat ;
tulkaa = vh.tulkaa ;
tullaan = vh.tullaan ;
tuli = vh.tuli ;
tulin = vh.tulin ;
tulisi = vh.tulisi ;
tullut = vh.tullut ;
tultu = vh.tultu ;
tultu = vh.tultu ;
tullun = vh.tullun ;
tuje = init tulen ;
tuji = init tulin ;
a = Predef.dp 1 tulkaa ;
tulko = Predef.tk 2 tulkaa + (ifTok Str a "a" "o" "ö") ;
o = last tulko ;
tulleena = Predef.tk 2 tullut + ("een" + a) ;
tulleen = (noun2adj (nhn (sRae tullut tulleena))).s ;
tullun = (noun2adj (nhn (sKukko tultu tullun (tultu + ("j"+a))))).s ;
tulema = Predef.tk 3 tulevat + "m" + a ;
vat = "v" + a + "t"
in
{s = table {
Inf => tulla ;
Pres Sg P1 => tuje + "n" ;
Pres Sg P2 => tuje + "t" ;
Pres Sg P3 => tulee ;
Pres Pl P1 => tuje + "mme" ;
Pres Pl P2 => tuje + "tte" ;
Pres Pl P3 => tulevat ;
Impf Sg P1 => tuji + "n" ;
Impf Sg P2 => tuji + "t" ;
Impf Sg P3 => tuli ;
Impf Pl P1 => tuji + "mme" ;
Impf Pl P2 => tuji + "tte" ;
Impf Pl P3 => tuli + vat ;
Cond Sg P1 => tulisi + "n" ;
Cond Sg P2 => tulisi + "t" ;
Cond Sg P3 => tulisi ;
Cond Pl P1 => tulisi + "mme" ;
Cond Pl P2 => tulisi + "tte" ;
Cond Pl P3 => tulisi + vat ;
Imper Sg => tuje ;
Imper Pl => tulkaa ;
ImperP3 Sg => tulko + o + "n" ;
ImperP3 Pl => tulko + o + "t" ;
ImperP1Pl => tulkaa + "mme" ;
ImpNegPl => tulko ;
Pass True => tullaan ;
Pass False => Predef.tk 2 tullaan ;
PastPartAct n => tulleen ! n ;
PastPartPass n => tullun ! n ;
Inf3Iness => tulema + "ss" + a ;
Inf3Elat => tulema + "st" + a ;
Inf3Illat => tulema + a + "n" ;
Inf3Adess => tulema + "ll" + a ;
Inf3Ablat => tulema + "tt" + a
}
} ;
VerbH : Type = {
tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun
: Str
} ;
mkVerbH : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> VerbH =
\tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun ->
{tulla = tulla ;
tulee = tulee ;
tulen = tulen ;
tulevat = tulevat ;
tulkaa = tulkaa ;
tullaan = tullaan ;
tuli = tuli ;
tulin = tulin ;
tulisi = tulisi ;
tullut = tullut ;
tultu = tultu ;
tullun = tullun
} ;
regVerbH : Str -> VerbH = \soutaa ->
let
taa = Predef.dp 3 soutaa ;
ta = init taa ;
aa = Predef.dp 2 taa ;
juo = Predef.tk 2 soutaa ;
souda = weakGrade (init soutaa) ;
soudan = juo + "en" ;
o = Predef.dp 1 juo ;
a = last aa ;
u = ifTok Str a "a" "u" "y" ;
joi = Predef.tk 2 juo + (o + "i")
in case ta of {
"it" => vHarkita soutaa ;
"st" | "nn" | "rr" | "ll" => vJuosta soutaa soudan (juo + o+u+"t") (juo + "t"+u) ;
_ => case aa of {
"aa" | "ää" => vOttaa soutaa (souda + "n") ;
"da" | "dä" => vJuoda soutaa joi ;
"ta" | "tä" => vOsata soutaa ;
_ => vHukkua soutaa souda
}} ;
reg2VerbH : (soutaa,souti : Str) -> VerbH = \soutaa,souti ->
let
soudat = regVerbH soutaa ;
soudan = weakGrade (init soutaa) + "n" ;
soudin = weakGrade souti + "n" ;
souden = init souti + "en" ;
juo = Predef.tk 2 soutaa ;
o = Predef.dp 1 juo ;
u = ifTok Str (last soutaa) "a" "u" "y" ;
aa = Predef.dp 2 soutaa ;
taa = Predef.dp 3 soutaa ;
ta = Predef.tk 1 taa ;
in
case aa of {
"aa" | "ää" => vHuoltaa soutaa soudan souti soudin ;
_ => case ta of {
"at" | "ät" => vPalkata soutaa souti ;
"st" => vJuosta soutaa souden (juo + o+u+"t") (juo + "t"+u) ;
_ => soudat
}} ** {sc = Nom ; lock_V = <>} ;
reg3VerbH : (_,_,_ : Str) -> VerbH = \soutaa,soudan,souti ->
let
taa = Predef.dp 3 soutaa ;
ta = init taa ;
aa = Predef.dp 2 taa ;
souda = init soudan ;
juo = Predef.tk 2 soutaa ;
o = last juo ;
a = last aa ;
u = ifTok Str a "a" "u" "y" ;
soudin = weakGrade souti + "n" ;
soudat = reg2VerbH soutaa souti ;
in case ta of {
"ll" => vJuosta soutaa soudan (juo + o+u+"t") (juo + "t"+u) ;
"ot" | "öt" => vPudota soutaa souti ;
_ => case aa of {
"aa" | "ää" => vHuoltaa soutaa soudan souti soudin ;
"da" | "dä" => vJuoda soutaa souti ;
_ => soudat
}} ** {sc = Nom ; lock_V = <>} ;
-- For "harppoa", "hukkua", "löytyä", with grade alternation.
vHukkua : (_,_ : Str) -> VerbH = \hukkua,huku ->
let {
a = Predef.dp 1 hukkua ;
hukku = Predef.tk 1 hukkua ;
u = Predef.dp 1 huku ;
i = case u of {
"e" | "i" => [] ;
_ => u
} ;
y = case a of {
"a" => "u" ;
_ => "y"
} ;
hukkui = init hukku + i + "i" ;
hukui = init huku + i + "i" ;
} in
mkVerbH
hukkua
(hukku + u)
(huku + "n")
(hukku + "v" + a + "t")
(hukku + (("k" + a) + a))
(huku + ((("t" + a) + a) + "n"))
(hukkui)
(hukui + "n")
(hukkui + "si")
(hukku + "n" + y + "t")
(huku + "tt" + y)
(huku + "t" + y + "t") ;
-- For cases with or without alternation: "sanoa", "valua", "kysyä".
vSanoa : Str -> VerbH = \sanoa ->
vHukkua sanoa (Predef.tk 1 sanoa) ;
---- vHukkua sanoa (weakGrade (Predef.tk 1 sanoa)) ;
---- The gfr file becomes 6* bigger if this change is done
-- For "ottaa", "käyttää", "löytää", "huoltaa", "hiihtää", "siirtää".
vHuoltaa : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> VerbH = \ottaa,otan,otti,otin ->
let {
a = Predef.dp 1 ottaa ;
aa = a + a ;
u = case a of {"a" => "u" ; _ => "y"} ;
ota = Predef.tk 1 otan ;
otta = Predef.tk 1 ottaa ;
ote = Predef.tk 1 ota + "e"
} in
mkVerbH
ottaa
ottaa
otan
(otta + "v" + a + "t")
(otta + "k" + aa)
(ote + "t" + aa + "n")
otti
otin
(otta + "isi")
(otta + "n" + u + "t")
(ote + "tt" + u)
(ote + "t" + u + "n") ;
-- For cases where grade alternation is not affected by the imperfect "i".
vOttaa : (_,_ : Str) -> VerbH = \ottaa,otan ->
let
i = "i" ; --- wrong rule if_then_Str (pbool2bool (Predef.occurs "ou" ottaa)) "i" "oi"
in
vHuoltaa ottaa otan (Predef.tk 2 ottaa + i) (Predef.tk 2 otan + i + "n") ;
-- For "poistaa", "ryystää".
vPoistaa : Str -> VerbH = \poistaa ->
vOttaa poistaa ((Predef.tk 1 poistaa + "n")) ;
-- For "osata", "lisätä"; grade alternation is unpredictable, as seen
-- from "pelätä-pelkäsi" vs. "palata-palasi"
vOsata : Str -> VerbH = \osata ->
vPalkata osata (Predef.tk 2 osata + "si") ;
vPalkata : Str -> Str -> VerbH = \palkata,palkkasi ->
let
a = Predef.dp 1 palkata ;
palka = Predef.tk 2 palkata ;
palkka = Predef.tk 2 palkkasi ;
u = case a of {"a" => "u" ; _ => "y"}
in
mkVerbH
palkata
(palkka + a)
(palkka + (a + "n"))
(palkka + (((a + "v") + a) + "t"))
(palka + ((("t" + "k") + a) + a))
(palkata + (a + "n"))
(palkka + "si")
(palkka + "sin")
(palkka + "isi")
(palka + "nn" + u + "t")
(palka + "tt" + u)
(palka + "t" + u + "n") ;
vPudota : Str -> Str -> VerbH = \pudota, putosi ->
let
a = Predef.dp 1 pudota ;
pudo = Predef.tk 2 pudota ;
puto = Predef.tk 2 putosi ;
putoa = puto + a ;
u = case a of {"a" => "u" ; _ => "y"}
in
mkVerbH
pudota
(putoa + a)
(putoa + "n")
(putoa + "v" + a + "t")
(pudo + "tk" + a + a)
(pudota + a + "n")
(puto + "si")
(puto + "sin")
(puto + a + "isi")
(pudo + "nn" + u + "t")
(pudo + "tt" + u)
(pudo + "t" + u + "n") ;
vHarkita : Str -> VerbH = \harkita ->
let
a = Predef.dp 1 harkita ;
harki = Predef.tk 2 harkita ;
harkitse = harki + "tse" ;
harkitsi = harki + "tsi" ;
u = case a of {"a" => "u" ; _ => "y"}
in
mkVerbH
harkita
(harkitse + "e")
(harkitse + "n")
(harkitse + "v" + a + "t")
(harki + "tk"+ a + a)
(harkita + a + "n")
(harkitsi)
(harkitsi + "n")
(harkitsi + "si")
(harki + "nn" + u + "t")
(harki + "tt" + u)
(harki + "t" + u + "n") ;
----- tulla,tulee,tulen,tulevat,tulkaa,tullaan,tuli,tulin,tulisi,tullut,tultu,tullun
-- For "juosta", "piestä", "nousta", "rangaista", "kävellä", "surra", "panna".
vJuosta : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> VerbH = \juosta,juoksen,juossut,juostu ->
let
a = Predef.dp 1 juosta ;
t = last (init juosta) ;
juokse = Predef.tk 1 juoksen ;
juoksi = Predef.tk 2 juoksen + "i" ;
juos = Predef.tk 2 juosta ;
juostun = ifTok Str t "t" (juostu + "n") (init juossut + "n") ;
in
mkVerbH
juosta
(juokse + "e")
juoksen
(juokse + (("v" + a) + "t"))
(juos + (("k" + a) + a))
(juosta + (a + "n"))
juoksi
(juoksi + "n")
(juoksi + "si")
juossut
juostu
juostun ;
-- For "juoda", "syödä", "viedä", "naida", "saada".
vJuoda : (_,_ : Str) -> VerbH = \juoda, joi ->
let
a = Predef.dp 1 juoda ;
juo = Predef.tk 2 juoda ;
u = case a of {"a" => "u" ; _ => "y"}
in
mkVerbH
juoda
juo
(juo + "n")
(juo + (("v" + a) + "t"))
(juo + (("k" + a) + a))
(juoda + (a + "n"))
joi
(joi + "n")
(joi + "si")
(juo + "n" + u + "t")
(juo + "t" + u)
(juo + "d" + u + "n") ;
verbOlla : Verb =
mkVerb
"olla" "on" "olen" "ovat" "olkaa" "ollaan"
"oli" "olin" "olisi" "ollut" "oltu" "ollun" ;
-- The negating operator "ei" is actually a verb, which has present
-- active indicative and imperative forms, but no infinitive.
verbEi : Verb =
let ei =
mkVerb
"ei" "ei" "en" "eivät" "älkää"
"ei" "e" "en" "e" "ei" "ei" "ei"
in
{s = table {
Imper Sg => "älä" ;
Impf n p | Cond n p => ei.s ! Pres n p ;
v => ei.s ! v
}
} ;
--2 Some structural words
kuinConj = "kuin" ;
conjEtta = "että" ;
advSiten = "siten" ;
mikakukaInt : Gender => Number => Case => Str =
table {
NonHuman => mikaInt ;
Human => kukaInt
} ;
kaikkiPron : Number -> Case => Str = \n ->
let {kaiket = caseTable n (nhn (sKorpi "kaikki" "kaiken" "kaikkena"))} in
table {
Nom => "kaikki" ;
c => kaiket ! c
} ;
stopPunct = "." ;
commaPunct = "," ;
questPunct = "?" ;
exclPunct = "!" ;
koPart = suff "ko" ;
-- For $NumeralsFin$.
param NumPlace = NumIndep | NumAttr ;
oper
yksiN = nhn (mkSubst "ä" "yksi" "yhde" "yhte" "yhtä" "yhteen" "yksi" "yksi"
"yksien" "yksiä" "yksiin") ;
kymmenenN = nhn (mkSubst "ä" "kymmenen" "kymmene" "kymmene" "kymmentä"
"kymmeneen" "kymmeni" "kymmeni" "kymmenien" "kymmeniä"
"kymmeniin") ;
sataN = nhn (sLukko "sata") ;
tuhatN = nhn (mkSubst "a" "tuhat" "tuhanne" "tuhante" "tuhatta" "tuhanteen"
"tuhansi" "tuhansi" "tuhansien" "tuhansia" "tuhansiin") ;
kymmentaN = {s = table {
NCase Sg Nom => "kymmentä" ;
c => kymmenenN.s ! c
}
} ;
sataaN = {s = table {
Sg => sataN.s ;
Pl => table {
NCase Sg Nom => "sataa" ;
c => sataN.s ! c
}
}
} ;
tuhattaN = {s = table {
Sg => tuhatN.s ;
Pl => table {
NCase Sg Nom => "tuhatta" ;
c => tuhatN.s ! c
}
}
} ;
} ;