--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common

--1 Hunlish Lexical Paradigms
--
-- Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
--
-- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar 
-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
-- 
-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
--
-- The main difference with $MorphoHun.gf$ is that the types
-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
-- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
--
-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
-- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function $mkC$, which serves as an
-- escape to construct the most irregular words of type $C$.
-- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
-- separate module [``IrregHun`` ../../english/IrregHun.gf], 
-- which covers irregular verbss.

resource ParadigmsHun = open 
  (Predef=Predef), 
  Prelude, 
  ResHun,
  CatHun
  in 
{
  flags optimize = noexpand ;

--{
----2 Parameters 
----
---- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
--
--oper
--  Gender : Type ; 
--
--  human     : Gender ;
--  nonhuman  : Gender ;
--  masculine : Gender ; --%
--  feminine : Gender ; --%
--
---- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
--
--  Number : Type ; 
--
--  singular : Number ; 
--  plural   : Number ;
--
---- To abstract over case names, we define the following.
--
--  Case : Type ; --%
--
--  nominative : Case ; --%
--  genitive   : Case ; --%
--
---- Prepositions are used in many-argument functions for rection.
---- The resource category $Prep$ is used.
--
---- The number of a noun phrase can be extracted with the following
---- function.
--
--  npNumber : NP -> Number ; -- exctract the number of a noun phrase
--
--
----2 Nouns
--
---- Nouns are constructed by the function $mkN$, which takes a varying
---- number of arguments.
--

oper
  mkN = overload {

    mkN : Str -> Noun = 
      \s -> lin N (regNoun s) ;
    } ;

--
---- The regular function captures the variants for nouns ending with
---- "s","sh","x","z" or "y": "kiss - kisses", "flash - flashes"; 
---- "fly - flies" (but "toy - toys"),
--
--    mkN : (flash : Str) -> N ;  -- plural s, incl. flash-flashes, fly-flies 
--
---- In practice the worst case is to give singular and plural nominative.
--
--    mkN : (man,men : Str) -> N ; -- irregular plural
--
---- The theoretical worst case: give all four forms.
--
--    mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N ; -- irregular genitives
--
---- Change gender from the default $nonhuman$.
--
--    mkN : Gender -> N -> N ;  -- default nonhuman
--
----3 Compound nouns 
----
---- A compound noun is an uninflected string attached to an inflected noun,
---- such as "baby boom", "chief executive officer".
--
--    mkN : Str -> N -> N -- e.g. baby + boom
--  } ;
--
--
----3 Relational nouns 
--
--  mkN2 : overload {
--    mkN2 : Str -> N2 ; -- reg. noun, prep. "of" --% 
--    mkN2 : N -> N2 ; -- e.g. wife of (default prep. to)
--    mkN2 : N -> Str -> N2 ; -- access to --%
--    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ; -- e.g. access to
--    mkN2 : Str -> Str -> N2 ; -- access to (regular noun) --%
--  } ;
--
---- Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to  
---- form other prepositions.
----
---- Three-place relational nouns ("the connection from x to y") need two prepositions.
--
--  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ; -- e.g. connection from x to y
--
--
--
----3 Proper names and noun phrases
----
---- Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed from strings.
--
--  mkPN : overload {
--
--    mkPN : Str -> PN ;
--
---- Sometimes a common noun can be reused as a proper name, e.g. "Bank"
--
--    mkPN : N -> PN --%
--  } ;
--
----3 Determiners and quantifiers
--
--  mkQuant : overload {
--    mkQuant : (this, these : Str) -> Quant ; --%
--    mkQuant : (no_sg, no_pl, none_sg, non_pl : Str) -> Quant ; --%
--  } ;
--
--  mkOrd : Str -> Ord ; --%
--
----2 Adjectives
--
--  mkA : overload {
--
---- For regular adjectives, the adverbial and comparison forms are derived. This holds
---- even for cases with the variations "happy - happily - happier - happiest",
---- "free - freely - freer - freest", and "rude - rudest".
--
--    mkA : (happy : Str) -> A ; -- regular adj, incl. happy-happier, rude-ruder
--
---- However, the duplication of the final consonant cannot be predicted,
---- but a separate case is used to give the comparative
--
--    mkA : (fat,fatter : Str) -> A ; -- irreg. comparative
--
---- As many as four forms may be needed.
--
--    mkA : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> A  -- completely irreg.
--    } ;
--
---- Regular comparison is formed by "more - most" for words with two vowels separated
---- and terminated by some other letters. To force this or the opposite, 
---- the following can be used:  
--
--    compoundA : A -> A ; -- force comparison with more/most
--    simpleA   : A -> A ; -- force comparison with -er,-est
--    irregAdv  : A -> Str -> A ;  -- adverb irreg, e.g. "fast"
--
----3 Two-place adjectives
--
--  mkA2 : overload {
--    mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ; -- absent from 
--    mkA2 : A -> Str -> A2 ; -- absent from --%
--    mkA2 : Str -> Prep -> A2 ; -- absent from --%
--    mkA2 : Str -> Str -> A2 -- absent from --%
--
--  } ;
--
--
----2 Adverbs
--
---- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
---- after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. "always").
--
--  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ; -- e.g. today
--  mkAdV : Str -> AdV ; -- e.g. always
--
---- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
--
--  mkAdA : Str -> AdA ; -- e.g. quite
--
---- Adverbs modifying numerals
--
--  mkAdN : Str -> AdN ; -- e.g. approximately
--
----2 Prepositions
----
---- A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
---- build $PP$s in the resource API, just requires a string.
--
--  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; -- e.g. "in front of"
--  noPrep : Prep ;  -- no preposition
--
---- (These two functions are synonyms.)
--
----2 Conjunctions
----
--
--  mkConj : overload {
--    mkConj : Str -> Conj ;                  -- and (plural agreement) --%
--    mkConj : Str -> Number -> Conj ;        -- or (agrement number given as argument) --%
--    mkConj : Str -> Str -> Conj ;           -- both ... and (plural) --%
--    mkConj : Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj ; -- either ... or (agrement number given as argument) --%
--  } ;
--
----2 Verbs
----
--
---- Verbs are constructed by the function $mkV$, which takes a varying
---- number of arguments.
--
--  mkV : overload {
--
---- The regular verb function recognizes the special cases where the last
---- character is "y" ("cry-cries" but "buy-buys") or a sibilant
---- ("kiss-"kisses", "jazz-jazzes", "rush-rushes", "munch - munches", 
---- "fix - fixes").
--
--    mkV : (cry : Str) -> V ; -- regular, incl. cry-cries, kiss-kisses etc
--
---- Give the present and past forms for regular verbs where
---- the last letter is duplicated in some forms,
---- e.g. "rip - ripped - ripping".
--
--    mkV : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V ; -- reg. with consonant duplication
--
---- There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module $IrregularHun$.
---- In practice, it is enough to give three forms, 
---- e.g. "drink - drank - drunk".
--
--    mkV : (drink, drank, drunk  : Str) -> V ; -- ordinary irregular
--
---- Irregular verbs with duplicated consonant in the present participle.
-- 
--    mkV : (run, ran, run, running  : Str) -> V ; -- irregular with duplication --%
--
---- Except for "be", the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and
---- the third person singular present, the past indicative, and the
---- past and present participles.
--
--    mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V ; -- totally irregular
--
---- Adds a prefix to an exisiting verb. This is most useful to create
---- prefix-variants of irregular verbs from $IrregHun$, e.g. "undertake".
--
--    mkV : Str -> V -> V ;  -- fix compound, e.g. under+take
--  };
--
---- Verbs with a particle.
---- The particle, such as in "switch on", is given as a string.
--
--  partV  : V -> Str -> V ; -- with particle, e.g. switch + on
--
---- Reflexive verbs.
---- By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
--
--  reflV  : V -> V ;  -- reflexive e.g. behave oneself
--
----3 Two-place verbs
----
---- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
---- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the $V$.
--
--  mkV2 : overload {
--    mkV2  : Str -> V2 ;       -- kill --%
--    mkV2  : V -> V2 ;         -- transitive, e.g. hit
--    mkV2  : V -> Prep -> V2 ; -- with preposiiton, e.g. believe in
--    mkV2  : V -> Str -> V2 ;  -- believe in --%
--    mkV2  : Str -> Prep -> V2 ; -- believe in --%
--    mkV2  : Str -> Str -> V2  -- believe in --%
--  };
--
----3 Three-place verbs
----
---- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
---- the first one or both can be absent.
--
--  mkV3 : overload {
--    mkV3  : V -> V3 ;                   -- ditransitive, e.g. give,_,_
--    mkV3  : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ;   -- two prepositions, e.g. speak, with, about
--    mkV3  : V -> Prep -> V3 ;           -- give,_,to --%
--    mkV3  : V -> Str -> V3 ;            -- give,_,to --%
--    mkV3  : Str -> Str -> V3 ;          -- give,_,to --%
--    mkV3  : Str -> V3 ;                 -- give,_,_ --%
--  };
--
----3 Other complement patterns
----
---- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
---- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
--
--  mkV0  : V -> V0 ; --%
--  mkVS  : V -> VS ; -- sentence-compl e.g. say (that S)
--  mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ; -- e.g. tell (NP) (that S)
--  mkVV  : V -> VV ; -- e.g. want (to VP)
--  ingVV : V -> VV ; -- e.g. start (VPing)
--  mkV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ;  -- e.g. want (noPrep NP) (to VP)
--  ingV2V : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V2V ; -- e.g. prevent (noPrep NP) (from VP-ing)
--  mkVA  : V -> VA ; -- e.g. become (AP)
--  mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ; -- e.g. paint (NP) (AP)
--  mkVQ  : V -> VQ ; -- e.g. wonder (QS)
--  mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ; -- e.g. ask (NP) (QS)
--
--  mkAS  : A -> AS ; --%
--  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ; --%
--  mkAV  : A -> AV ; --%
--  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ; --%
--
---- Notice: Categories $V0, AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$.
---- $V0$ is just $V$; the second argument is treated as adverb.
--
--  V0 : Type ; --%
--  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ; --%
--
----2 Other categories
--
--mkSubj : Str -> Subj = \s -> lin Subj {s = s} ; --%
--
----.
----2 Definitions of paradigms
----
---- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
---- hidden from the document.
--
--  Gender = ResHun.Gender ; 
--  Number = ResHun.Number ;
--  Case = ResHun.NPCase ;
--  human = Masc ; 
--  nonhuman = Neutr ;
--  masculine = Masc ;
--  feminine = Fem ;
--  singular = Sg ;
--  plural = Pl ;
--  nominative = npNom ;
--  genitive = npGen ;
--
--  npNumber np = (fromAgr np.a).n ;
--
--  Preposition : Type = Str ; -- obsolete
--
--  regN = \ray -> 
--    let rays = add_s ray
--     in
--       mk2N ray rays ;
--
--
--  add_s : Str -> Str = \w -> case w of {
--    _ + ("io" | "oo")                         => w + "s" ;   -- radio, bamboo
--    _ + ("s" | "z" | "x" | "sh" | "ch" | "o") => w + "es" ;  -- bus, hero
--    _ + ("a" | "o" | "u" | "e") + "y"  => w + "s" ;   -- boy
--    x + "y"                            => x + "ies" ; -- fly
--    _                                  => w + "s"     -- car
--    } ;
--
--  duplFinal : Str -> Str = \w -> case w of {
--    _ + ("a" | "e" | "o") + ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u") + ? => w ; -- waited, needed
--    _ + ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u") + 
--      c@("b"|"d"|"g"|"m"|"n"|"p"|"r"|"t") => w + c ; -- omitted, manned
--    _ => w
--    } ;
--
--  mk2N = \man,men -> 
--    let mens = case last men of {
--      "s" => men + "'" ;
--      _   => men + "'s"
--      }
--    in
--    mk4N man men (man + "'s") mens ;
--
--  mk4N = \man,men,man's,men's -> 
--    lin N (mkNoun man man's men men's ** {g = Neutr}) ;
--
--  genderN g man = lin N {s = man.s ; g = g} ;
--
--  compoundN s n = lin N {s = \\x,y => s ++ n.s ! x ! y ; g=n.g} ;
--
--  mkPN = overload {
--    mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ;
--    mkPN : N -> PN = nounPN
--  } ;
--
--  mkN2 = overload {
--    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = prepN2 ;
--    mkN2 : N -> Str -> N2 = \n,s -> prepN2 n (mkPrep s);
--    mkN2 : Str -> Str -> N2 = \n,s -> prepN2 (regN n) (mkPrep s);
--    mkN2 : N -> N2         = \n -> prepN2 n (mkPrep "of") ;
--    mkN2 : Str -> N2       = \s -> prepN2 (regN s) (mkPrep "of") 
--  } ;
--
--  prepN2 = \n,p -> lin N2 (n ** {c2 = p.s}) ;
--  regN2 n = prepN2 (regN n) (mkPrep "of") ;
--
--  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> lin N3 (n ** {c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s}) ;
--
----3 Relational common noun phrases
----
---- In some cases, you may want to make a complex $CN$ into a
---- relational noun (e.g. "the old town hall of").
--
--  cnN2 : CN -> Prep -> N2 ;
--  cnN3 : CN -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
--
---- This is obsolete.
--  cnN2 = \n,p -> lin N2 (n ** {c2 = p.s}) ;
--  cnN3 = \n,p,q -> lin N3 (n ** {c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s}) ;
--
--  regPN n = regGenPN n human ;
--  regGenPN n g = lin PN {s = table {Gen => n + "'s" ; _ => n} ; g = g} ;
--  nounPN n = lin PN {s = n.s ! singular ; g = n.g} ;
--
--  mkQuant = overload {
--    mkQuant : (this, these : Str) -> Quant = \sg,pl -> mkQuantifier sg pl sg pl;
--    mkQuant : (no_sg, no_pl, none_sg, non_pl : Str) -> Quant = mkQuantifier;
--  } ;
--
--  mkQuantifier : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Quant = 
--   \sg,pl,sg',pl' -> lin Quant {
--    s = \\_  => table { Sg => sg ; Pl => pl } ;
--    sp = \\_ => table { 
--      Sg => \\c => regGenitiveS sg' ! npcase2case c ; Pl => \\c => regGenitiveS pl' ! npcase2case c}
--    } ;
--
--  mkOrd : Str -> Ord = \x -> lin Ord { s = regGenitiveS x};
--
--  mk2A a b = mkAdjective a a a b ;
--  regA a = case a of {
--    _ + ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" | "y") + ? + _ + 
--        ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" | "y") + ? + _  => 
--         lin A (compoundADeg (regADeg a)) ;
--    _ => lin A (regADeg a)
--    } ;
--
--  prepA2 a p = lin A2 (a ** {c2 = p.s}) ;
--
--  ADeg = A ; ----
--
--  mkADeg a b c d = mkAdjective a b c d ;
--
--  regADeg happy = 
--    let
--      happ = init happy ;
--      y    = last happy ;
--      happie = case y of {
--        "y" => happ + "ie" ;
--        "e" => happy ;
--        _   => duplFinal happy + "e"
--        } ;
--    in mkADeg happy (happie + "r") (happie + "st") (adj2adv happy) ;
--    
--  adj2adv : Str -> Str = \happy ->
--    case happy of {
--      _ + "ble" => init happy + "y" ;
--      _ + "y"   => init happy + "ily" ;
--      _ + "ll"  => happy + "y" ;
--      _         => happy + "ly"
--      } ;
--
--  duplADeg fat = 
--    mkADeg fat 
--    (fat + last fat + "er") (fat + last fat + "est") (adj2adv fat) ;
--
--  compoundADeg a =
--    let ad = (a.s ! AAdj Posit Nom) 
--    in mkADeg ad ("more" ++ ad) ("most" ++ ad) (a.s ! AAdv) ;
--
--  adegA a = a ;
--
--  mkAdv x = lin Adv (ss x) ;
--  mkAdV x = lin AdV (ss x) ;
--  mkAdA x = lin AdA (ss x) ;
--  mkAdN x = lin AdN (ss x) ;
--
--  mkPrep p = lin Prep (ss p) ;
--  noPrep = mkPrep [] ;
--
--  mk5V a b c d e = lin V (mkVerb a b c d e ** {s1 = []}) ;
--
--  regV cry = 
--    let
--      cries = (regN cry).s ! Pl ! Nom ; -- !
--      cried : Str = case cries of {
--        _ + "es" => init cries + "d" ;
--        _        => duplFinal cry + "ed"
--        } ;
--      crying : Str = case cry of {
--        _  + "ee" => cry + "ing" ;
--        d  + "ie" => d  + "ying" ;
--        us + "e"  => us + "ing" ; 
--        _         => duplFinal cry + "ing"
--        }
--    in mk5V cry cries cried cried crying ;
--
--  reg2V fit fitted =
--   let fitt = Predef.tk 2 fitted ;
--   in 
--     if_then_else V (pbool2bool (Predef.eqStr (last fit) (last fitt)))
--       (mk5V fit (fit + "s") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ing")) 
--       (regV fit) ;
--
--  regDuplV fit = 
--    case last fit of {
--      ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" | "y") => 
--        Predef.error (["final duplication makes no sense for"] ++ fit) ;
--      t =>
--       let fitt = fit + t in
--       mk5V fit (fit + "s") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ed") (fitt + "ing")
--      } ;
--
--  irregV x y z = let reg = (regV x).s in
--    mk5V x (reg ! VPres) y z (reg ! VPresPart) ** {s1 = []} ;
--
--  irreg4V x y z w = let reg = (regV x).s in
--    mk5V x (reg ! VPres) y z w ** {s1 = []} ;
--
--  irregDuplV fit y z = 
--    let 
--      fitting = (regDuplV fit).s ! VPresPart
--    in
--    mk5V fit (fit + "s") y z fitting ;
--
--  partV v p = lin V {s = \\f => v.s ! f ++ p ; isRefl = v.isRefl} ;
--  reflV v = lin V {s = v.s ; part = v.part ; isRefl = True} ;
--
--  prepV2 v p = lin V2 {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p.s ; isRefl = v.isRefl} ;
--  dirV2 v = prepV2 v noPrep ;
--
--  prepPrepV3 v p q = 
--    lin V3 {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p.s ; c3 = q.s ; isRefl = v.isRefl} ;
--  dirV3 v p = prepPrepV3 v noPrep p ;
--  dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v noPrep ;
--
--  mkVS  v = lin VS v ;
--  mkVV  v = lin VV {
--    s = table {VVF vf => v.s ! vf ; _ => v.s ! VInf} ;
--    typ = VVInf
--    } ;
--  ingVV  v = lin VV {
--    s = table {VVF vf => v.s ! vf ; _ => v.s ! VInf} ;
--    typ = VVPresPart
--    } ;
--  mkVQ  v = lin VQ v ;
--
--  V0 : Type = V ;
----  V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type = V2 ;
--  AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ;
--  A2V : Type = A2 ;
--
--  mkV0  v = v ;
--  mkV2S v p = lin V2S (prepV2 v p) ;
--  mkV2V v p t = lin V2V (prepV2 v p ** {c3 = t.s ; typ = VVAux}) ;
--  ingV2V v p t = lin V2V (prepV2 v p ** {c3 = t.s ; typ = VVPresPart}) ;
--  mkVA  v = lin VA v ;
--  mkV2A v p = lin V2A (prepV2 v p) ;
--  mkV2Q v p = lin V2Q (prepV2 v p) ;
--
--  mkAS  v = v ;
--  mkA2S v p = lin A (prepA2 v p) ;
--  mkAV  v = v ;
--  mkA2V v p = prepA2 v p ;
--
--
---- pre-overload API and overload definitions
--
--  mk4N : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N ;
--  regN : Str -> N ;
--  mk2N : (man,men : Str) -> N ;
--  genderN : Gender -> N -> N ;
--  compoundN : Str -> N -> N ;
--
--  mkN = overload {
--    mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -> N = mk4N ;
--    mkN : Str -> N = regN ;
--    mkN : (man,men : Str) -> N = mk2N ;
--    mkN : Gender -> N -> N = genderN ;
--    mkN : Str -> N -> N = compoundN
--    } ;
--
---- Relational nouns ("daughter of x") need a preposition. 
--
--  prepN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 ;
--
---- The most common preposition is "of", and the following is a
---- shortcut for regular relational nouns with "of".
--
--  regN2 : Str -> N2 ;
--
--  mk2A : (free,freely : Str) -> A ;
--  regA : Str -> A ;
--
--  mkA = overload {
--    mkA : Str -> A = regA ;
--    mkA : (fat,fatter : Str) -> A = \fat,fatter -> 
--      mkAdjective fat fatter (init fatter + "st") (adj2adv fat) ;
--    mkA : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> A = \a,b,c,d ->
--      mkAdjective a b c d
--    } ;
--
--  compoundA = compoundADeg ;
--  simpleA a = 
--    let ad = (a.s ! AAdj Posit Nom) 
--    in regADeg ad ;
--    
--  irregAdv a adv = lin A {s = table {AAdv => adv; aform => a.s ! aform}} ;
--
--  prepA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
--
--  mkA2 = overload {
--    mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2   = prepA2 ;
--    mkA2 : A -> Str -> A2    = \a,p -> prepA2 a (mkPrep p) ;
--    mkA2 : Str -> Prep -> A2 = \a,p -> prepA2 (regA a) p;
--    mkA2 : Str -> Str -> A2  = \a,p -> prepA2 (regA a) (mkPrep p);
--  } ;
--
--  mk5V : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V ;
--  regV : (cry : Str) -> V ;
--  reg2V : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V;
--  irregV : (drink, drank, drunk  : Str) -> V ;
--  irreg4V : (run, ran, run, running  : Str) -> V ;
--
--  -- Use reg2V instead
--  regDuplV : Str -> V ;
--  -- Use irreg4V instead
--  irregDuplV : (get,   got,   gotten : Str) -> V ;
--
--  mkV = overload {
--    mkV : (cry : Str) -> V = regV ;
--    mkV : (stop, stopped : Str) -> V = reg2V ;
--    mkV : (drink, drank, drunk  : Str) -> V = irregV ;
--    mkV : (run, ran, run, running  : Str) -> V = irreg4V ;
--    mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -> V = mk5V ;
--    mkV : Str -> V -> V = prefixV
--  };
--
--  prepV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
--  dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
--  prefixV : Str -> V -> V = \p,v -> lin V { s = \\vform => p + v.s ! vform; isRefl = v.isRefl } ;
--
--  mkV2 = overload {
--    mkV2  : V -> V2 = dirV2 ;
--    mkV2  : Str -> V2 = \s -> dirV2 (regV s) ;
--    mkV2  : V -> Prep -> V2 = prepV2 ;
--    mkV2  : V -> Str -> V2 = \v,p -> prepV2 v (mkPrep p) ;
--    mkV2  : Str -> Prep -> V2 = \v,p -> prepV2 (regV v) p ;
--    mkV2  : Str -> Str -> V2 = \v,p -> prepV2 (regV v) (mkPrep p)
--  }; 
--
--  prepPrepV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ;
--  dirV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 ;
--  dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ;
--
--  mkV3 = overload {
--    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 = prepPrepV3 ;
--    mkV3 : V -> Prep -> V3 = dirV3 ;
--    mkV3 : V -> Str -> V3 = \v,s -> dirV3 v (mkPrep s);
--    mkV3 : Str -> Str -> V3 = \v,s -> dirV3 (regV v) (mkPrep s);
--    mkV3 : V -> V3 = dirdirV3 ;
--    mkV3 : Str -> V3 = \v -> dirdirV3 (regV v) ;
--  } ;
--
--  mkConj = overload {
--    mkConj : Str -> Conj = \y -> mk2Conj [] y plural ;
--    mkConj : Str -> Number -> Conj = \y,n -> mk2Conj [] y n ;
--    mkConj : Str -> Str -> Conj = \x,y -> mk2Conj x y plural ;
--    mkConj : Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj = mk2Conj ;
--  } ;
--
--  mk2Conj : Str -> Str -> Number -> Conj = \x,y,n -> 
--    lin Conj (sd2 x y ** {n = n}) ;
--
------ obsolete
--
---- Comparison adjectives may two more forms. 
--
--  ADeg : Type ;
--
--  mkADeg : (good,better,best,well : Str) -> ADeg ;
--
---- The regular pattern recognizes two common variations: 
---- "-e" ("rude" - "ruder" - "rudest") and
---- "-y" ("happy - happier - happiest - happily")
--
--  regADeg : Str -> ADeg ;      -- long, longer, longest
--
---- However, the duplication of the final consonant is nor predicted,
---- but a separate pattern is used:
--
--  duplADeg : Str -> ADeg ;      -- fat, fatter, fattest
--
---- If comparison is formed by "more", "most", as in general for
---- long adjective, the following pattern is used:
--
--  compoundADeg : A -> ADeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
--
---- From a given $ADeg$, it is possible to get back to $A$.
--
--  adegA : ADeg -> A ;
--
--
--  regPN    : Str -> PN ;          
--  regGenPN : Str -> Gender -> PN ;     -- John, John's
--
---- Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. "Bank".
--
--  nounPN : N -> PN ;
--
--
--
--} ;

}
