diff --git a/src/arabic/OrthoAra.gf b/src/arabic/OrthoAra.gf
index a15dc7cf..3a24690c 100644
--- a/src/arabic/OrthoAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/OrthoAra.gf
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ flags coding=utf8 ;
     -- "Sun letters": assimilate with def. article
     sun : pattern Str = #("ت"|"ث"|"د"|"ذ"|"ر"|"ز"|"س"|"ش"|"ص"|"ض"|"ط"|"ظ"|"ل"|"ن") ;
 
+  -- Shadda: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17253-arabic-ordering.pdf
+    fixShd : Str -> Str -> Str = \word,vowel ->
+      case word of {
+        x + "ّ" => x + vowel + "ّ" ;
+        x       => x + vowel
+      } ;
+
   -- Hamza
     hamza : pattern Str = #("ء"|"؟") ;
 
diff --git a/src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf b/src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf
index 3aaa804f..089421cc 100644
--- a/src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
 
   -- e.g. al-jamii3, 2a7ad
   regNP : Str -> Number -> NP = \word,n ->
-    { s = \\c => word ++ vowel ! c ; ---- gives strange chars
+    { s = \\c => fixShd word (dec1sg ! Def ! c) ;
       a = {pgn = Per3 Masc n; isPron = False };
       lock_NP = <>
     };
diff --git a/src/arabic/ResAra.gf b/src/arabic/ResAra.gf
index 7d07fe75..c3cc2aa9 100644
--- a/src/arabic/ResAra.gf
+++ b/src/arabic/ResAra.gf
@@ -842,13 +842,12 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
 
     -- takes a singular or broken plural word and tests the ending to
     -- determine the declension and gives the corresponding inf table
-    sing : Str -> State => Case => Str =
-      \word ->
-      case word of {
-         lemma + "ِي"   => \\s,c => defArt s lemma + dec2sg ! s ! c ;
-          _ + ("ا"|"ى") => \\s,c => defArt s word + dec3sg ! s ! c ;
-          _             => \\s,c => defArt s word + dec1sg ! s ! c
-      };
+    sing : Str -> State => Case => Str = \word ->
+      \\s,c => defArt s (case word of {
+         lemma + "ِي"  => fixShd lemma (dec2sg ! s ! c) ;
+         _ + ("ا"|"ى") => fixShd word  (dec3sg ! s ! c) ;
+         _             => fixShd word  (dec1sg ! s ! c) 
+      }) ;
 
 
     -- takes a singular word and tests the ending to