diff --git a/src/catalan/StructuralCat.gf b/src/catalan/StructuralCat.gf
index 4833b786..65ae557b 100644
--- a/src/catalan/StructuralCat.gf
+++ b/src/catalan/StructuralCat.gf
@@ -30,11 +30,16 @@ lin
   during_Prep = mkPrep "durant" ; ----
   either7or_DConj = {s1,s2 = "o" ; n = Sg} ;
   everybody_NP = makeNP ["tothom"] Masc Sg ;
-  every_Det = {s,sp = \\_,_ => "cada" ; n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  every_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\_,_ => "cada";
+    spn =\\c => prepCase c ++ "tot" ;
+    n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   everything_NP = pn2np (mkPN "tot" Masc) ;
   everywhere_Adv = ss ["a tot arreu"] ;
   few_Det = {
-    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "pocs" "poques" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "pocs" "poques" ! g ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "pocs" ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
 ---  first_Ord = {s = \\ag => (regA "primer").s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n} ;
   for_Prep = mkPrep ["per a"] ;
   from_Prep = complGen ; ---
@@ -64,12 +69,16 @@ lin
 
   less_CAdv = X.mkCAdv "menys" conjThan ; ----
   many_Det = {
-    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molts" "moltes" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molts" "moltes" ! g ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "molts" ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   more_CAdv = X.mkCAdv "més" conjThan ;
   most_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ ["la majoria"] ; c = CPrep P_de ;
     a = PNoAg} ;
   much_Det = {
-    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molt" "molta" ! g ; n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molt" "molta" ! g ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "molt" ;
+    n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   must_VV = deVV (verbV (haver_59 "haver" True)) ;
   no_Utt = ss "no" ;
   on_Prep = mkPrep "sobre" ;
@@ -89,10 +98,14 @@ lin
       Fem Sg P3 ;
   so_AdA = ss "tan" ;
   somebody_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["alg˙"] Masc) ;
-  somePl_Det = {s,sp = 
-    \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "alguns" "algunes" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  somePl_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "alguns" "algunes" ! g ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "alguns" ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   someSg_Det = {
-    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "algun" "alguna" ! g ; n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "algun" "alguna" ! g ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "quelcom" ;
+    n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   something_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["quelcom"] Masc) ;
   somewhere_Adv = ss ["a algun lloc"] ;
   that_Quant =
@@ -103,6 +116,7 @@ lin
     in {
       s = \\_ => aquell ;
       sp = aquell ;
+      spn= aquell ! Sg ! Masc ;
       s2 = [] ; isNeg = False
     } ;
   there_Adv = mkAdv "allà" ;		-- all·
@@ -122,6 +136,7 @@ lin
     in {
       s = \\_ => aquest ;
       sp = aquest ;
+      spn= aquest ! Sg ! Masc ;
       s2 = [] ; isNeg = False
     } ;
   through_Prep = mkPrep "mitjançant" ;
@@ -172,7 +187,7 @@ oper
   
 lin
   if_then_Conj = {s1 = "si" ; s2 = "llavors" ; n = Sg ; lock_Conj = <>} ;
-  
+
   no_Quant =
 	let
 	capS : Str = "cap" ;
@@ -183,6 +198,7 @@ lin
     in {
       s = \\_ => cap ;
       sp = cap ;
+      spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "res" ;
       s2 = [] ; isNeg = True
     } ;
   nobody_NP = pn2npNeg (mkPN "ningú") ;
diff --git a/src/french/ExtendFre.gf b/src/french/ExtendFre.gf
index 02b2915e..61ea2f9d 100644
--- a/src/french/ExtendFre.gf
+++ b/src/french/ExtendFre.gf
@@ -61,4 +61,32 @@ lin ApposNP np1 np2 = np1 ** {    -- guessed by KA
 
 lin CompoundN a b = lin N {s = \\n => b.s ! n ++ a.s ! Sg ; g = b.g} ; -- connessione internet = internet connection
 
+lin UseDAP = \dap ->
+      let
+        g = Masc ;
+        n = dap.n
+      in heavyNPpol dap.isNeg {
+        s = dap.spn ;
+        a = agrP3 g n ;
+        hasClit = False
+        } ;
+    UseDAPMasc = \dap ->
+      let
+        g = Masc ;
+        n = dap.n
+      in heavyNPpol dap.isNeg {
+        s = dap.sp ! g ;
+        a = agrP3 g n ;
+        hasClit = False
+        } ;
+    UseDAPFem dap =
+      let
+        g = Fem ;
+        n = dap.n
+      in heavyNPpol dap.isNeg {
+           s = dap.sp ! g ;
+           a = agrP3 g n ;
+           hasClit = False
+           } ;
+
 }
diff --git a/src/french/ExtraFre.gf b/src/french/ExtraFre.gf
index 73f76d6d..8be0ae77 100644
--- a/src/french/ExtraFre.gf
+++ b/src/french/ExtraFre.gf
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ concrete ExtraFre of ExtraFreAbs = ExtraRomanceFre **
 
   lin
     tout_Det = {
-    s  = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "tout" "toute" ! g ;
-    sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "tout" "toute" ! g ;
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "tout" "toute" ! g ;
+    spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "tout" ;
     n = Sg ; 
     s2 = [] ;
     isNeg = False
diff --git a/src/french/MakeStructuralFre.gf b/src/french/MakeStructuralFre.gf
index 5969d05a..c7285f90 100644
--- a/src/french/MakeStructuralFre.gf
+++ b/src/french/MakeStructuralFre.gf
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ oper
     in lin Quant {
     s = \\_ => aucun ;
     sp = aucun ;
+    spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ sm ;
     s2 = [] ;
     isNeg = False
     } ;
@@ -38,9 +39,15 @@ oper
 
   mkInterj : Str -> Interj = \s -> lin Interj (ss s) ;
   mkDet = overload {
-    mkDet : Str -> Det = \s -> lin Det {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ s ; n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+    mkDet : Str -> Det = \s -> lin Det {
+      s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ s ;
+      spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ s ;
+      n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False
+    } ;
     mkDet : Str -> Str -> Number -> Det = \m,f,n -> lin Det {
-      s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ case g of {Masc => m ; Fem => f} ; n = n ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False
+      s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ case g of {Masc => m ; Fem => f} ;
+      spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ m ;
+      n = n ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False
       } ;
     } ;
 
diff --git a/src/french/StructuralFre.gf b/src/french/StructuralFre.gf
index 9af3fb3e..0a9028e3 100644
--- a/src/french/StructuralFre.gf
+++ b/src/french/StructuralFre.gf
@@ -36,13 +36,17 @@ lin
   every_Det = {
     s  = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "chaque" ;
     sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "chacun" "chacune" ! g ;
-    n = Sg ; 
+    spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "tout" ;
+    n = Sg ;
     s2 = [] ;
     isNeg = False
     } ;
   everything_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["tout"] Masc) ;
   everywhere_Adv = ss "partout" ;
-  few_Det  = {s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ "peu" ++ elisDe ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  few_Det  = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ "peu" ++ elisDe ;
+    spn  = \\c => prepCase c ++ "peu" ++ elisDe ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
 --- DEPREC first_Ord = {s = \\ag => (regA "premier").s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n} ;
   for_Prep = mkPreposition "pour" ;
   from_Prep = complGen ; ---
@@ -68,10 +72,15 @@ lin
       "il" (elision "l") "lui" "lui" "son" (elisPoss "s") "ses"
       Masc Sg P3 ;
   less_CAdv = X.mkCAdv "moins" conjThan ;
-  many_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "plusieurs" ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  many_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "plusieurs" ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "plusieurs" ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   more_CAdv = X.mkCAdv "plus" conjThan ;
   most_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ ["la plupart"] ; c = CPrep P_de ; a = PNoAg} ;
-  much_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "beaucoup" ++ elisDe ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  much_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "beaucoup" ++ elisDe ;
+              spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "beaucoup" ++ elisDe ;
+              n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   must_VV = mkVV (devoir_V2 ** {lock_V = <>}) ;
 ---b  no_Phr = ss "non" ;
   no_Utt = ss "non" ;
@@ -91,8 +100,14 @@ lin
 
   so_AdA = ss "si" ;
   somebody_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["quelqu'un"] Masc) ;
-  somePl_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "quelques" ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ; ---- sp
-  someSg_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "quelque" ; n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ; ----sp
+  somePl_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "quelques" ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "quelque chose" ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ; ---- sp
+  someSg_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "quelque" ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "quelque chose" ;
+    n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ; ----sp
   something_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["quelque chose"] Masc) ;
   somewhere_Adv = ss ["quelque part"] ; --- ne - pas
 
@@ -106,6 +121,7 @@ lin
       Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "celui-là" "celle-là" ! g ;
       Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "ceux-là" "celles-là" ! g
       } ;
+    spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "celui-là" ;
     s2 = [] ; ---- "-là" ;
     isNeg = False
     } ;
@@ -130,6 +146,7 @@ lin
       Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "celui-ci" "celle-ci" ! g ;
       Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "ceux-ci" "celles-ci" ! g
       } ;
+    spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "cela" ;
     s2 = [] ; ---- "-ci"
     isNeg = False
     } ;
@@ -188,6 +205,7 @@ lin
     in {
     s = \\_ => aucun ;
     sp = aucun ;
+    spn= aucun ! Sg ! Masc ;
     s2 = [] ;
     isNeg = True
     } ;
diff --git a/src/italian/ExtraIta.gf b/src/italian/ExtraIta.gf
index 40933568..79eeee9c 100644
--- a/src/italian/ExtraIta.gf
+++ b/src/italian/ExtraIta.gf
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ concrete ExtraIta of ExtraItaAbs = ExtraRomanceIta **
     PossFamQuant p = {
       s = \\_,n,g,c => case n of {Sg => prepCase c ; _ => possCase g n c} ++ p.poss ! n ! g ;
       sp = \\ n,g,c => case n of {Sg => prepCase c ; _ => possCase g n c} ++ p.poss ! n ! g ;
+      spn= \\ c => prepCase c ++ p.poss ! Sg ! Masc ;
       s2 = [] ; isNeg = False
       } ;
 
diff --git a/src/italian/MakeStructuralIta.gf b/src/italian/MakeStructuralIta.gf
index 8cd9aa6c..34a4d365 100644
--- a/src/italian/MakeStructuralIta.gf
+++ b/src/italian/MakeStructuralIta.gf
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ oper
       in lin Quant {
         s = \\b => questo ;
         sp = questo ;
+        spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ s ;
         s2 = [] ;
         isNeg = False
       } ;
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ oper
       in lin Quant {
         s = \\b => questo ;
         sp = questo ;
+        spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ tutto ;
         s2 = [] ;
         isNeg = False
       } ;
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ oper
     -- Does not inflect for number
     mkDet : Str -> Number -> Det = \piu,n -> lin Det {
       s,sp = \\_,_ => piu ;
+      spn = \\_ => piu ;
       n = n ;
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = False
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ oper
         Masc => \\_ => alcuni ;
         Fem  => \\_ => alcune
       } ;
+      spn = \\_ => alcuni ;
       n = n ;
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = False
diff --git a/src/italian/StructuralIta.gf b/src/italian/StructuralIta.gf
index 257e9ecb..4001dffe 100644
--- a/src/italian/StructuralIta.gf
+++ b/src/italian/StructuralIta.gf
@@ -31,10 +31,16 @@ lin
   during_Prep = mkPrep "durante" ;
   either7or_DConj = {s1,s2 = "o" ; n = Sg} ;
   everybody_NP = makeNP ["tutti"] Masc Pl ;
-  every_Det = {s,sp = \\_,_ => "ogni" ; n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  every_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\_,_ => "ogni" ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "tutto" ;
+    n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   everything_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["tutto"] Masc) ;
   everywhere_Adv = ss "dappertutto" ;
-  few_Det  = {s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "pochi" "poche" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  few_Det  = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "pochi" "poche" ! g ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "pochi" ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
 ----  first_Ord = {s = \\ag => (regA "primo").s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n} ;
   for_Prep = mkPrep "per" ;
   from_Prep = da_Prep ;
@@ -60,11 +66,17 @@ lin
       "lui" "lo" "gli" "glie" "lui" "suo" "sua" "suoi" "sue"
       Masc Sg P3 ;
   less_CAdv = X.mkCAdv "meno" conjThan ;
-  many_Det = {s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molti" "molte" ! g ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  many_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molti" "molte" ! g ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "molto" ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   more_CAdv = X.mkCAdv "più" conjThan ;
   most_Predet = {s = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ ["la maggior parte"] ; c = CPrep P_di ;
     a = PNoAg} ;
-  much_Det = {s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molto" "molta" ! g ; n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  much_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "molto" "molta" ! g ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "molto" ;
+    n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   must_VV = mkVV (verboV (dovere_47 "dovere")) ;
   no_Utt = ss "no" ;
   on_Prep = {s = [] ; c = CPrep P_su ; isDir = False} ;
@@ -83,8 +95,14 @@ lin
       Fem Sg P3 ;
   so_AdA = ss "così" ;
   somebody_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["qualcuno"] Masc) ;
-  somePl_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "qualche" ; n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
-  someSg_Det = {s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "qualche" ; n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  somePl_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "qualche" ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "qualche cosa" ;
+    n = Pl ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
+  someSg_Det = {
+    s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ "qualche" ;
+    spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "qualche cosa" ;
+    n = Sg ; s2 = [] ; isNeg = False} ;
   something_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["qualche cosa"] Masc) ;
   somewhere_Adv = ss ["qualche parte"] ;
   that_Quant = let
@@ -98,6 +116,7 @@ lin
         quello (elision "quel" "quell'" "quello") 
                (elision "quei" "quegli" "quegli")  ;
       sp = quello "quello" "quelli" ;
+      spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "quello" ;
       s2 = [] ;
     isNeg = False
       } ;
@@ -118,6 +137,7 @@ lin
     in {
       s = \\_ => questo ;
       sp = questo ;
+      spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "questo" ;
       s2 = [] ;
     isNeg = False
       } ;
@@ -169,6 +189,7 @@ lin
     in {
     s = \\_ => aucun ;
     sp = aucun ;
+    spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "nessuno" ;
     s2 = [] ;
     isNeg = True
     } ;
diff --git a/src/portuguese/MorphoPor.gf b/src/portuguese/MorphoPor.gf
index ac95daef..982f96b0 100644
--- a/src/portuguese/MorphoPor.gf
+++ b/src/portuguese/MorphoPor.gf
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ oper
     s = \\ag => adj.s ! genNum2Aform ag.g ag.n ;
     } ;
 
-  mkQuantifier : (esse,essa,esses,essas : Str) -> Quant = \esse,essa,esses,essas->
+  mkQuantifier : (esse,essa,esses,essas,esso : Str) -> Quant = \esse,essa,esses,essas,esso->
     let
       attrforms : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
         Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms esse essa ! g ;
@@ -264,12 +264,14 @@ oper
       s = \\_ => attrforms ;
       s2 = [] ;
       sp = attrforms  ; -- in spanish it was different
+      spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ esso ;
       isNeg = False
       } ;
 
   mkDeterminer : (muito,muita : Str) -> Number -> Bool -> Det = \muito,muita,number,neg ->
     lin Det {
       s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms muito muita ! g ;
+      spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ muito ;
       n = number;
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = neg
diff --git a/src/portuguese/StructuralPor.gf b/src/portuguese/StructuralPor.gf
index 953bfe7a..782e1964 100644
--- a/src/portuguese/StructuralPor.gf
+++ b/src/portuguese/StructuralPor.gf
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ concrete StructuralPor of Structural = CatPor **
       in {
         s = \\_ => nenhum ;
         sp = nenhum ;
+        spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "nada" ;
         s2 = [] ; isNeg = True
       } ;
     no_Utt = ss "não" ;
@@ -124,13 +125,13 @@ concrete StructuralPor of Structural = CatPor **
     someSg_Det = mkDeterminer "algum" "alguma" Sg False ;
     something_NP = pn2np (mkPN "algo" Masc) ;
     somewhere_Adv = ss ["em algum lugar"] ;
-    that_Quant = mkQuantifier "esse" "essa" "esses" "essas" ;
+    that_Quant = mkQuantifier "esse" "essa" "esses" "essas" "isso" ;
     there_Adv = mkAdv "ali" ; -- lá
     there7to_Adv = mkAdv ["para lá"] ;
     there7from_Adv = mkAdv "dali" ;
     therefore_PConj = ss ["por isso"] ;
 
-    this_Quant = mkQuantifier "este" "esta" "estes" "estas" ;
+    this_Quant = mkQuantifier "este" "esta" "estes" "estas" "isto" ;
     through_Prep = mkPrep [] ablative ; -- por
     too_AdA = ss "demasiado" ; -- o certo seria demais como postfix
     to_Prep = complDat ;
diff --git a/src/romance/CatRomance.gf b/src/romance/CatRomance.gf
index 14af013d..4fe38778 100644
--- a/src/romance/CatRomance.gf
+++ b/src/romance/CatRomance.gf
@@ -67,12 +67,14 @@ incomplete concrete CatRomance of Cat = CommonX - [SC,Pol,MU]
       n : Number ;
       s2 : Str ;            -- -ci
       sp : Gender => Case => Str ;   -- substantival: mien, mienne
+      spn: Case => Str ;
       isNeg : Bool -- negative element, e.g. aucun
       } ;
     Quant = {
       s  : Bool => Number => Gender => Case => Str ;
       s2 : Str ;
       sp : Number => Gender => Case => Str ;
+      spn: Case => Str ;  -- neutral Spa: esto, eso, Por: isto, isso
       isNeg : Bool -- negative element, e.g. aucun
       } ;
     Predet  = {
diff --git a/src/romance/ExtendRomanceFunctor.gf b/src/romance/ExtendRomanceFunctor.gf
index 03c24e01..8e752710 100644
--- a/src/romance/ExtendRomanceFunctor.gf
+++ b/src/romance/ExtendRomanceFunctor.gf
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ incomplete concrete ExtendRomanceFunctor of Extend =
       let denp = (np.s ! ResRomance.genitive).ton in {
         s = \\_,_,_,_ => [] ;
         sp = \\_,_,_ => denp ;
+        spn= \\_ => denp ;
         s2 = denp ;
         isNeg = False ;
       } ;
@@ -240,7 +241,16 @@ incomplete concrete ExtendRomanceFunctor of Extend =
            } ;
 
 
-    UseDAP, UseDAPMasc = \dap ->
+    UseDAP = \dap ->
+      let
+        g = Masc ;
+        n = dap.n
+      in heavyNPpol dap.isNeg {
+        s = dap.spn ;
+        a = agrP3 g n ;
+        hasClit = False
+        } ;
+    UseDAPMasc = \dap ->
       let
         g = Masc ;
         n = dap.n
diff --git a/src/romance/NounRomance.gf b/src/romance/NounRomance.gf
index d35f04cd..0fe65659 100644
--- a/src/romance/NounRomance.gf
+++ b/src/romance/NounRomance.gf
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
     DetQuantOrd quant num ord = {
       s,sp = \\g,c => quant.s ! num.isNum ! num.n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g ++
                    ord.s ! aagr g num.n ;
+      spn  = \\c => quant.s ! num.isNum ! num.n ! Masc ! c ++ num.s ! Masc ++
+                    ord.s ! aagr Masc num.n ;
       s2 = quant.s2 ;
       n = num.n ;
       isNeg = quant.isNeg
@@ -66,6 +68,10 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
         True  => quant.s ! True ! num.n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g ;
         False => quant.sp ! num.n ! g ! c ++ num.s ! g
         } ;
+      spn= \\c => case num.isNum of {
+        True  => quant.s ! True ! num.n ! Masc ! c ++ num.s ! Masc ;
+        False => quant.spn ! c ++ num.s ! Masc
+        } ;
       s2 = quant.s2 ;
       n  = num.n ;
       isNeg = quant.isNeg
@@ -84,6 +90,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
     PossPron p = {
       s = \\_,n,g,c => possCase g n c ++ p.poss ! n ! g ; ---- il mio!
       sp = \\ n,g,c => possCase g n c ++ p.poss ! n ! g ; ---- not for Fre
+      spn= \\ c => possCase Masc Sg c ++ p.poss ! Sg ! Masc ; ---- not for Fre
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = False
       } ;
@@ -117,6 +124,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
     DefArt = {
       s = \\_,n,g,c => artDef False g n c ;
       sp = \\n,g,c => artDef True g n c ;
+      spn= \\c => artDef True Masc Sg c ;
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = False
       } ;
@@ -124,6 +132,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
     IndefArt = {
       s = \\b,n,g,c => if_then_Str b (prepCase c) (artIndef False g n c) ;
       sp = \\n,g,c => artIndef True g n c ;
+      spn= \\c => artIndef True Masc Sg c ;
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = False
       } ;
@@ -202,6 +211,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
       n = det.n ;
       s2 = det.s2 ;   -- -ci
       sp = \\g,c => det.s ! g ! c ++ ap.s ! genNum2Aform g det.n ;
+      spn= \\c => det.s ! Masc ! c ++ ap.s ! genNum2Aform Masc det.n ;
       isNeg = det.isNeg
       } ;
 
diff --git a/src/spanish/MakeStructuralSpa.gf b/src/spanish/MakeStructuralSpa.gf
index bda2f96f..42768b33 100644
--- a/src/spanish/MakeStructuralSpa.gf
+++ b/src/spanish/MakeStructuralSpa.gf
@@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ oper
       in lin Quant {
         s = \\b => questo ;
         sp = questo ;
+        spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ s ;
         s2 = [] ;
         isNeg = False
       } ;
     -- Inflects for number and gender
-    mkQuant : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Quant = \tutto,tutta,tutti,tutte ->
+    mkQuant : Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Str -> Quant = \tutto,tutta,tutti,tutte,esto ->
       let
         questo : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
           Sg => table {
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ oper
       in lin Quant {
         s = \\b => questo ;
         sp = questo ;
+        spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "esto" ;
         s2 = [] ;
         isNeg = False
       } ;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ oper
     -- Does not inflect for number
     mkDet : Str -> Number -> Det = \piu,n -> lin Det {
       s,sp = \\_,c => prepCase c ++ piu ;
+      spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ piu ;
       n = n ;
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = False
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ oper
     -- Inflects for number
     mkDet : Str -> Str -> Number -> Det = \alcuni,alcune,n -> lin Det {
       s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms alcuni alcune ! g ;
+      spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ alcuni ;
       n = n ;
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = False
diff --git a/src/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf b/src/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf
index fd13665c..28516ddb 100644
--- a/src/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf
+++ b/src/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf
@@ -239,29 +239,27 @@ oper
     s = \\ag => adj.s ! genNum2Aform ag.g ag.n ;
     } ;
 
-  mkQuantifier : (ese,esa,esos,esas : Str) -> Quant = \ese,esa,esos,esas->
+  mkQuantifier : (ese,esa,esos,esas,eso : Str) -> Quant = \ese,esa,esos,esas,eso->
     let
-      se  : Str = Predef.drop 1 ese ;
-      sa  : Str = Predef.drop 1 esa ;
-      sos : Str = Predef.drop 1 esos ;
-      sas : Str = Predef.drop 1 esas ;
-      E   : Str = "é" ;
       attrforms : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
         Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms ese esa ! g ;
         Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms esos esas ! g ----
         } ;
       npforms : Number => Gender => Case => Str = table {
-        Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms (E + se)  (E + sa)  ! g ;
-        Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms (E + sos) (E + sas) ! g }
+        Sg => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms ese  esa  ! g ;
+        Pl => \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms esos esas ! g }
     in lin Quant {
       s = \\_ => attrforms ;
       s2 = [] ;
-      sp = npforms  ; isNeg = False
+      sp = npforms ;
+      spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ eso ;
+      isNeg = False
       } ;
 
   mkDeterminer : (mucho,mucha : Str) -> Number -> Bool -> Det = \mucho,mucha,number,neg ->
     lin Det {
       s,sp = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms mucho mucha ! g ;
+      spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ mucho ;
       n = number;
       s2 = [] ;
       isNeg = neg
diff --git a/src/spanish/StructuralSpa.gf b/src/spanish/StructuralSpa.gf
index 8efabbab..c617dc8b 100644
--- a/src/spanish/StructuralSpa.gf
+++ b/src/spanish/StructuralSpa.gf
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ lin
   during_Prep = mkPrep "durante" ;
   either7or_DConj = {s1,s2 = "o" ; n = Sg} ;
   everybody_NP = makeNP ["todos"] Masc Pl ;
-  every_Det = mkDeterminer "cada" "cada" Sg False ;
+  every_Det = mkDeterminer "cada" "cada" Sg False ** {
+                 sp  = \\g,c => prepCase c ++ genForms "todos" "todas" ! g ;
+                 spn = \\c => prepCase c ++ "todo"
+              };
   everything_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["todo"] Masc) ;
   everywhere_Adv = ss ["en todas partes"] ;
   except_Prep = mkPrep "excepto" ;
@@ -75,7 +78,8 @@ lin
         }
     in {
       s = \\_ => ningun ;
-      sp = ningun ;
+      sp = \\_,_,_ => "nadie" ;
+      spn= \\c => prepCase c ++ "nada" ;
       s2 = [] ; isNeg = True
     } ;
   no_Utt = ss "no" ;
@@ -100,13 +104,13 @@ lin
   someSg_Det = mkDeterminer "algún" "alguna" Sg False ;
   something_NP = pn2np (mkPN ["algo"] Masc) ;
   somewhere_Adv = ss ["en alguna parte"] ;
-  that_Quant = mkQuantifier "ese" "esa" "esos" "esas" ;
+  that_Quant = mkQuantifier "ese" "esa" "esos" "esas" "eso" ;
   there_Adv = mkAdv "allí" ; -- allá
   there7to_Adv = mkAdv ["para allí"] ;
   there7from_Adv = mkAdv ["de allí"] ;
   therefore_PConj = ss ["por eso"] ;
   they_Pron = agr2pron ! {g=Masc ; n=Pl ; p=P3} ;
-  this_Quant = mkQuantifier "este" "esta" "estos" "estas" ;
+  this_Quant = mkQuantifier "este" "esta" "estos" "estas" "esto" ;
   through_Prep = mkPrep "por" ;
   too_AdA = ss "demasiado" ;
   to_Prep = complDat ;