Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl

doc/synopsis/Makefile

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ categories.png: categories.dot
 
 categories-imagemap.html: categories.dot
 	rm -f $@
-	echo '<img src="categories.png" usemap="#categories">' > $@
+	echo '<img src="categories.png" usemap="#categoriesmap" alt="RGL categories">' > $@
 	dot -Tcmapx $^ >> $@
 
 api-examples.gfs: api-examples.txt MkExx.hs

doc/synopsis/categories.dot

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-digraph categories {
+digraph categoriesmap {
 
 size = "11,11" ;
 node [href="#\N"];

doc/synopsis/intro.txt

@@ -13,18 +13,16 @@ to the relevant source files, which give more information. Some of the files hav
 not yet been prepared so that the machine generated documentation has the nicest
 possible format.
 
+% These hardcoded TOC links (chapter 4 onwards) need to be updated as new languages are added.
+
 The main contents are:
-- [Chapter 1 #toc2]: categories, with links to the functions for
+- [Chapter 1 #toc2]: categories, with links to the functions for constructing trees in them.
-constructing trees in them.
+- [Chapter 2 #toc5]: syntactic construction functions, with cross-links and examples.
-- [Chapter 2 #toc5]: syntactic construction functions, with cross-links and
+- [Chapter 3 #toc85]: morphological (lexical) paradigms.
-examples.
+- [Chapter 4 #toc121]: additional libraries.
-- [Chapter 3 #toc85]: morphological paradigms.
+- [Chapter 5 #toc127]: how to "browse" the library by loading the grammars into the ``gf`` command editor.
-- [Chapter 4 #toc120]: additional libraries.
+- [Chapter 6 #toc128]: a brief example of how application grammars can use the resource modules.
-- [Chapter 5 #toc126]: how to "browse" the library by
+- [Detailed table of contents #toc129].
-loading the grammars into the ``gf`` command editor.
-- [Chapter 6 #toc127]: a brief example of how application grammars can
-use the resource modules.
-- [Detailed table of contents #toc128].
 
 
 The [RGL Browser http://www.grammaticalframework.org/~john/rgl-browser/] tool allows you to interactively browse through

doc/synopsis/template.html

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $endfor$
 $if(title)$
     <header id="title-block-header">
       <a href="$rel-root$" title="Home">
-        <img src="$rel-root$/doc/Logos/gf1.svg" height="200px" class="float-md-right ml-3 mb-3 bg-white" alt="GF Logo">
+        <img src="$rel-root$/doc/Logos/gf1.svg" height="200" class="float-md-right ml-3 mb-3 bg-white" alt="GF Logo">
       </a>
       <h1 class="title">$title$</h1>
 $if(subtitle)$
@@ -113,8 +113,7 @@ $endif$
       </div>
 
       <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">
-        <h6 class="text-muted">Contribute</i>
+        <h6 class="text-muted">Contribute</h6>
-        </h6>
         <ul class="list-unstyled">
           <li><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">Mailing List</a></li>
           <li><a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-core/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
@@ -129,8 +128,8 @@ $endif$
         <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-rgl">RGL</a> ·
         <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib">Contributions</a>
       </div>
-    <div>
+    </div>
-  <div>
+  </div>
 </footer>
 $for(include-after)$
 $include-after$

src/arabic/OrthoAra.gf

@@ -6,8 +6,16 @@ oper
 
   vow : pattern Str = #("َ" | "ِ" | "ُ" | "ً" | "ٍ" | "ٌ") ;
 
+  vstar : pattern Str = #("َ"|"ِ"|"ُ"|"ً"|"ٍ"|"ٌ"|"ْ"|"ا"|"ي"|"و") ; -- long or short vowels
+
+  astar : pattern Str = #("َ"|"ً"|"ا") ; -- a: short, nunated or long
+  istar : pattern Str = #("ِ"|"ي"|"يْ") ; -- i: short, long or long with sukun
+  ustar : pattern Str = #("ُ"|"و"|"وْ") ; -- u: short, long or long with sukun
+
   weak : pattern Str = #("و"|"ي") ;
 
+  hamzaseat : pattern Str = #("أ"|"ؤ"|"ئ") ;
+
   -- "Sun letters": assimilate with def. article
   sun : pattern Str = #("ت"|"ث"|"د"|"ذ"|"ر"|"ز"|"س"|"ش"|"ص"|"ض"|"ط"|"ظ"|"ل"|"ن") ;
 
@@ -30,19 +38,19 @@ oper
 
   rectifyHmz : Str -> Str = \word ->
     case word of {
-      l@(""|"ال") + ("أ"|"أَ") + #hamza + "ْ" + tail => l + "آ" + tail;
+      l@(""|"ل"|"ال") + ("أ"|"أَ") + #hamza + "ْ" + tail => l + "آ" + tail;
-      l@(""|"ال") + ("أ"|"أَ") + #hamza  + tail      => l + "آ" + tail;
+      l@(""|"ل"|"ال") + ("أ"|"أَ") + #hamza  + tail      => l + "آ" + tail;
       l@(""|"ال") + #hamza + v@("َ"|"ُ") + tail      => l + "أ" + v + tail;
       l@(""|"ال") + #hamza + v@("ِ")     + tail      => l + "إ" + v + tail;
-      head + v1@(#vow|"ْ"|"ا"|"ي"|"و") 
+      head + v1@#vstar 
            + #hamza + v2@(#vow|"ْ") + tail => 
               case v2 of { "ْ" => head + v1 + bHmz v1 v2      + tail ; -- unsure about this /IL
                            _   => head + v1 + bHmz v1 v2 + v2 + tail } ;
-      head + v1@(#vow|"ْ"|"ا"|"ي"|"و") -- the same but it ends in vowel
+      head + v1@#vstar -- the same but it ends in vowel
            + #hamza + v2@(#vow|"ْ") =>
               case v2 of { "ْ" => head + v1 + tHmz v1 ;
                            _   => head + v1 + tHmz v1 + v2 } ;
-      head + v1@(#vow|"ْ"|"ا"|"ي"|"و") -- the same but it ends without vowel
+      head + v1@#vstar -- the same but it ends without vowel
            + #hamza => head + v1 + tHmz v1 ;
 
       head + #hamza + tail     => head + (bHmz (dp 2 head) (take 2 tail)) + tail; --last head , take 1 tail
@@ -57,11 +65,12 @@ oper
     };
 
   --hamza in middle of word (body)
+  -- relaxing the pattern matching, so that we can call it from ResAra.sing /IL
   bHmz : Str -> Str -> Str = \d1,d2 ->
     case <d1,d2> of {
-      <"ِ",_> | <_,"ِ"> => "ئ";
+      <_+#istar,_> | <_,#istar> => "ئ";
-    <"ُ",_> | <_,"ُ"> => "ؤ";
+      <_+#ustar,_> | <_,#ustar> => "ؤ";
-    <"َ",_> | <_,"َ"> => "أ";
+      <_+"َ" ,_>   | <_,"َ">  => "أ"; -- #astar would allow double alif
       _                       => "ء"
     };
 
@@ -71,7 +80,7 @@ oper
       "ِ" => "ئ";
       "ُ" => "ؤ";
       "َ" => "أ";
-    "ْ"|"ا"|"و"|"ي" => "ء"
+      _   => "ء" -- long vowels and sukun
     };
 
 }

src/arabic/ParadigmsAra.gf

@@ -530,12 +530,11 @@ resource ParadigmsAra = open
   sdfN =
     \root,sg,gen,spec ->
     let { kalimaStr = mkWord sg root;
-          kalimaRaw = sndf kalimaStr;
+          kalimaRaw : NTable = case gen of {
-          kalima : NTable = \\n,d,c => case root of {
+            Fem  =>    sndf kalimaStr ;
-            _ + #hamza + _
+            Masc => sgMsndf kalimaStr } ;
-              => rectifyHmz (kalimaRaw ! n ! d ! c);
+          kalima : NTable = \\n,d,c =>
-            _ => kalimaRaw ! n ! d ! c
+            rectifyHmz (kalimaRaw ! n ! d ! c)
-        };
     } in mkFullN kalima gen spec;
 
   sdmN =

src/arabic/ResAra.gf

@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ resource ResAra = PatternsAra ** open  Prelude, Predef, OrthoAra, ParamX  in {
     -- a word, deducing which root consonant is weak
     mkWeak : Pattern -> Root3 -> Str = \pat,fcl ->
       case <fcl.f,fcl.c,fcl.l> of {
-       <_,_,("و"|"ي"|"ّ")> => mkDefective   pat fcl;
+       <_,_,#weak|"ّ"> => mkDefective   pat fcl;
-       <_,("و"|"ي"),_>    => mkHollow      pat fcl;
+       <_,#weak,_>     => mkHollow      pat fcl;
-       <("و"|"ي"),_,_>    => mkAssimilated pat fcl
+       <#weak,_,_>     => mkAssimilated pat fcl
       };
 
     mkBilit : Pattern -> Root2 -> Str = \p,fcl ->
@@ -990,12 +990,12 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
       APosit Masc n d c => case n of {
         Sg => indeclN aHmar ! d ! c ;
         Dl => dual aHmar ! d ! c ;
-        Pl => sing Humr ! d ! c
+        Pl => brkPl Humr ! d ! c
         };
       APosit Fem n d c => case n of {
         Sg => indeclN HamrA'  ! d ! c;
         Dl => dual ((tk 2 HamrA') + "و") ! d ! c;
-        Pl => sing Humr ! d ! c
+        Pl => brkPl Humr ! d ! c
         };
       AComp d c => indeclN aHmar ! d ! c
     };
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
       table {
         Sg => sing kitAb ;
         Dl => dual kitAb ;
-        Pl => sing kutub
+        Pl => brkPl kutub
       };
 
     --takes the sound noun in singular and gives the
@@ -1024,6 +1024,16 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
         Pl => plurF lawHa
       };
 
+    --takes the sound noun in singular and gives the
+    --complete noun inflection table of sound feminine plural
+    sgMsndf : Str -> NTable  =
+      \lawHa ->
+      table {
+        Sg => sing lawHa ;
+        Dl => dual lawHa ;
+        Pl => singMplurF lawHa
+      };
+
     --takes the sound noun in singular and gives the
     --complete inflection table of sound masculine plural nominals
     sndm : Str -> NTable =
@@ -1034,14 +1044,16 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
         Pl => plurM muzAric
       };
 
+
     -- takes a singular or broken plural word and tests the ending to
     -- determine the declension and gives the corresponding inf table
-    sing : Str -> State => Case => Str = \word ->
+    brkPl : Str -> State => Case => Str = \word ->
       \\s,c => defArt s c (case word of {
         lemma + "ِيّ" => fixShd word  (decNisba ! s ! c) ;
         lemma + "ِي"  => fixShd lemma (dec2sg ! s ! c) ;
         _ + ("ا"|"ى") => fixShd word  (dec3sg ! s ! c) ;
-        lemma + ("ء"|"أ"|"ئ"|"ؤ") => word + dec1sgNoDoubleAlif ! s ! c ;
+        lemma + (#hamza|#hamzaseat)
+                      => word + dec1sgNoDoubleAlif ! s ! c ;
         lemma + "ة"   => case s of {
                             Poss => lemma + "ت" + dec1sg ! s ! c ;
                             _    => word        + dec1sgNoDoubleAlif ! s ! c
@@ -1049,6 +1061,22 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
          _             => fixShd word (dec1sg ! s ! c) 
       }) ;
 
+    sing : Str -> State => Case => Str = \word ->
+      \\s,c => case word of {
+        -- This only applies for singular indefinite
+        x + y@? + #hamza => defArt s c (
+           case <s,c> of { -- if hamza was last, it's now in the body
+              <Indef,Acc> => 
+                  case y of {
+                    #vstar => word + dec1sgNoDoubleAlif ! Indef ! Acc ;
+                    _ => let an  : Str = dec1sg ! Indef ! Acc ;
+                             hmz : Str = bHmz x an ;
+                          in x + y + hmz + an } ;
+              _ => word + dec1sg ! s ! c }) ; 
+         -- The rest is identical with singulars and broken plurals
+        _ => brkPl word ! s ! c 
+      } ;
+
 
     -- takes a singular word and tests the ending to
     -- determine the declension and gives the corresponding dual inf table
@@ -1065,6 +1093,12 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
       \kalima ->
       \\s,c => defArt s c (mkAt kalima) + f_pl ! s ! c ;
 
+    -- takes a singular masculine word and gives the corresponding
+    -- sound plural feminine table
+    singMplurF : Str -> State => Case => Str =
+      \ijra' ->
+      \\s,c => defArt s c (mkAtMasc ijra') + f_pl ! s ! c ;
+
     -- takes a singular word and gives the corresponding sound
     --plural masculine table. FIXME: consider declension 3
     plurM : Str -> State => Case => Str =
@@ -1196,6 +1230,12 @@ patHollowImp : (_,_ :Str) -> Gender => Number => Str =\xaf,xAf ->
           }
       };
 
+    mkAtMasc : Str -> Str = \x ->
+      case x of {
+        y + "ة"  => y + "ات";
+        y + "ى"  => y + "يَات"; -- TODO check does this happen?
+        _        => x + "ات"
+      };
 
     mkAt : Str -> Str = \bayDo ->
       case bayDo of {

src/catalan/DiffCat.gf

@@ -13,17 +13,19 @@ instance DiffCat of DiffRomance - [partAgr,vpAgrSubj,vpAgrClits] = open CommonRo
 --------------------------------
 
   param
-    Prepos = P_de | P_a ;
+    Prepos = P_de | P_a | P_per ;
     VType = VHabere | VRefl ;
 
 oper
     dative   : Case = CPrep P_a ;
     genitive : Case = CPrep P_de ;
+    ablative : Case = CPrep P_per ;
 
     prepCase = \c -> case c of {
       Nom => [] ;
       Acc => [] ;
       CPrep P_de => elisDe ;
+      CPrep P_per => "per" ;
       CPrep P_a  => "a"
       } ;
 
@@ -32,12 +34,16 @@ oper
       case <g,n,c> of {        ---- TODO: check the NP forms
         <Masc,Sg, CPrep P_de> => pre {"del" ; ("de l'" ++ Predef.BIND) / vocalForta} ;
         <Masc,Sg, CPrep P_a>  => pre {"al"  ; ("a l'"  ++ Predef.BIND)  / vocalForta} ;
-        <Masc,Sg, _>    => elisEl ;
-        <Fem, Sg, _>    => prepCase c ++ elisLa ;
         <Masc,Pl, CPrep P_de> => "dels" ;
         <Fem, Pl, CPrep P_de> => ["de les"] ;
+        <Masc,Sg, CPrep P_per> => "pel" ;
+        <Fem, Sg, CPrep P_per> => ["per la"] ;
+        <Masc,Pl, CPrep P_per> => "pels" ;
+        <Fem, Pl, CPrep P_per> => ["per les"] ;
         <Masc,Pl, CPrep P_a>  => "als" ;
         <Fem, Pl, CPrep P_a>  => ["a les"] ;
+        <Masc,Sg, _>    => elisEl ;
+        <Fem, Sg, _>    => prepCase c ++ elisLa ;
         <Masc,   Pl, _ >   => "els" ;
         <Fem,   Pl, _ >   => "les"
         } ;

src/catalan/DocumentationCatFunctor.gf

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ lin
     s1 = heading1 (nounHeading adjective_Category).s ;
     s2 = frameTable (
            tr (th ""                            ++ th (heading singular_Parameter)  ++ th  (heading plural_Parameter)) ++
-           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Pl))) ++
+           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Pl))) ++
-           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Pl)))
+           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Pl)))
          )
     } ;
 

src/catalan/LexiconCat.gf

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
 
 concrete LexiconCat of Lexicon = CatCat ** open
-  (M=MorphoCat), ParadigmsCat, BeschCat in {
+  (M=MorphoCat), ParadigmsCat, BeschCat, (D = DiffCat) in {
 
 flags
   coding=utf8 ;
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ lin
    become_VA = reflV (mkV "tornar") ;  -- esdevenir
    beer_N = regFN "cervesa" ;
    beg_V2V = mkV2V (mkV "demanar") accusative dative ;
-   big_A = regADeg "gros" ;
+   big_A = mkA "gros" "grossa" ;
    bike_N = regFN "bicicleta" ;
    bird_N = regMN "ocell" ;
    black_A = compADeg (mkA "negre" "negra" "negres" "negres" "negrament") ;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ lin
    girl_N = regFN "noia" ;
    glove_N = regMN "guant" ;
    gold_N = regMN "or" ;
-   good_A = prefA (mkADeg (mkA "bo" "bona") (mkA "millor")) ;
+   good_A = mkA (prefA "bo" "bon") (mkA "millor") ;
    go_V = (verbV (anar_4 "anar")) ;
    green_A = regADeg "verd" ;
    harbour_N = regMN "port" ;
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ lin
   language_N = mkN "llengua" ; -- llengües
   rule_N = regFN "regla" ;
   question_N = regFN "pregunta" ;
-  ready_A = regA "preparat" ;
+  ready_A = adjCopula (regA "preparat") D.estarCopula ;
   reason_N = regFN "raó" ;
   uncertain_A = regA "incert" ;
 

src/catalan/MorphoCat.gf

@@ -94,14 +94,19 @@ oper
 -- Here are some patterns. First one that describes the worst case.
 -- gcc M2.1
 
-  mkAdj : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj = \prim,prima,prims,primes,primament ->
+  mkAdjFull : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Adj = \bon,bo,prima,prims,primes,primament ->
     {s = table {
-       AF Masc n => numForms prim prims ! n ;
+       ASg Masc AAttr => bon ;
-       AF Fem  n => numForms prima primes ! n ;
+       ASg Masc APred => bo ;
+       ASg Fem  _ => prima ;
+       APl Masc   => prims ;
+       APl Fem    => primes ;
        AA         => primament
        }
     } ;
 
+  mkAdj : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> Adj = \a,b,c,d,e -> mkAdjFull a a b c d e ;
+
 --- Then the regular and invariant patterns.
 
   adjPrim : Str -> Adj = \prim ->
@@ -116,16 +121,15 @@ oper
     let fond = Predef.tk 1 fondo
     in  adjBlau fondo (fond + "a") ;
 
-  adjBo : Str -> Adj = \bo ->
+  adjBo : (bo,bon : Str) -> Adj = \bo,bon ->
-    mkAdj bo (bo + "na") (bo + "ns") (bo + "nes") (bo + "nament") ;
+    mkAdjFull bon bo (bon + "a") (bon + "s") (bon + "es") (bon + "ament") ;
 
   adjFidel : Str -> Adj = \fidel ->
     let fidels : Str = case (last fidel) of {
       _ + ("s"|"ç"|"x") => fidel + "os" ; --feliç; capaç
       _ => fidel + "s"
     } ;
-    in  mkAdj fidel fidel fidels fidels
+    in  mkAdj fidel fidel fidels fidels (fidel + "ment") ;
-             (fidel + "ment") ;
 
   --boig, boja, bojos, boges
   --lleig, lletja, lletjos, lletges
@@ -300,6 +304,6 @@ oper unaccent : Str -> Str = \vocal ->
 -- Determiners, traditionally called indefinite pronouns, are inflected
 -- in gender and number, like adjectives.
 
-  pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tal,g,n -> tal.s ! AF g n ;
+  pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tal,g,n -> tal.s ! genNum2Aform g n ;
 
 }

src/catalan/ParadigmsCat.gf

@@ -154,7 +154,10 @@ oper
 -- In the worst case, two separate adjectives are given:
 -- the positive ("bo"), and the comparative ("millor").
 
-    mkA : (bo : A) -> (millor : A) -> A -- special comparison (default with "mas")
+    mkA : (bo : A) -> (millor : A) -> A ; -- special comparison (default with "mas")
+
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A -- force copula type
+      
     } ;
 
 -- The functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch
@@ -164,6 +167,7 @@ oper
 -- JS: What about vi bo -> bon vi ?
 
   prefixA : A -> A ; -- adjective before noun (default: after)
+  adjCopula : A -> CopulaType -> A ; -- force copula type
 
 
 --3 Two-place adjectives
@@ -324,19 +328,23 @@ oper
   makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np (mk2PN x g)).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False ; isPol = False ; isNeg = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
 
   mk5A a b c d e =
-   compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+    compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
-  mk2A a b = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj2Reg a b).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  mk2A a b = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj2Reg a b).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
-  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
-  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  prefA = overload {
+    prefA : A -> A = \a -> a ** {isPre = True} ;
+    prefA : Str -> Str -> A = \bo,bon ->
+        compADeg (lin A {s = \\_ => (adjBo bo bon).s ; isPre = True ; copTyp = serCopula}) ;
+  } ;
 
   mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
 
   mkADeg a b =
    {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ;
-    isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+    isPre = a.isPre ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
   compADeg a =
     {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "més" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ;
-     isPre = a.isPre ;
+     isPre = a.isPre ; copTyp = a.copTyp ; 
      lock_A = <>} ;
   regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;
 
@@ -425,7 +433,7 @@ oper
 
   special_ppV ve pa = {
     s = table {
-      VPart g n => (regA pa).s ! Posit ! AF g n ;
+      VPart g n => (regA pa).s ! Posit ! genNum2Aform g n ;
       p => ve.s ! p
       } ;
     lock_V = <> ;
@@ -496,6 +504,7 @@ oper
     mkA : (lleig,lletja : Str) -> A = mk2A ;
     mkA : (fort,forta,forts,fortes,fortament : Str) -> A = mk5A ;
     mkA : (bo : A) -> (millor : A) -> A = mkADeg ;
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A = adjCopula ;
     } ;
 
   mk5A : (fort,forta,forts,fortes,fortament : Str) -> A ;
@@ -504,8 +513,12 @@ oper
   mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
   compADeg : A -> A ;
   regADeg : Str -> A ;
-  prefA : A -> A ;
+  prefA : overload {
+    prefA : A -> A ; -- gran
+    prefA : (bo,bon : Str) -> A -- predicative masc, attributive masc
+    } ;
   prefixA = prefA ;
+  adjCopula a cop = a ** {copTyp = cop} ;
 
   mkV = overload {
     mkV : (cantar : Str) -> V            = \x -> verbV (regV x) ;

src/english/ParadigmsEng.gf

@@ -455,6 +455,9 @@ mkInterj : Str -> Interj
 
   mkOrd : Str -> Ord = \x -> lin Ord { s = regGenitiveS x};
 
+  invarA : Str -> A ;
+  invarA a = mkAdjective a a a a ;
+
   mk2A a b = mkAdjective a a a b ;
   regA a = case a of {
     _ + ("a" | "e" | "i" | "o" | "u" | "y") + ? + _ + 

src/french/DocumentationFreFunctor.gf

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ lin
     s1 = heading1 (nounHeading adjective_Category).s ;
     s2 = frameTable (
            tr (th ""                            ++ th (heading singular_Parameter)  ++ th  (heading plural_Parameter)) ++
-           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Pl))) ++
+           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Pl))) ++
-           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Pl)))
+           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Pl)))
          )
     } ;
 

src/french/LexiconFre.gf

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ lin
   bad_A = prefA (mkADeg (regA "mauvais") (regA "pire")) ;
   bank_N = regGenN "banque" feminine ;
   beautiful_A = 
-    prefA (compADeg (mkA (pre {voyelle => "bel" ; _ => "beau" }) "belle" "beaux" "bellement")) ;
+    prefA (compADeg (mkA "beau" "bel" "beaux" "belle" "bellement")) ;
   become_VA = mkVA devenir_V ;
   beer_N = regGenN "bière" feminine ;
   beg_V2V = mkV2V (regV "demander") accusative dative ;
@@ -129,11 +129,11 @@ lin
   music_N = regGenN "musique" feminine ;
   narrow_A = regA "étroit" ;
   new_A = 
-    prefA (compADeg (mkA (pre {voyelle => "nouvel" ; _ => "nouveau" }) "nouvelle" "nouveaux" "nouvellement")) ;
+    prefA (compADeg (mkA "nouveau" "nouvel" "nouveaux" "nouvelle" "nouvellement")) ;
   newspaper_N = regGenN "journal" masculine ;
   oil_N = regGenN "huile" feminine ;
   old_A = 
-    prefA (compADeg (mkA (pre {voyelle => "vieil" ; _ => "vieux" }) "vieille" "vieux" "vieillement")) ; 
+    prefA (compADeg (mkA "vieux" "vieil" "vieux" "vieille" "vieillement")) ; 
   open_V2 = ouvrir_V2 ;
   paint_V2A = mkV2A (v2V peindre_V2) accusative (mkPrep "en") ;
   paper_N = regGenN "papier" masculine ;

src/french/MorphoFre.gf

@@ -72,14 +72,19 @@ oper
 -- Adjectives are conveniently seen as gender-dependent nouns.
 -- Here are some patterns. First one that describes the worst case.
 
-  mkAdj : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj = \vieux,vieuxs,vieille,vieillement ->
+  mkAdj' : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj ;
-    {s = table {
+  mkAdj' vieux vieil vieuxs vieille vieillement = {
-       AF Masc n => numForms vieux vieuxs ! n ;
+    s = table {
-       AF Fem  n => nomReg vieille ! n ;
+      ASg Masc _ => pre {#voyelle => vieil ; "h" => vieil ; _ => vieux} ;
+      ASg Fem _  => vieille ;
+      APl g      => genForms vieuxs (vieille + "s") ! g ;
       AA         => vieillement
       }
     } ;
 
+  mkAdj : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj ;
+  mkAdj bleu bleus bleue bleuement = mkAdj' bleu bleu bleus bleue bleuement ;
+
 -- Then the regular and invariant patterns.
 
   adjReg : Str -> Gender => Number => Str = \bu -> table {

src/french/ParadigmsFre.gf

@@ -160,15 +160,21 @@ oper
 
     mkA : (banal,banale,banaux : Str) -> A ;
 
--- This is the worst-case paradigm for the positive forms.
+-- This is the worst-case paradigm for the positive forms, except for "vieux/vieil".
 
-    mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ; -- worst-case adjective
+    mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ; -- almost worst-case adjective
+
+-- This is the worst-case paradigm for the positive forms, used for "vieux/vieil".
+    mkA : (vieux,vieil,vieille,vieuxs,vieuxment : Str) -> A ; -- worst-case adjetive
 
 -- If comparison forms are irregular (i.e. not formed by "plus", e.g.
 -- "bon-meilleur"), the positive and comparative can be given as separate
 -- adjectives.
 
-    mkA : A -> A -> A -- irregular comparison, e.g. bon-meilleur
+    mkA : A -> A -> A ; -- irregular comparison, e.g. bon-meilleur
+
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A -- force copula type
+      
   } ;
 
 -- The functions create by default postfix adjectives. To switch
@@ -387,9 +393,11 @@ oper
     mkPN : N -> PN = \x -> lin PN {s = x.s ! Sg ; g = x.g} ;
     } ;
 
-  mk4A a b c d = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a c b d).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  mk4A a b c d = mk5A a a b c d ;
-  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  mk5A a b c d e = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj' a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
-  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; copTyp = a.copTyp ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  adjCopula a cop = a ** {copTyp = cop} ;
 
   mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
 
@@ -398,10 +406,12 @@ oper
     mkA : (sec,seche : Str) -> A = \sec,seche -> mk4A sec seche (sec + "s") (seche + "ment") ; 
     mkA : (banal,banale,banaux : Str) -> A = \sec,seche,secs -> mk4A sec seche secs (seche + "ment") ; 
     mkA : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A = mk4A ;
-    mkA : A -> A -> A = mkADeg
+    mkA : (vieux,vieil,vieille,vieuxs,vieuxment : Str) -> A = mk5A ;
+    mkA : A -> A -> A = mkADeg ;
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A = adjCopula ;
   };
 
-  prefixA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  prefixA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; copTyp = a.copTyp ; lock_A = <>} ;
 
   mkAdv x = ss x ** {lock_Adv = <>} ;
   mkAdV x = ss x ** {lock_AdV = <>} ;
@@ -471,16 +481,18 @@ oper
 
   regA : Str -> A ;
   mk4A : (banal,banale,banaux,banalement : Str) -> A ;
+  mk5A : (vieux,vieil,vieille,vieuxs,vieuxment : Str) -> A ; -- worst-case adjetive
 
   prefA : A -> A ;
+  adjCopula : A -> CopulaType -> A ;
 
   mkADeg a b = 
-    {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ; isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+    {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ; isPre = a.isPre ; copTyp = a.copTyp ; lock_A = <>} ;
   compADeg a = 
     {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "plus" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ; 
      isPre = a.isPre ;
+     copTyp = a.copTyp ;
      lock_A = <>} ;
-  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
 
   mkV = overload {
     mkV : Str -> V = regV ;

src/german/IrregGer.gf

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ in {
 
   lin backen_V =  irregV "backen" "bäckt" "backt" "backt" "gebacken" ;
   lin backen_u_V =  irregV "backen" "bäckt" "buk" "buke" "gebacken" ;
-  lin befehlen_V =  irregV "befehlen" "befiehlt" "befahl" "beföhle" "befähle)" ;
+  lin befehlen_V =  irregV "befehlen" "befiehlt" "befahl" "beföhle" "befähle" ;
-  lin beginnen_V =  irregV "beginnen" "beginnt" "begann" "begönne" "begänne)" ;
+  lin beginnen_V =  irregV "beginnen" "beginnt" "begann" "begönne" "begänne" ;
-  lin beißen_V =  irregV "beißen" "beißt" "biß" "bisse" "gebissen" ;
+  lin beißen_V =  irregV "beißen" "beißt" "biss" "bisse" "gebissen" ;
   lin bergen_V =  irregV "bergen" "birgt" "barg" "bärge" "geborgen" ;
   lin bersten_V =  irregV "bersten" "birst" "barst" "bärste" "geborsten" ;
   lin bewegen_V =  irregV "bewegen" "bewegt" "bewog" "bewöge" "bewogen" ;
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ in {
   lin flechten_V =  irregV "flechten" "flicht" "flocht" "flöchte" "geflochten" ;
   lin fliegen_V =  irregV "fliegen" "fliegt" "flog" "flöge" "geflogen" ;
   lin fliehen_V =  irregV "fliehen" "flieht" "floh" "flöhe" "geflohen" ;
-  lin fließen_V =  irregV "fließen" "fließt" "floß" "flösse" "geflossen" ;
+  lin fließen_V =  irregV "fließen" "fließt" "floss" "flösse" "geflossen" ;
-  lin fressen_V =  irregV "fressen" "frißt" "fraß" "fräße" "gefressen" ;
+  lin fressen_V =  irregV "fressen" "frisst" "fraß" "fräße" "gefressen" ;
   lin frieren_V =  irregV "frieren" "friert" "fror" "fröre" "gefroren" ;
   lin gären_V =  irregV "gären" "gärt" "gärte" "göre" "gegoren" ;
   lin gären_o_V =  irregV "gären" "gärt" "gor" "göre" "gegoren" ;
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ in {
   lin gelten_V =  irregV "gelten" "gilt" "galt" "galte" "gegolten" ;
   lin gelten_o_V =  irregV "gelten" "gilt" "galt" "golte" "gegolten" ;
   lin genesen_V =  irregV "genesen" "genest" "genas" "genäse" "genesen" ;
-  lin genießen_V =  irregV "genießen" "genießt" "genoß" "genösse" "genossen" ;
+  lin genießen_V =  irregV "genießen" "genießt" "genoss" "genösse" "genossen" ;
   lin geschehen_V =  irregV "geschehen" "geschieht" "geschah" "geschehen" "geschähe" ;
   lin gewinnen_V =  irregV "gewinnen" "gewinnt" "gewann" "gewänne" "gewonnen" ;
   lin gewinnen_o_V =  irregV "gewinnen" "gewinnt" "gewann" "gewönne" "gewonnen" ;
-  lin gießen_V =  irregV "gießen" "gießt" "goß" "gösse" "gegossen" ;
+  lin gießen_V =  irregV "gießen" "gießt" "goss" "gösse" "gegossen" ;
   lin gleichen_V =  irregV "gleichen" "gleicht" "glich" "gliche" "geglichen" ;
   lin gleiten_V =  irregV "gleiten" "gleitet" "glitt" "glitte" "geglitten" ;
   lin glimmen_V =  irregV "glimmen" "glimmt" "glomm" "glimmte" "glömme" ;
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ in {
   lin kriechen_V =  irregV "kriechen" "kriecht" "kroch" "kröche" "gekrochen" ;
   lin küren_V =  irregV "küren" "kürt" "kürte" "kor" "gekürt" ;
   lin laden_V =  irregV "laden" "lädt" "lud" "lüde" "geladen" ;
-  lin lassen_V =  irregV "lassen" "läßt" "ließ" "ließe" "gelassen" ;
+  lin lassen_V =  irregV "lassen" "lässt" "ließ" "ließe" "gelassen" ;
   lin laufen_V =  irregV "laufen" "läuft" "lief" "liefe" "gelaufen" ;
   lin leiden_V =  irregV "leiden" "leidt" "litt" "litte" "gelitten" ;
   lin leihen_V =  irregV "leihen" "leiht" "lieh" "liehe" "geliehen" ;
@@ -104,14 +104,15 @@ in {
   lin mahlen_V =  irregV "mahlen" "mahlt" "mahlte" "mahlte" "gemahlen" ;
   lin meiden_V =  irregV "meiden" "meidt" "mied" "miede" "gemieden" ;
   lin melken_V =  irregV "melken" "milkt" "molk" "mölke" "gemolken" ;
-  lin messen_V =  irregV "messen" "mißt" "maß" "mäße" "gemessen" ;
+  lin messen_V =  irregV "messen" "misst" "maß" "mäße" "gemessen" ;
-  lin mißlingen_V =  irregV "mißlingen" "mißlingt" "mißlang" "mißlungen" "mißlänge" ;
+  lin mißlingen_V =  irregV "misslingen" "misslingt" "misslang" "misslungen" "misslänge" ;  -- old spelling
+  lin misslingen_V =  irregV "misslingen" "misslingt" "misslang" "misslungen" "misslänge" ;
   lin mögen_V =  lin V (M.mkV "mögen" "mag" "magst" "mag" "mögt" "mög" 
                           "mochte" "mochtest" "mochten" "mochtet"
                           "möchte" "gemocht" [] M.VHaben) ;
-  lin müssen_V = lin V (M.mkV "müssen" "muß" "mußt" "muß" "müßt" "müß" 
+  lin müssen_V = lin V (M.mkV "müssen" "muss" "musst" "muss" "müsst" "müss" 
-                          "mußte" "mußtest" "mußten" "mußtet"
+                          "musste" "musstest" "mussten" "musstet"
-                          "müßte" "gemußt" [] M.VHaben) ;
+                          "müsste" "gemusst" [] M.VHaben) ;
   lin nehmen_V = mk6V "nehmen" "nimmt" "nimm" "nahm" "nähme" "genommen" ;
   lin nennen_V =  irregV "nennen" "nennt" "nannte" "nennte" "genannt" ;
   lin pfeifen_V =  irregV "pfeifen" "pfeift" "pfiff" "pfiffe" "gepfiffen" ;
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ in {
   lin quellen_V =  irregV "quellen" "quillt" "quoll" "quölle" "gequollen" ;
   lin raten_V =  irregV "raten" "rät" "riet" "riete" "geraten" ;
   lin reiben_V =  irregV "reiben" "reibt" "rieb" "riebe" "gerieben" ;
-  lin reißen_V =  irregV "reißen" "reißt" "riß" "riße" "gerissen" ;
+  lin reißen_V =  irregV "reißen" "reißt" "riss" "risse" "gerissen" ;
   lin reiten_V =  irregV "reiten" "reitet" "ritt" "ritte" "geritten" ;
   lin rennen_V =  irregV "rennen" "rennt" "rannte" "rennte" "gerannt" ;
   lin riechen_V =  irregV "riechen" "riecht" "roch" "röche" "gerochen" ;
@@ -132,20 +133,20 @@ in {
   lin schaffen_V =  irregV "schaffen" "schafft" "schuf" "schüfe" "geschaffen" ;
   lin scheiden_V =  irregV "scheiden" "scheidt" "schied" "schiede" "geschieden" ;
   lin scheinen_V =  irregV "scheinen" "scheint" "schien" "schiene" "geschienen" ;
-  lin scheißen_V =  irregV "scheißen" "scheißt" "schiß" "schiße" "geschissen" ;
+  lin scheißen_V =  irregV "scheißen" "scheißt" "schiss" "schisse" "geschissen" ;
   lin schelten_V =  irregV "schelten" "schilt" "schalt" "schölte" "gescholten" ;
   lin scheren_V =  irregV "scheren" "schert" "schor" "schöre" "geschoren" ;
   lin schieben_V =  irregV "schieben" "schiebt" "schob" "schöbe" "geschoben" ;
-  lin schießen_V =  irregV "schießen" "schießt" "schoß" "schösse" "geschossen" ;
+  lin schießen_V =  irregV "schießen" "schießt" "schoss" "schösse" "geschossen" ;
   lin schinden_V =  irregV "schinden" "schindt" "schund" "schunde" "geschunden" ;
   lin schlafen_V =  irregV "schlafen" "schläft" "schlief" "schliefe" "geschlafen" ;
   lin schlagen_V =  irregV "schlagen" "schlägt" "schlug" "schlüge" "geschlagen" ;
   lin schleichen_V =  irregV "schleichen" "schleicht" "schlich" "schliche" "geschlichen" ;
   lin schleifen_V =  irregV "schleifen" "schleift" "schliff" "schliffe" "geschliffen" ;
-  lin schleißen_V =  irregV "schleißen" "schleißt" "schliß" "schliß" "geschlissen" ;
+  lin schleißen_V =  irregV "schleißen" "schleißt" "schliss" "schliss" "geschlissen" ;
-  lin schließen_V =  irregV "schließen" "schließt" "schloß" "schlösse" "geschlossen" ;
+  lin schließen_V =  irregV "schließen" "schließt" "schloss" "schlösse" "geschlossen" ;
   lin schlingen_V =  irregV "schlingen" "schlingt" "schlang" "schlünge" "geschlungen" ;
-  lin schmeißen_V =  irregV "schmeißen" "schmeißt" "schmiß" "schmiße" "geschmissen" ;
+  lin schmeißen_V =  irregV "schmeißen" "schmeißt" "schmiss" "schmisse" "geschmissen" ;
   lin schmelzen_V =  irregV "schmelzen" "schmilzt" "schmolz" "schmölze" "geschmolzen" ;
   lin schneiden_V =  irregV "schneiden" "schneidet" "schnitt" "schnitte" "geschnitten" ;
   lin schreiben_V =  irregV "schreiben" "schreibt" "schrieb" "schriebe" "geschrieben" ;
@@ -173,9 +174,9 @@ in {
   lin speien_V =  irregV "speien" "speit" "spie" "spie" "gespien" ;
   lin spinnen_V =  irregV "spinnen" "spinnt" "spann" "spänne" "gesponnen" ;
   lin spinnen_o_V =  irregV "spinnen" "spinnt" "spann" "spönne" "gesponnen" ;
-  lin spleißen_V =  irregV "spleißen" "spleißt" "spliß" "spliße" "gesplissen" ;
+  lin spleißen_V =  irregV "spleißen" "spleißt" "spliss" "splisse" "gesplissen" ;
   lin sprechen_V =  irregV "sprechen" "spricht" "sprach" "spräche" "gesprochen" ;
-  lin sprießen_V =  irregV "sprießen" "sprießt" "sproß" "sprösse" "gesprossen" ;
+  lin sprießen_V =  irregV "sprießen" "sprießt" "spross" "sprösse" "gesprossen" ;
   lin springen_V =  irregV "springen" "springt" "sprang" "spränge" "gesprungen" ;
   lin stechen_V =  irregV "stechen" "sticht" "stach" "stäche" "gestochen" ;
   lin stehen_V =  irregV "stehen" "steht" "stand" "stände" "gestanden" ;
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ in {
                        "tat" "tatest" "taten" "tatet"
                        "täte" "getan" [] M.VHaben) ;
   lin verderben_V =  irregV "verderben" "verdirbt" "verdarb" "verdarbe" "verdorben" ;
-  lin vergessen_V =  irregV "vergessen" "vergißt" "vergaß" "vergäße" "vergessen" ;
+  lin vergessen_V =  irregV "vergessen" "vergisst" "vergaß" "vergäße" "vergessen" ;
   lin verlieren_V =  irregV "verlieren" "verliert" "verlor" "verlöre" "verloren" ;
   lin wachsen_V =  irregV "wachsen" "wächst" "wuchs" "wüchse" "gewachsen" ;
   lin wägen_V =  irregV "wägen" "wägt" "wog" "woge" "gewogen" ;
@@ -229,4 +230,28 @@ in {
   lin ziehen_V =  irregV "ziehen" "zieht" "zog" "zöge" "gezogen" ;
   lin zwingen_V =  irregV "zwingen" "zwingt" "zwang" "zwänge" "gezwungen" ;
 
+
+-- old spellings, before the German orthography reform
+-- see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_orthography_reform_of_1996
+
+  lin beißen_old_V =  irregV "beißen" "beißt" "biß" "bisse" "gebissen" ;
+  lin fließen_old_V =  irregV "fließen" "fließt" "floß" "flösse" "geflossen" ;
+  lin fressen_old_V =  irregV "fressen" "frißt" "fraß" "fräße" "gefressen" ;
+  lin genießen_old_V =  irregV "genießen" "genießt" "genoß" "genösse" "genossen" ;
+  lin gießen_old_V =  irregV "gießen" "gießt" "goß" "gösse" "gegossen" ;
+  lin lassen_old_V =  irregV "lassen" "läßt" "ließ" "ließe" "gelassen" ;
+  lin messen_old_V =  irregV "messen" "mißt" "maß" "mäße" "gemessen" ;
+  lin mißlingen_old_V =  irregV "mißlingen" "mißlingt" "mißlang" "mißlungen" "mißlänge" ;
+  lin müssen_old_V = lin V (M.mkV "müssen" "muß" "mußt" "muß" "müßt" "müß" 
+                          "mußte" "mußtest" "mußten" "mußtet"
+                          "müßte" "gemußt" [] M.VHaben) ;
+  lin reißen_old_V =  irregV "reißen" "reißt" "riß" "riße" "gerissen" ;
+  lin scheißen_old_V =  irregV "scheißen" "scheißt" "schiß" "schiße" "geschissen" ;
+  lin schießen_old_V =  irregV "schießen" "schießt" "schoß" "schösse" "geschossen" ;
+  lin schleißen_old_V =  irregV "schleißen" "schleißt" "schliß" "schliß" "geschlissen" ;
+  lin schließen_old_V =  irregV "schließen" "schließt" "schloß" "schlösse" "geschlossen" ;
+  lin schmeißen_old_V =  irregV "schmeißen" "schmeißt" "schmiß" "schmiße" "geschmissen" ;
+  lin spleißen_old_V =  irregV "spleißen" "spleißt" "spliß" "spliße" "gesplissen" ;
+  lin sprießen_old_V =  irregV "sprießen" "sprießt" "sproß" "sprösse" "gesprossen" ;
+  lin vergessen_old_V =  irregV "vergessen" "vergißt" "vergaß" "vergäße" "vergessen" ;
 }

src/german/IrregGerAbs.gf

@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ abstract IrregGerAbs = Cat ** {
   fun meiden_V : V ;
   fun melken_V : V ;
   fun messen_V : V ;
-  fun mißlingen_V : V ;
+  fun mißlingen_V : V ;  -- old spelling
+  fun misslingen_V : V ;
   fun mögen_V : V ;
   fun müssen_V : V ;
   fun nehmen_V : V ;
@@ -193,4 +194,27 @@ abstract IrregGerAbs = Cat ** {
   fun zeihen_V : V ;
   fun ziehen_V : V ;
   fun zwingen_V : V ;
+
+
+-- old spellings, before the German orthography reform
+-- see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_orthography_reform_of_1996
+
+  fun beißen_old_V : V ;
+  fun fließen_old_V : V ;
+  fun fressen_old_V : V ;
+  fun genießen_old_V : V ;
+  fun gießen_old_V : V ;
+  fun lassen_old_V : V ;
+  fun messen_old_V : V ;
+  fun mißlingen_old_V : V ;
+  fun müssen_old_V : V ;
+  fun reißen_old_V : V ;
+  fun scheißen_old_V : V ;
+  fun schießen_old_V : V ;
+  fun schleißen_old_V : V ;
+  fun schließen_old_V : V ;
+  fun schmeißen_old_V : V ;
+  fun spleißen_old_V : V ;
+  fun sprießen_old_V : V ;
+  fun vergessen_old_V : V ;
 }

src/italian/DocumentationItaFunctor.gf

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ lin
     s1 = heading1 (nounHeading adjective_Category).s ;
     s2 = frameTable (
            tr (th ""                            ++ th (heading singular_Parameter)  ++ th  (heading plural_Parameter)) ++
-           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Pl))) ++
+           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Pl))) ++
-           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Pl)))
+           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Pl)))
          )
     } ;
 

src/italian/MakeStructuralIta.gf

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ oper
 
   mkPredet = overload {
     mkPredet : A -> Predet = \adj -> lin Predet {
-        s = \\a,c => prepCase c ++ adj.s ! Posit ! AF a.g a.n ;
+        s = \\a,c => prepCase c ++ adj.s ! Posit ! genNum2Aform a.g a.n ;
         c = Nom ;
         a = PNoAg
         } ;

src/italian/MorphoIta.gf

@@ -78,8 +78,10 @@ oper
 
   mkAdj : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj = \solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente ->
     {s = table {
-       AF Masc n => numForms solo soli ! n ;
+      ASg Masc _ => solo ;
-       AF Fem  n => numForms sola sole ! n ;
+      ASg Fem  _ => sola ;
+      APl Masc   => soli ;
+      APl Fem    => sole ;
       AA         => solamente
       }
     } ;
@@ -189,6 +191,6 @@ oper
 -- Determiners, traditionally called indefinite pronouns, are inflected
 -- in gender and number, like adjectives.
 
-  pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! AF g n ;
+  pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! genNum2Aform g n ;
 
 }

src/italian/ParadigmsIta.gf

@@ -165,7 +165,9 @@ oper
 -- With irregular comparison, there are as it were two adjectives:
 -- the positive ("buono") and the comparative ("migliore"). 
 
-    mkA : A -> A -> A -- special comparison, e.g. buono - migliore
+    mkA : A -> A -> A ; -- special comparison, e.g. buono - migliore
+
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A -- force copula type
     } ;
 
 -- All the functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch
@@ -367,18 +369,19 @@ oper
   makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np (mk2PN x g)).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False ; isPol = False ; isNeg = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
 
   mk5A a b c d e = 
-   compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+   compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
-  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
-  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; copTyp = a.copTyp ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  adjCopula a cop = a ** {copTyp = cop} ;
 
   mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
 
   mkADeg a b = 
    {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ; 
-    isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+    isPre = a.isPre ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
   compADeg a = 
     {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "più" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ; 
-     isPre = a.isPre ;
+     isPre = a.isPre ; copTyp = a.copTyp ;
      lock_A = <>} ;
   regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;
 
@@ -510,11 +513,13 @@ oper
   mkA = overload {
     mkA : (bianco : Str) -> A = regA ;
     mkA : (solo,sola,soli,sole, solamente : Str) -> A = mk5A ;
-    mkA : A -> A -> A = mkADeg
+    mkA : A -> A -> A = mkADeg ;
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A = adjCopula ;
     } ;
   mk5A : (solo,sola,soli,sole, solamente : Str) -> A ;
   regA : Str -> A ;
   prefA : A -> A ;
+  adjCopula : A -> CopulaType -> A ;
   mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
   compADeg : A -> A ;
   regADeg : Str -> A ;

src/portuguese/DocumentationPorFunctor.gf

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ lin
     s1 = heading1 (nounHeading adjective_Category).s ;
     s2 = frameTable (
            tr (th ""                            ++ th (heading singular_Parameter)  ++ th  (heading plural_Parameter)) ++
-           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Pl))) ++
+           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Pl))) ++
-           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Pl)))
+           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Pl)))
          )
     } ;
 

src/portuguese/ExtendPor.gf

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ concrete ExtendPor of Extend =
       } ;
 
     ICompAP ap = {
-      s =\\a => "o quão" ++ ap.s ! AF a.g a.n ;
+      s =\\a => "o quão" ++ ap.s ! (genNum2Aform a.g a.n) ;
       cop = serCopula
       } ;
 
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ concrete ExtendPor of Extend =
   lin
     PresPartAP vp = {
       s = \\af => gerVP vp (aform2aagr af ** {p = P3}) ;
-      isPre = False
+      isPre = False ;
+      copTyp = serCopula
       } ;
 
     PastPartAP vps = pastPartAP vps [] ;
@@ -165,12 +166,12 @@ concrete ExtendPor of Extend =
     ComplBareVS = ComplVS ;
 
     AdjAsCN ap = {
-      s =\\n => ap.s ! AF Masc n ;
+      s =\\n => ap.s ! (genNum2Aform Masc n) ;
       g = Masc
       } ;
 
     AdjAsNP ap = heavyNP {
-      s = \\_c => ap.s ! AF Masc Sg ;
+      s = \\_c => ap.s ! ASg Masc APred ;
       a = Ag Masc Sg P3
       } ;
 
@@ -178,7 +179,8 @@ concrete ExtendPor of Extend =
     pastPartAP : VPSlash -> Str -> AP ;
     pastPartAP vps agent = lin AP {
       s = \\af => vps.comp ! (aform2aagr af ** {p = P3}) ++ vps.s.s ! VPart (aform2gender af) (aform2number af) ++ agent ;
-      isPre = False
+      isPre = False ;
+      copTyp = serCopula
       } ;
 
     passVPSlash : VPSlash -> Str -> VP ;
@@ -200,12 +202,11 @@ concrete ExtendPor of Extend =
       } ;
 
     CompoundAP noun adj = {
-      s = \\af => case af of {
+      s = \\af => case (aform2aagr af) of {
-        AF g n => adj.s ! Posit ! AF noun.g n ++ "de" ++ noun.s ! n ;
+        {n = n} => adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform noun.g n) ++ "de" ++ noun.s ! n
-        -- do I need do(s)/da(s)?
-        _ => adj.s ! Posit ! AF noun.g Sg ++ "de" ++ noun.s ! Sg
         } ;
-      isPre = adj.isPre
+      isPre = adj.isPre ;
+      copTyp = adj.copTyp
       } ;
 
     GerundCN vp = {

src/portuguese/IdiomPor.gf

@@ -52,4 +52,12 @@ concrete IdiomPor of Idiom = CatPor **
       mkImperative False P1 vp ! RPos ! Masc ! Pl ; --- fem
       } ;
 
-}
+    ImpP3 np vp = {
+      s = "deixe" ++ (np.s ! Nom).ton ++ infVP vp np.a ;
+        } ;
+
+    SelfAdvVP vp = vp ;
+    SelfAdVVP vp = vp ;
+    SelfNP np = np ;
+
+} ;

src/portuguese/LexiconPor.gf

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
 
 concrete LexiconPor of Lexicon = CatPor ** open
-  (M=MorphoPor), ParadigmsPor, BeschPor, Prelude in {
+  (M=MorphoPor), ParadigmsPor, BeschPor, Prelude, (D = DiffPor) in {
 
 flags
   optimize=values ;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ lin
    near_A      = mkA "perto" ;
    new_A       = prefA (mkA "novo") ;
    old_A       = prefA (mkA "velho") ;
-   ready_A     = mkA "pronto" ;
+   ready_A     = adjCopula (mkA "pronto") D.estarCopula ;
    red_A       = mkA "vermelho" ;
    rotten_A    = mkA "podre" ;
    round_A     = mkA "redondo" ;
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ lin
    belly_N      = mkN "barriga" ;
    bike_N       = mkN "bicicleta" ;
    bird_N       = mkN "pássaro" ;
-   blood_N      = mkN "sangue" nonExist ;
+   blood_N      = mkN "sangue" "sangues" ;
    boat_N       = mkN "bote" ;
    bone_N       = mkN "osso" ;
    book_N       = mkN "livro" ;
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ lin
    doctor_N     = mkN "médico" ;		-- médica
    dog_N        = mkN "cachorro" ;		-- cadela
    door_N       = mkN "porta" ;
-   dust_N       = mkN "poeira" nonExist ;
+   dust_N       = mkN "poeira" "poeiras" ;
    ear_N        = mkN "orelha" ;
    earth_N      = mkN "terra" ;
    egg_N        = mkN "ovo" ;
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ lin
    fingernail_N = mkN "unha" ;
    fire_N       = mkN "fogo" ;
    fish_N       = mkN "peixe" ;
-   floor_N      = mkN "chão" nonExist ; -- piso
+   floor_N      = mkN "piso" "pisos" ; -- piso
    flower_N     = mkN "flor" feminine ;
    fog_N        = mkN "névoa" ;
    foot_N       = mkN "pé" ;
@@ -136,11 +136,11 @@ lin
    garden_N     = mkN "jardim" ;
    girl_N       = mkN "menina" ;
    glove_N      = mkN "luva" ;
-   gold_N       = mkN "ouro" nonExist ;
+   gold_N       = mkN "ouro" "ouros" ;
    grammar_N    = mkN "gramática" ;
-   grass_N      = mkN "grama" nonExist ;
+   grass_N      = mkN "grama" "gramas" ;
    guts_N       = mkN "tripa" ;
-   hair_N       = mkN "cabelo" nonExist ;
+   hair_N       = mkN "cabelo" "cabelos" ;
    hand_N       = mkN "mão" "mãos" feminine ;
    harbour_N    = mkN "porto" ;
    hat_N        = mkN "chapéu" ;
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ lin
    lamp_N       = mkN "lâmpada" ;
    language_N   = mkN "linguagem" ;
    leaf_N       = mkN "folha" ;
-   leather_N    = mkN "couro" nonExist ;
+   leather_N    = mkN "couro" "couros" ;
    leg_N        = mkN "perna" ;
    liver_N      = mkN "fígado" ;
    louse_N      = mkN "piolho" ;
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ lin
    rubber_N     = mkN "borracha" ;
    rule_N       = mkN "regra" ;
    salt_N       = mkN "sal" ;
-   sand_N       = mkN "areia" nonExist ;
+   sand_N       = mkN "areia" "areias" ;
    school_N     = mkN "escola" ;
    science_N    = mkN "ciência" ;
    sea_N        = mkN "mar" ;
@@ -213,17 +213,17 @@ lin
    shirt_N      = mkN "camisa" ;
    shoe_N       = mkN "sapato" ;
    shop_N       = mkN "loja" ;
-   silver_N     = mkN "prata" nonExist ;
+   silver_N     = mkN "prata" "pratas" ;
    sister_N     = mkN "irmã" ;
    skin_N       = mkN "pele" feminine ;
    sky_N        = mkN "céu" ;
-   smoke_N      = mkN "fumaça" nonExist ;
+   smoke_N      = mkN "fumaça" "fumaças" ;
    snake_N      = mkN "cobra" ;
-   snow_N       = mkN "neve" nonExist feminine ;
+   snow_N       = mkN "neve" "neves" feminine ;
    sock_N       = mkN "meia" ;
    song_N       = mkN "canção" "canções" feminine ;
    star_N       = mkN "estrela" ;
-   steel_N      = mkN "aço" nonExist ;
+   steel_N      = mkN "aço" "aços" ;
    stick_N      = mkN "bastão" "bastões" ;
    stone_N      = mkN "pedra" ;
    stove_N      = mkN "forno" ;

src/portuguese/MorphoPor.gf

@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ oper
   mkAdj : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj =
     \burro,burra,burros,burras,burramente ->
     {s = table {
-       AF Masc n => numForms burro burros ! n ;
+       ASg g _ => genForms burro burra ! g ;
-       AF Fem  n => numForms burra burras ! n ;
+       APl g   => genForms burros burras ! g ;
        AA      => burramente
        }
     } ;
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ oper
     adj = mkAdjReg aj
     in {
       s = table {
-        AF g n => adj.s ! AF g n ;
+        ASg g _ => adj.s ! ASg g APred ;
+        APl g   => adj.s ! APl g ;
         AA => av
         }
     } ;
@@ -245,11 +246,11 @@ oper
 -- inflected in gender and number, like adjectives.
 
   pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str =
-    \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! AF g n ;
+    \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! (genNum2Aform g n) ;
 
   mkOrdinal : A -> Ord = \adj ->
   lin Ord {
-    s = \\ag => adj.s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n ;
+    s = \\ag => adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform ag.g ag.n) ;
     } ;
 
   mkQuantifier : (esse,essa,esses,essas : Str) -> Quant = \esse,essa,esses,essas->

src/portuguese/ParadigmsPor.gf

@@ -184,10 +184,14 @@ oper
 
 --2 Adjectives
   compADeg : A -> A ;
-  compADeg a = {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ;
+  compADeg a = lin A {
-                           _ => \\f => "mais" ++
+    s = table {
-                             a.s ! Posit ! f} ;
+      Posit => a.s ! Posit ;
-                isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+      _ => \\f => "mais" ++  a.s ! Posit ! f
+      } ;
+    isPre = a.isPre ;
+    copTyp = a.copTyp
+    } ;
 
 {-  superlADeg : A -> A ;
   superlADeg a = {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ;
@@ -200,24 +204,32 @@ oper
 --  regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;
 
   regA : Str -> A ;
-  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ;
+  regA a = compADeg (lin A {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula}) ;
-                     lock_A = <>} ;
 
   mk2A : (único,unicamente : Str) -> A ;
   mk2A adj adv = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj2 adj adv).s ; isPre = False ;
+                           copTyp = serCopula ;
                            lock_A = <>} ;
 
   mk5A : (preto,preta,pretos,pretas,pretamente : Str) -> A ;
   mk5A a b c d e = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ;
-                             isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+                             isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ;
+                             lock_A = <>} ;
+
+  adjCopula : A -> CopulaType -> A ;
+  adjCopula a cop = a ** {copTyp = cop} ;
 
   mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
-  mkADeg a b = {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ;
+  mkADeg a b = lin A {
+    s = table {
+      Posit => a.s ! Posit ;
       _ => b.s ! Posit
         -- Compar => b.s ! Posit ;
         -- Superl => "o" ++ b.s ! Posit ;
       } ;
-                isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+    isPre = a.isPre ;
+    copTyp = a.copTyp
+    } ;
 
   mkNonInflectA : A -> Str -> A ;
   mkNonInflectA = \blanco,hueso -> blanco ** {s = \\x,y => blanco.s ! x ! y ++ hueso } ;
@@ -246,6 +258,9 @@ oper
 
     mkA : (blanco : A) -> (hueso : Str) -> A  -- noninflecting component after the adjective
       = mkNonInflectA ;
+
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A -- force copula type
+      = adjCopula ;
     } ;
 
 -- The functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch them to
@@ -256,7 +271,7 @@ oper
     prefixA = prefA ;
 
     prefA : A -> A ;
-    prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+    prefA a = lin A {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; copTyp = a.copTyp} ;
 
 --3 Two-place adjectives
 --
@@ -320,7 +335,7 @@ oper
         "or" | "ôr" => pôr_Besch ;
         _ => comprar_Besch -- hole
         }
-    in verboV (paradigm v) ;
+    in lin V (verboV (paradigm v)) ;
 
   mkV = overload {
 --- [ ] update
@@ -345,8 +360,8 @@ oper
 -- "Bescherelle" book. To use them in the category $V$, wrap them with
 -- the function
 
-    mkV : Verbum -> V = -- import verb constructed with BeschPor
+    mkV : Verbum -> V = \v -> -- import verb constructed with BeschPor
-      verboV ;
+      lin V (verboV v) ;
 
     -- particle verb
     mkV : V -> Str -> V =
@@ -366,7 +381,7 @@ oper
   -- deviant past participle, e.g. abrir - aberto
   special_ppV ve pa = {
     s = table {
-      VPart g n => (adjPreto pa).s ! AF g n ;
+      VPart g n => (adjPreto pa).s ! (genNum2Aform g n) ;
       p => ve.s ! p
       } ;
     lock_V = <> ;
@@ -516,6 +531,6 @@ oper
                   isPol = False ;
                   isNeg = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
 
-  reflVerboV : Verbum -> V = \ve -> reflV (verboV ve) ;
+  reflVerboV : Verbum -> V = \ve -> reflV (lin V (verboV ve)) ;
 
 } ;

src/romance/AdjectiveRomance.gf

@@ -5,60 +5,68 @@ incomplete concrete AdjectiveRomance of Adjective =
 
     PositA a = {
       s = a.s ! Posit ;
-      isPre = a.isPre
+      isPre = a.isPre ;
+      copTyp = a.copTyp        
       } ;
     ComparA a np = {
       s = \\af => a.s ! Compar ! af ++ conjThan ++ (np.s ! Nom).ton ;
-      isPre = False
+      isPre = False ;
+      copTyp = a.copTyp
       } ;
     CAdvAP ad ap np = {
       s = \\af => ad.s ++ ap.s ! af ++ ad.p ++ (np.s ! Nom).ton ;
-      isPre = False
+      isPre = False ;
+      copTyp = ap.copTyp
       } ;
     UseComparA a = {
       s = \\af => a.s ! Compar ! af ;
-      isPre = a.isPre
+      isPre = a.isPre ;
+      copTyp = a.copTyp
       } ;
     AdjOrd ord = {
-      s = \\af => ord.s ! (case af of {
+      s = \\af => ord.s ! aform2aagr af ; ----
-        AF g n => aagr g n ; 
+      isPre = False ; ----
-        _ => aagr Masc Sg ----
+      copTyp = serCopula
-        }) ;
-      isPre = False ----
       } ;
 
 -- $SuperlA$ belongs to determiner syntax in $Noun$.
 
     ComplA2 adj np = {
       s = \\af => adj.s ! Posit ! af ++ appCompl adj.c2 np ;
-      isPre = False
+      isPre = False ;
+      copTyp = serCopula
       } ;
 
     ReflA2 adj = {
       s = \\af =>
              adj.s ! Posit ! af ++
              adj.c2.s ++ prepCase adj.c2.c ++ reflPron Sg P3 Nom ; --- agr
-      isPre = False
+      isPre = False ;
+      copTyp = serCopula
       } ;
 
     SentAP ap sc = {
       s = \\a => ap.s ! a ++ sc.s ! dative ; -- prête à dormir --- mood
-      isPre = False
+      isPre = False ;
+      copTyp = ap.copTyp
       } ;
 
     AdAP ada ap = {
       s = \\a => ada.s ++ ap.s ! a ;
-      isPre = ap.isPre
+      isPre = ap.isPre ;
+      copTyp = ap.copTyp
       } ;
 
     UseA2 a = {
       s = a.s ! Posit ;
-      isPre = False ---- A2 has no isPre
+      isPre = False ; ---- A2 has no isPre
+      copTyp = serCopula ---- A2 has no copTyp (yet)
       } ;
 
     AdvAP ap adv = {
       s = \\a => ap.s ! a ++ adv.s ;
-      isPre = False
+      isPre = False ;
+      copTyp = ap.copTyp
       } ;
 
 

src/romance/CatRomance.gf

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ incomplete concrete CatRomance of Cat = CommonX - [SC,Pol]
 
 -- Adjective
 
-    AP = {s : AForm => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
+    AP = {s : AForm => Str ; isPre : Bool ; copTyp : CopulaType} ;
 
 -- Noun
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ incomplete concrete CatRomance of Cat = CommonX - [SC,Pol]
     V3, V2A, V2V = Verb ** {c2,c3 : Compl} ;
     VS = Verb ** {m : RPolarity => Mood} ;
 
-    A  = {s : Degree => AForm => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
+    A  = {s : Degree => AForm => Str ; isPre : Bool ; copTyp : CopulaType} ;
     A2 = {s : Degree => AForm => Str ; c2 : Compl} ;
 
     N  = Noun ;
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ incomplete concrete CatRomance of Cat = CommonX - [SC,Pol]
     NP = \np -> (np.s ! Nom).comp ;
     Conj = \c -> c.s2 ;
 
-    A = \a -> a.s ! Posit ! AF Masc Sg ;
+    A = \a -> a.s ! Posit ! ASg Masc APred ;
-    A2 = \a -> a.s ! Posit ! AF Masc Sg ++ a.c2.s ;
+    A2 = \a -> a.s ! Posit ! ASg Masc APred ++ a.c2.s ;
 
     N = \n -> n.s ! Sg ;
     N2 = \n -> n.s ! Sg ++ n.c2.s ;

src/romance/CommonRomance.gf

@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ param
 -- Comparative adjectives are moreover inflected in degree
 -- (which in Romance is usually syntactic, though).
 
-  AForm = AF Gender Number | AA ;
+  AForm = ASg Gender APosition | APl Gender | AA ;
+
+  APosition = AAttr | APred ;
 
 -- Gender is not morphologically determined for first and second person pronouns.
 
@@ -49,18 +51,44 @@ oper
     } ;
 
 
+  -- genderpos2gender : GenderPosition -> {p1:Gender,p2:Number} = \gp -> case gp of {
+  --   MascSg _ => <Masc,Sg> ;
+  --   MascPl   => <Masc,Pl> ;
+  --   FemSg    => <Fem,Sg> ;
+  --   FemPl    => <Fem,Pl>
+  --   } ;
+
+
   aform2gender : AForm -> Gender = \a -> case a of {
-    AF g _ => g ;
+    ASg g _ => g ;
+    APl g   => g ;
     _       => Masc -- "le plus lentement"
     } ;
   aform2number : AForm -> Number = \a -> case a of {
-    AF _ n => n ;
+    APl _  => Pl ;
     _      => Sg -- "le plus lentement"
     } ;
   aform2aagr : AForm -> AAgr = \a -> case a of {
-    AF g n => aagr g n ;
+    ASg g _ => aagr g Sg ;
+    APl g   => aagr g Pl ;
     _       => aagr Masc Sg -- "le plus lentement"
     } ;
+  aagr2aform : AAgr -> AForm = \gn -> case gn of {
+    {g=g ; n=Sg} => ASg g APred ;
+    {g=g ; n=Pl} => APl g
+    } ;
+
+  genNum2Aform : Gender -> Number -> AForm ;
+  genNum2Aform g n = case n of {
+    Sg => ASg g APred ;
+    Pl => APl g
+    } ;
+
+  genNumPos2Aform : Gender -> Number -> Bool -> AForm ;
+  genNumPos2Aform g n isPre = case n of {
+      Sg => ASg g (if_then_else APosition isPre AAttr APred) ;
+      Pl => APl g
+      } ;
 
   conjGender : Gender -> Gender -> Gender = \m,n ->
     case m of {
@@ -236,7 +264,7 @@ oper
 
   oper
     mkOrd : {s : Degree => AForm => Str} -> {s : AAgr => Str} ;
-    mkOrd x = {s = \\ag => x.s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n} ;
+    mkOrd x = {s = \\ag => x.s ! Posit ! aagr2aform ag } ;
 
 -- This is used in Spanish and Italian to bind clitics with preceding verb.
 

src/romance/ConjunctionRomance.gf

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ incomplete concrete ConjunctionRomance of Conjunction =
       hasClit = False ; isNeg = ss.isNeg
       }) ;
     ConjAP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable AForm conj ss ** {
-      isPre = ss.isPre
+      isPre = ss.isPre ;
+      copTyp = ss.copTyp
       } ;
     ConjRS conj ss = conjunctDistrTable2 Mood Agr conj ss ** {
       c = ss.c
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ incomplete concrete ConjunctionRomance of Conjunction =
       s2 = \\c => xs.s2 ! c ; ----e (conjunctCase c) ; 
       a = conjAgr x.a xs.a ; isNeg = orB x.isNeg xs.isNeg
       } ;
-    BaseAP x y = twoTable AForm x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre} ;
+    BaseAP x y = twoTable AForm x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre ; copTyp = y.copTyp} ;
-    ConsAP xs x = consrTable AForm comma xs x ** {isPre = andB xs.isPre x.isPre} ;
+    ConsAP x xs = consrTable AForm comma x xs ** {isPre = andB x.isPre xs.isPre ; copTyp = xs.copTyp} ;
     BaseRS x y = twoTable2 Mood Agr x y ** {c = y.c} ;
     ConsRS xs x = consrTable2 Mood Agr comma xs x ** {c = xs.c} ;
     BaseIAdv = twoSS ;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ incomplete concrete ConjunctionRomance of Conjunction =
     [AdV] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
     [IAdv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
     [NP] = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr ; isNeg : Bool} ;
-    [AP] = {s1,s2 : AForm  => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
+    [AP] = {s1,s2 : AForm  => Str ; isPre : Bool ; copTyp : CopulaType} ;
     [RS] = {s1,s2 : Mood => Agr => Str ; c : Case} ;
     [CN] = {s1,s2 : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ;
 

src/romance/NounRomance.gf

@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
 
     AdNum adn num = {s = \\a => adn.s ++ num.s ! a ; isNum = num.isNum ; n = num.n} ;
 
-    OrdSuperl adj = {s = \\a => adj.s ! Superl ! AF a.g a.n} ;
+    OrdSuperl adj = {s = \\a => adj.s ! Superl ! genNum2Aform a.g a.n} ;
 
-    OrdNumeralSuperl num adj = {s = \\a => num.s ! NOrd a.g a.n ++ adj.s ! Superl ! AF a.g a.n} ; -- la terza più grande
+    OrdNumeralSuperl num adj = {s = \\a => num.s ! NOrd a.g a.n ++ adj.s ! Superl ! genNum2Aform a.g a.n} ; -- la terza più grande
     ---- could be discontinuous: la terza città più grande
 
     DefArt = {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
       let
         g = cn.g
       in {
-        s = \\n => preOrPost ap.isPre (ap.s ! (AF g n)) (cn.s ! n) ;
+        s = \\n => preOrPost ap.isPre (ap.s ! genNumPos2Aform g n ap.isPre) (cn.s ! n) ;
         g = g ;
         } ;
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ incomplete concrete NounRomance of Noun =
        a = np.a ** {n = det.n} } ;
 
     AdjDAP det ap = {
-      s = \\g => det.s ! g ++ ap.s ! AF g det.n ;
+      s = \\g => det.s ! g ++ ap.s ! genNum2Aform g det.n ;
       n = det.n ;
       } ;
 

src/romance/PhraseRomance.gf

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ incomplete concrete PhraseRomance of Phrase =
     UttVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Fem Sg)} ; --- Agr
     UttAdv adv = adv ;
     UttCN n = {s = n.s ! Sg} ;
-    UttAP ap = {s = ap.s ! AF Masc Sg} ;
+    UttAP ap = {s = ap.s ! genNum2Aform Masc Sg} ;
     UttCard n = {s = n.s ! Masc} ;
     UttInterj i = i ;
 

src/romance/VerbRomance.gf

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ incomplete concrete VerbRomance of Verb =
     ComplVS v s  = insertExtrapos (\\b => conjThat ++ s.s ! (v.m ! b)) (predV v) ;
     ComplVQ v q  = insertExtrapos (\\_ => q.s ! QIndir) (predV v) ;
     ComplVA v ap =
-      insertComplement (\\a => let agr = complAgr a in ap.s ! AF agr.g agr.n) (predV v) ;
+      insertComplement (\\a => let agr = complAgr a in ap.s ! genNum2Aform agr.g agr.n) (predV v) ;
 
     SlashV2a v = mkVPSlash v.c2 (predV v) ;
 
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ incomplete concrete VerbRomance of Verb =
     SlashV2A v ap =
 
       let af = case v.c3.isDir of {
-        True => AF np.a.g np.a.n ;  -- ... bleues
+        True => genNum2Aform np.a.g np.a.n ;  -- ... bleues
-        _ => AF Masc Sg             -- il les peint en bleu
+        _ => genNum2Aform Masc Sg             -- il les peint en bleu
         }
     -}
 
     SlashV2A v ap =
-      let af = AF Masc Sg
+      let af = genNum2Aform Masc Sg
       in
       mkVPSlash v.c2
         (insertComplement
@@ -91,7 +91,13 @@ incomplete concrete VerbRomance of Verb =
 
     UseCopula = predV copula ;
 
-    CompAP ap = {s = \\ag => let agr = complAgr ag in ap.s ! AF agr.g agr.n ; cop = serCopula} ;
+    CompAP ap = {
+      s = \\ag =>
+        let
+          agr = complAgr ag
+        in ap.s ! genNum2Aform agr.g agr.n ;
+      cop = ap.copTyp
+      } ;
     CompCN cn = { s = \\ag =>
         let agr = complAgr ag in
         artIndef False cn.g agr.n Nom ++ cn.s ! agr.n ;
@@ -115,5 +121,5 @@ incomplete concrete VerbRomance of Verb =
     VPSlashPrep vp prep = vp ** {
       c2 = {s = prep.s ; c = prep.c ; isDir = False}
       } ;
-}
 
+} ;

src/spanish/DocumentationSpaFunctor.gf

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ lin
     s1 = heading1 (nounHeading adjective_Category).s ;
     s2 = frameTable (
            tr (th ""                            ++ th (heading singular_Parameter)  ++ th  (heading plural_Parameter)) ++
-           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Sg)) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Masc Pl))) ++
+           tr (th (heading masculine_Parameter) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! genNum2Aform Masc Sg) ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Masc Pl))) ++
-           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Sg))  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (AF Fem Pl)))
+           tr (th (heading feminine_Parameter)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! genNum2Aform Fem Sg)  ++ td (adj.s ! Posit ! (genNum2Aform Fem Pl)))
          )
     } ;
 

src/spanish/LexiconSpa.gf

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 --# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
 
 concrete LexiconSpa of Lexicon = CatSpa ** open 
-  (M=MorphoSpa), ParadigmsSpa, BeschSpa in {
+  (M=MorphoSpa), ParadigmsSpa, (D = DiffSpa), BeschSpa in {
 
 flags 
     coding=utf8 ;
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ lin
    correct_A = regA "correcto" ;
    dry_A = regA "seco" ;
    dull_A = regA "desafilado" ;
+   ready_A = adjCopula (mkA "listo") D.estarCopula ;
    full_A = regA "lleno" ;
    heavy_A = regA "pesado" ;
    near_A = regA "cercano" ;

src/spanish/MorphoSpa.gf

@@ -57,10 +57,14 @@ oper
 -- Adjectives are conveniently seen as gender-dependent nouns.
 -- Here are some patterns. First one that describes the worst case.
 
-  mkAdj : (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> Adj = \solo,sola,soli,sole,solamente ->
+  mkAdj : (x1,_,_,_,_,_,x7 : Str) -> Adj = \buen,solo,gran,sola,solos,solas,solamente ->
     {s = table {
-       AF Masc n => numForms solo soli ! n ;
+      ASg Masc AAttr => buen ;
-       AF Fem  n => numForms sola sole ! n ;
+      ASg Masc APred => solo ;
+      ASg Fem AAttr => gran ;
+      ASg Fem APred => sola ;
+      APl Masc   => solos ;
+      APl Fem    => solas ;
       AA         => solamente
       }
     } ;
@@ -71,26 +75,36 @@ oper
     let
       sol = Predef.tk 1 solo
     in
-    mkAdj solo (sol + "a") (sol + "os") (sol + "as") (sol + "amente") ;
+    mkAdj solo solo (sol + "a") (sol + "a")
+         (sol + "os") (sol + "as") (sol + "amente") ;
 
   -- masculine and feminine are identical:
   -- adjectives ending with -e, -a and many but not all that end in a consonant
   adjUtil : Str -> Str -> Adj = \util,utiles ->
-    mkAdj util util utiles utiles (util + "mente") ;
+    mkAdj util util util util
+          utiles utiles (util + "mente") ;
 
   -- adjectives that end in consonant but have different masc and fem forms
   -- español, hablador ...
   adjEspanol : Str -> Str -> Adj = \espanol,espanola ->
-    mkAdj espanol espanola (espanol + "es") (espanol + "as") (espanola + "mente") ;
+    mkAdj espanol espanol espanola espanola
+          (espanol + "es") (espanol + "as") (espanola + "mente") ;
 
-  adjBlu : Str -> Adj = \blu ->
+  adjBueno : Str -> Adj = \bueno ->
-    mkAdj blu blu blu blu blu ; ---
+    let buen = init bueno in
+    mkAdj buen bueno (buen + "a") (buen + "a")
+          (buen + "os") (buen + "as") (buen + "amente") ;
+
+  adjGrande : Str -> Str -> Adj = \gran,grande ->
+    mkAdj gran grande gran grande
+          (grande + "s") (grande + "s") (grande + "mente") ;
 
  -- francés francesa franceses francesas
   adjEs : Str -> Adj = \francEs ->
     let franc  : Str = Predef.tk 2 francEs ;
         frances : Str = franc + "es" ;
-    in mkAdj francEs (frances + "a") (frances + "es") (frances + "as") (frances + "amente") ;
+    in mkAdj francEs francEs (frances + "a") (frances + "a")
+             (frances + "es") (frances + "as") (frances + "amente") ;
 
 
    -- alemán alemana alemanes alemanas
@@ -106,11 +120,13 @@ oper
           "ú" => "u"
         } ;
         alemVn : Str = alem + V + "n" ;
-    in mkAdj alemAn (alemVn + "a") (alemVn + "es")
+    in mkAdj alemAn alemAn (alemVn + "a") (alemVn + "a")
-            (alemVn + "as") (alemVn + "amente") ;
+             (alemVn + "es") (alemVn + "as") (alemVn + "amente") ;
 
   mkAdjReg : Str -> Adj = \solo ->
     case solo of {
+      "grande" => adjGrande "gran" "grande" ;
+      "bueno" => adjBueno solo ;
       _ + "o" => adjSolo solo ;
       _ + ("e" | "a") => adjUtil solo (solo + "s") ;
       _ + "és" => adjEs solo ;
@@ -153,11 +169,11 @@ oper
 -- Determiners, traditionally called indefinite pronouns, are inflected
 -- in gender and number, like adjectives.
 
-  pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! AF g n ;
+  pronForms : Adj -> Gender -> Number -> Str = \tale,g,n -> tale.s ! genNum2Aform g n ;
 
   mkOrdinal : A -> Ord = \adj->
   lin Ord {
-    s = \\ag => adj.s ! Posit ! AF ag.g ag.n ;
+    s = \\ag => adj.s ! Posit ! genNum2Aform ag.g ag.n ;
     } ;
 
   mkQuantifier : (ese,esa,esos,esas : Str) -> Quant = \ese,esa,esos,esas->

src/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.gf

@@ -156,14 +156,18 @@ oper
 -- One-place adjectives compared with "mas" need five forms in the worst
 -- case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
 
-    mkA : (solo,sola,solos,solas,solamente : Str) -> A ; -- worst-case
+    mkA : (solo,sola,solos,solas,solamente : Str) -> A ; -- almost worst-case, except for buen/bueno gran/grande
+
+    mkA : (gran,grande,gran,grande,grandes,grandes,solamente : Str) -> A ; -- worst-case
 
 -- In the worst case, two separate adjectives are given:
 -- the positive ("bueno"), and the comparative ("mejor").
 
     mkA : (bueno : A) -> (mejor : A) -> A ; -- special comparison (default with "mas")
 
-    mkA : (blanco : A) -> (hueso : Str) -> A -- noninflecting component after the adjective
+    mkA : (blanco : A) -> (hueso : Str) -> A ; -- noninflecting component after the adjective
+
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A -- force copula type
     } ;
 
 -- The functions above create postfix adjectives. To switch
@@ -354,23 +358,25 @@ oper
 
   makeNP x g n = {s = (pn2np (mk2PN x g)).s; a = agrP3 g n ; hasClit = False ; isPol = False ; isNeg = False} ** {lock_NP = <>} ;
 
-  mk5A a b c d e = 
+  mk7A a b c d e f g =
-   compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+    compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdj a b c d e f g).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
 
-  mk2A a b =
+  mk5A a b c d e = mk7A a a b b c d e ;
-   compADeg {s = \\_ => (adjEspanol a b).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
 
-  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  mk2A a b = compADeg {s = \\_ => (adjEspanol a b).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
-  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; lock_A = <>} ;
+
+  regA a = compADeg {s = \\_ => (mkAdjReg a).s ; isPre = False ; copTyp = serCopula ; lock_A = <>} ;
+  adjCopula a cop = a ** {copTyp = cop} ;
+  prefA a = {s = a.s ; isPre = True ; copTyp = a.copTyp ; lock_A = <>} ;
 
   mkA2 a p = a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
 
   mkADeg a b =
    {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => b.s ! Posit} ;
-    isPre = a.isPre ; lock_A = <>} ;
+    isPre = a.isPre ; copTyp = a.copTyp ; lock_A = <>} ;
   compADeg a =
     {s = table {Posit => a.s ! Posit ; _ => \\f => "más" ++ a.s ! Posit ! f} ;
-     isPre = a.isPre ;
+     isPre = a.isPre ; copTyp = a.copTyp ;
      lock_A = <>} ;
   regADeg a = compADeg (regA a) ;
 
@@ -407,7 +413,7 @@ oper
 
   special_ppV ve pa = {
     s = table {
-      VPart g n => (adjSolo pa).s ! AF g n ;
+      VPart g n => (adjSolo pa).s ! genNum2Aform g n ;
       p => ve.s ! p
       } ;
     lock_V = <> ;
@@ -508,14 +514,19 @@ oper
     mkA : (util : Str) -> A  = regA ;
     mkA : (espanol,espanola : Str) -> A  = mk2A ;
     mkA : (solo,sola,solos,solas,solamente : Str) -> A = mk5A ;
+    mkA : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> A = mk7A ;
     mkA : (bueno : A) -> (mejor : A) -> A = mkADeg ;
     mkA : (blanco : A) -> (hueso : Str) -> A = \blanco,hueso -> blanco **
       { s = \\x,y => blanco.s ! x ! y ++ hueso } ;
+    mkA : A -> CopulaType -> A =
+      adjCopula ;
     } ;
 
+  mk7A : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> A ;
   mk5A : (solo,sola,solos,solas,solamente : Str) -> A ;
   mk2A : (espanol,espanola : Str) -> A ;
   regA : Str -> A ;
+  adjCopula : A -> CopulaType -> A ;
   mkADeg : A -> A -> A ;
   compADeg : A -> A ;
   regADeg : Str -> A ;

src/spanish/ParseSpa.gf

@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ lin
 
   PastPartAP v = {
     s = table {
-      AF g n => v.s ! VPart g n ;
+      ASg g _ => v.s ! VPart g Sg ;
+      APl g _ => v.s ! VPart g Pl ;
       _ => v.s ! VPart Masc Sg  ---- the adverb form
       } ;
     isPre = True