diff --git a/src/czech/AdverbCze.gf b/src/czech/AdverbCze.gf
index a441d2cf..b6b18631 100644
--- a/src/czech/AdverbCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/AdverbCze.gf
@@ -6,4 +6,8 @@ lin
       s = prep.s ++ np.prep ! prep.c
       } ;
 
+    SubjS subj s = {
+      s = subj.s ++ s.s
+      } ;
+
 }
diff --git a/src/czech/CatCze.gf b/src/czech/CatCze.gf
index 04166930..d7d42239 100644
--- a/src/czech/CatCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/CatCze.gf
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ concrete CatCze of Cat =
     VPSlash = {verb : VerbForms ; clit,compl : Agr => Str ; c : ComplementCase} ; ----
     V  = ResCze.VerbForms ;
     V2 = ResCze.VerbForms ** {c : ComplementCase} ;
-    VS,VQ = ResCze.VerbForms ;
+    VS,VQ,VV = ResCze.VerbForms ;
 
     A  = ResCze.AdjForms ;
     AP = ResCze.Adjective ** {isPost : Bool} ; -- {s : Gender => Number => Case => Str}
diff --git a/src/czech/ExtendCze.gf b/src/czech/ExtendCze.gf
index 9d094ebc..97b9db43 100644
--- a/src/czech/ExtendCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/ExtendCze.gf
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ concrete ExtendCze of Extend = CatCze **
     ,SlashBareV2S
     ,PredIAdvVP
     ,PredAPVP
-    ,ExistsNP
     ,ExistS
     ,ExistPluralCN
     ,ExistNPQS
diff --git a/src/czech/IdiomCze.gf b/src/czech/IdiomCze.gf
index d4314dcc..b7d61c65 100644
--- a/src/czech/IdiomCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/IdiomCze.gf
@@ -1,5 +1,32 @@
 concrete IdiomCze of Idiom = CatCze ** open Prelude, ResCze in {
 
+lin
+    ImpP3 np vp = {
+      s = "nechť" ++ np.s ! Nom ++ vp.clit ! np.a ++
+          verbAgr vp.verb np.a True ++ vp.compl ! np.a
+      } ;
 
+    ImpersCl vp = let agr = Ag Neutr Sg P3 in {
+      subj  = [] ;
+      clit  = vp.clit ! agr ;
+      compl = vp.compl ! agr ;
+      verb  = vp.verb ;
+      a     = agr
+      } ;
+
+    GenericCl vp = let agr = Ag (Masc Anim) Pl P3 in {
+      subj  = [] ;
+      clit  = vp.clit ! agr ;
+      compl = vp.compl ! agr ;
+      verb  = vp.verb ;
+      a     = agr
+      } ;
+
+    ExistNP np = {
+      subj, clit = [] ;
+      compl = np.s ! Nom ;
+      verb = iii_kupovatVerbForms "existovat" ;
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
 
 }
diff --git a/src/czech/MissingCze.gf b/src/czech/MissingCze.gf
index de1fb188..02ce581c 100644
--- a/src/czech/MissingCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/MissingCze.gf
@@ -9,12 +9,10 @@ oper AdjOrd : Ord -> AP = notYet "AdjOrd" ;
 oper AdnCAdv : CAdv -> AdN = notYet "AdnCAdv" ;
 oper AdvIAdv : IAdv -> Adv -> IAdv = notYet "AdvIAdv" ;
 oper AdvIP : IP -> Adv -> IP = notYet "AdvIP" ;
-oper AdvS : Adv -> S -> S = notYet "AdvS" ;
 oper AdvSlash : ClSlash -> Adv -> ClSlash = notYet "AdvSlash" ;
 oper CAdvAP : CAdv -> AP -> NP -> AP = notYet "CAdvAP" ;
 oper CleftAdv : Adv -> S -> Cl = notYet "CleftAdv" ;
 oper CleftNP : NP -> RS -> Cl = notYet "CleftNP" ;
-oper CompCN : CN -> Comp = notYet "CompCN" ;
 oper CompIAdv : IAdv -> IComp = notYet "CompIAdv" ;
 oper CompIP : IP -> IComp = notYet "CompIP" ;
 oper ComparA : A -> NP -> AP = notYet "ComparA" ;
diff --git a/src/czech/NounCze.gf b/src/czech/NounCze.gf
index 6b31f8f7..59372f68 100644
--- a/src/czech/NounCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/NounCze.gf
@@ -99,5 +99,12 @@ lin
     NumDecimal ds = ds ** {s = \\_,_ => ds.s} ;
     NumNumeral nu = nu ;
 
+    SentCN cn sc = cn ** {s = \\n,c => cn.s ! n ! c ++ sc.s} ;
+
+    PredetNP pred np = np ** {
+      s    = \\c => pred.s ++ np.s ! c ;
+      clit = \\c => pred.s ++ np.clit ! c ;
+      prep = \\c => pred.s ++ np.prep ! c
+      } ;
 
 }
diff --git a/src/czech/PhraseCze.gf b/src/czech/PhraseCze.gf
index c1a0fda6..50bd9dc9 100644
--- a/src/czech/PhraseCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/PhraseCze.gf
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ lin
     UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Nom} ;
     UttVP vp = let agr = Ag Neutr Sg P3 in {s = vp.clit ! agr ++ vp.verb.inf ++ vp.compl ! agr} ; 
 
+    UttImpSg pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s} ;
+    UttImpPl pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s} ;
+    UttImpPol pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s} ;
+
     PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;
 
 
diff --git a/src/czech/QuestionCze.gf b/src/czech/QuestionCze.gf
index d5390caa..d0bea0ee 100644
--- a/src/czech/QuestionCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/QuestionCze.gf
@@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ concrete QuestionCze of Question = CatCze **
 lin
     QuestCl cl = cl ; ----
 
+    QuestIAdv iadv cl = cl ** {clit = iadv.s ++ cl.clit} ;
+
 }
diff --git a/src/czech/SentenceCze.gf b/src/czech/SentenceCze.gf
index 2793ec35..661df8e6 100644
--- a/src/czech/SentenceCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/SentenceCze.gf
@@ -28,5 +28,24 @@ lin
 		 pol.s ++ verbAgr rcl.verb a pol.p ++
 		 rcl.compl ! a ;
       } ;
-    
+
+-- no imperative in VerbForms yet; the 1st person plural present is used
+-- instead, which is the normal register in mathematical Czech
+-- ("předpokládáme, že ..." = "we assume that ...")
+    ImpVP vp = let agr = Ag (Masc Anim) Pl P1 in
+      {s = vp.clit ! agr ++ verbAgr vp.verb agr True ++ vp.compl ! agr} ;
+
+    EmbedS s = {s = "že" ++ s.s} ;
+
+    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s} ;
+
+    EmbedVP vp = let agr = Ag Neutr Sg P3 in
+      {s = vp.clit ! agr ++ vp.verb.inf ++ vp.compl ! agr} ;
+
+    AdvS a s = {s = a.s ++ s.s} ;
+
+    ExtAdvS a s = {s = a.s ++ SOFT_BIND ++ "," ++ s.s} ;
+
+    SSubjS a subj b = {s = a.s ++ SOFT_BIND ++ "," ++ subj.s ++ b.s} ;
+
 }
diff --git a/src/czech/StructuralCze.gf b/src/czech/StructuralCze.gf
index ef14b1a2..b56c7ffa 100644
--- a/src/czech/StructuralCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/StructuralCze.gf
@@ -1,11 +1,42 @@
 concrete StructuralCze of Structural = CatCze **
   open ParadigmsCze, ResCze, Prelude in {
 
+-- a singular determiner inflecting like an adjective, e.g. "každý", "nějaký"
+oper
+  adjDet : AdjForms -> Determiner = \afs -> {
+    s = \\g,c => (adjFormsAdjective afs).s ! g ! Sg ! c ;
+    size = Num1
+    } ;
+
 lin
+    all_Predet = {s = "všechny"} ;
     and_Conj = mkConj "a" ;
+    both7and_DConj = {s1 = "jak" ; s2 = "tak"} ;
+    between_Prep = mkPrep "mezi" Ins ;
     by8agent_Prep = mkPrep "od" Gen ; ---- TODO this means "from", there might be no good translation
+    by8means_Prep = mkPrep "pomocí" Gen ;
+    can_VV = {
+      inf = "moci" ;
+      pressg1 = "mohu" ;
+      pressg2 = "můžeš" ;
+      pressg3, negpressg3 = "může" ;
+      prespl1 = "můžeme" ;
+      prespl2 = "můžete" ;
+      prespl3 = "mohou" ;
+      pastpartsg = "mohl" ;
+      pastpartpl = "mohli" ;
+      } ;
+    either7or_DConj = {s1 = "buď" ; s2 = "nebo"} ;
+    every_Det = adjDet (mladyAdjForms "každý") ;
     few_Det = invarNumeral "málo" ; -- CEG 6.8 --- TODO genitive mála
     for_Prep = mkPrep "pro" accusative ;
+    if_Subj = {s = "jestliže"} ;
+    no_Quant = adjFormsAdjective (mladyAdjForms "žádný") ;
+    on_Prep = mkPrep "na" Loc ;
+    someSg_Det = adjDet (mladyAdjForms "nějaký") ;
+    that_Subj = {s = "že"} ;
+    under_Prep = mkPrep "pod" Ins ;
+    where_IAdv = {s = "kde"} ;
     from_Prep = mkPrep (pre {"s"|"z" => "ze" ; _ => "z"}) Gen ; ---- consonant clusters
     have_V2 = mkV2 haveVerbForms ;
     in_Prep = mkPrep (pre {"v"|"m" => "ve" ; _ => "v"}) Loc ; ----
diff --git a/src/czech/VerbCze.gf b/src/czech/VerbCze.gf
index e80c25c7..4cc9c8e2 100644
--- a/src/czech/VerbCze.gf
+++ b/src/czech/VerbCze.gf
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ lin
     CompNP np = {
       s = \\a_ => np.s ! Nom ; ---- InstrC in Pol
       } ;
+
+    CompCN cn = {
+      s = \\a => case a of {
+        Ag _ n _ => cn.s ! n ! Nom ---- InstrC also possible
+        }
+      } ;
       
     CompAdv adv = {
       s = \\a_ => adv.s
@@ -45,4 +51,24 @@ lin
       compl = \\a => vp.compl ! a ++ adv.s
       } ;
 
+-- VerbForms has no passive participle yet, so the reflexive passive is used:
+-- "číslo se dělí" = "the number is divided"
+    PassV2 v = {
+      verb  = v ;
+      clit  = \\_ => "se" ;
+      compl = \\_ => []
+      } ;
+
+    ComplVV vv vp = {
+      verb  = vv ;
+      clit  = vp.clit ;
+      compl = \\a => vp.verb.inf ++ vp.compl ! a
+      } ;
+
+    ComplVS vs s = {
+      verb  = vs ;
+      clit  = \\_ => [] ;
+      compl = \\_ => SOFT_BIND ++ "," ++ "že" ++ s.s
+      } ;
+
 }