started Extend module to combine the functions of Extra and Extensions in a more disciplined way; design far from final yet

src/abstract/Extend.gf

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+--1 Extensions of core RGL syntax (the Grammar module)
+
+-- This module defines syntax rules that are not yet implemented in all
+-- languages, and perhaps never implementable either. But all rules are given
+-- a default implementation in common/ExtendFunctor.gf so that they can be included
+-- in the library API. The default implementations are meant to be overridden in each
+-- xxxxx/ExtendXxx.gf when the work proceeds.
+--
+-- This module is aimed to replace the original Extra.gf, which is kept alive just
+-- for backwardcommon compatibility. It will also replace translator/Extensions.gf
+-- and thus eliminate the often duplicated work in those two modules.
+--
+-- (c) Aarne Ranta 2017-08-20 under LGPL and BSD
+
+
+abstract Extend = Cat ** {
+
+  fun
+    GenNP       : NP -> Quant ;       -- this man's
+    GenIP       : IP -> IQuant ;      -- whose
+    GenRP       : Num -> CN -> RP ;   -- whose car
+
+-- In case the first two are not available, the following applications should in any case be.
+
+    GenModNP    : Num -> NP -> CN -> NP ; -- this man's car(s)
+    GenModIP    : Num -> IP -> CN -> IP ; -- whose car(s)
+
+    CompBareCN  : CN -> Comp ;        -- (est) professeur
+
+    StrandQuestSlash     : IP -> ClSlash -> QCl ;   -- whom does John live with
+    StrandRelSlash       : RP -> ClSlash -> RCl ;   -- that he lives in
+    EmptyRelSlash        : ClSlash       -> RCl ;   -- he lives in
+ 
+
+-- $VP$ conjunction, covering both finite and infinitive forms (formerly VPI and VPS).
+
+  cat
+    VPS ;
+    [VPS] {2} ;
+
+  fun
+    MkVPS      : Temp -> Pol -> VP -> VPS ;  -- to sleep / hasn't slept
+    ConjVPS    : Conj -> [VPS] -> VPS ;      -- has walked and won't sleep
+    PredVPS    : NP   -> VPS -> S ;          -- she [has walked and won't sleep]
+    ComplVPSVV : VV   -> VPS -> VP ;         -- want to sleep and to walk
+
+-- in case ComplVPSVV is not available:
+
+    PredVPSVV  : NP -> VV -> VPS -> VP ;     -- she wants to sleep and to walk
+
+
+  fun
+    ProDrop : Pron -> Pron ;  -- unstressed subject pronoun becomes []: "(io) sono stanco"
+    
+    ICompAP : AP -> IComp ;   -- "how old"
+    IAdvAdv : Adv -> IAdv ;   -- "how often"
+
+    CompIQuant : IQuant -> IComp ;   -- which (is it) [agreement to NP]
+
+    PrepCN     : Prep -> CN -> Adv ; -- by accident [Prep + CN without article]
+
+  -- fronted/focal constructions, only for main clauses
+
+  fun
+    FocusObj : NP  -> SSlash  -> Utt ;   -- her I love
+    FocusAdv : Adv -> S       -> Utt ;   -- today I will sleep
+    FocusAdV : AdV -> S       -> Utt ;   -- never will I sleep
+    FocusAP  : AP  -> NP      -> Utt ;   -- green was the tree
+
+  fun
+    ParticipleAP  : VP -> AP ;   -- (the man) looking at Mary
+    EmbedPresPart : VP -> SC ;   -- looking at Mary (is fun)
+
+-- this is a generalization of Verb.PassV2 and should replace it in the future.
+
+    PassVPSlash : VPSlash -> VP ; -- be forced to sleep
+
+-- the form with an agent may result in a different linearization 
+-- from an adverbial modification by an agent phrase.
+
+    PassAgentVPSlash : VPSlash -> NP -> VP ;  -- be begged by her to go
+
+-- In many languages, the passives use past participles.
+
+    PastPartAP      : VPSlash -> AP ;         -- lost (opportunity) ; (opportunity) lost in space
+    PastPartAgentAP : VPSlash -> NP -> AP ;   -- (opportunity) lost by the company
+   
+-- publishing of the document
+
+    NominalizeVPSlashNP : VPSlash -> NP -> NP ;
+
+-- existential for mathematics
+
+    ExistsNP : NP -> Cl ;  -- there exists a number / there exist numbers
+
+-- infinitive for purpose AR 21/8/2013
+
+    PurposeVP : VP -> Adv ;  -- to become happy
+
+-- object S without "that"
+
+    ComplBareVS  : VS  -> S  -> VP ;       -- say she runs
+    SlashBareV2S : V2S -> S  -> VPSlash ;  -- answer (to him) it is good
+
+-- front the extraposed part
+
+    FrontExtPredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ;      -- I am here, she said
+    InvFrontExtPredVP : NP -> VP -> Cl ;   -- I am here, said she
+
+-- to use an AP as CN or NP without CN
+
+    AdjAsCN : AP -> CN ;   -- a green one ; en grön (Swe)
+    AdjAsNP : AP -> NP ;   -- green (is good)
+
+-- reflexive noun phrases: a generalization of Verb.ReflVP, which covers just reflexive pronouns
+-- This is necessary in languages like Swedish, which have special reflexive possessives.
+-- However, it is also needed in application grammars that want to treat "brush one's teeth" as a one-place predicate.
+
+  cat
+    RNP ;     -- reflexive noun phrase, e.g. "my family and myself"
+    RNPList ; -- list of reflexives to be coordinated, e.g. "my family, myself, everyone"
+    
+-- Notice that it is enough for one NP in RNPList to be RNP. 
+
+  fun
+    ReflRNP : VPSlash -> RNP -> VP ;   -- love my family and myself
+
+    ReflPron : RNP ;                   -- myself
+    ReflPoss : Num -> CN -> RNP ;      -- my car(s)
+
+    PredetRNP : Predet -> RNP -> RNP ; -- all my brothers
+
+    ConjRNP : Conj -> RNPList -> RNP ;  -- my family, John and myself
+
+    Base_rr_RNP : RNP -> RNP -> RNPList ;       -- my family, myself 
+    Base_nr_RNP : NP  -> RNP -> RNPList ;       -- John, myself
+    Base_rn_RNP : RNP -> NP  -> RNPList ;       -- myself, John
+    Cons_rr_RNP : RNP -> RNPList -> RNPList ;   -- my family, myself, John
+    Cons_nr_RNP : NP  -> RNPList -> RNPList ;   -- John, my family, myself
+----    Cons_rn_RNP : RNP -> ListNP  -> RNPList ;   -- myself, John, Mary
+
+
+--- from Extensions
+
+  ComplVV  : VV -> Ant -> Pol -> VP  -> VP ;         -- want not to have slept
+  SlashV2V : V2V -> Ant -> Pol -> VPS -> VPSlash ;   -- force (her) not to have slept
+
+  CompoundN   : N -> N  -> N ;      -- control system / controls system / control-system
+  CompoundAP  : N -> A  -> AP ;     -- language independent / language-independent
+
+  GerundCN    : VP -> CN ;          -- publishing of the document (can get a determiner)
+  GerundNP    : VP -> NP ;          -- publishing the document (by nature definite)
+  GerundAdv   : VP -> Adv ;         -- publishing the document (prepositionless adverb)
+
+  WithoutVP   : VP -> Adv ;         -- without publishing the document  
+  ByVP        : VP -> Adv ;         -- by publishing the document  
+  InOrderToVP : VP -> Adv ;         -- (in order) to publish the document
+
+  ApposNP : NP -> NP -> NP ;        -- Mr Macron, the president of France,
+
+  AdAdV       : AdA -> AdV -> AdV ;           -- almost always
+  UttAdV      : AdV -> Utt ;                  -- always(!)
+  PositAdVAdj : A -> AdV ;                    -- (that she) positively (sleeps)
+
+  CompS       : S -> Comp ;                   -- (the fact is) that she sleeps
+  CompQS      : QS -> Comp ;                  -- (the question is) who sleeps
+  CompVP      : Ant -> Pol -> VP -> Comp ;    -- (she is) to go
+
+
+}