Merge pull request #198 from inariksit/persian

Persian

src/persian/AdjectivePes.gf

@@ -7,20 +7,20 @@ concrete AdjectivePes of Adjective = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
  	UseComparA a = a ;
 
   ComparA a np = a ** {
-    s = \\m => a.s ! m ++ "تر" ++ "از" ++ np.s ! Bare ;
+    s = \\m => a.s ! m ++ "تر" ++ "از" ++ np2str np ;
-    adv = a.adv ++ "تر" ++ "از" ++ np.s ! Bare  ;
+    adv = a.adv ++ "تر" ++ "از" ++ np2str np ;
     } ;
 
 ---- $SuperlA$ belongs to determiner syntax in $Noun$.
 
   ComplA2 a np = a ** {
-    s = \\m => np.s ! Bare ++ a.c2 ++ a.s ! m ;
+    s = \\m => np2str np ++ a.c2 ++ a.s ! m ;
-    adv = np.s ! Bare ++ a.c2 ++ a.adv
+    adv = np2str np ++ a.c2 ++ a.adv
     } ;
 
   ReflA2 a = a ** {
-    s = \\m => a.s ! m ++ reflPron ! defaultAgr ; ---- need to be fixed
+    s = \\m => a.s ! m ++ reflPron ! defaultAgr ! Bare ; ---- need to be fixed
-    adv = a.adv ++ reflPron ! defaultAgr
+    adv = a.adv ++ reflPron ! defaultAgr ! Bare
     } ;
 
   SentAP ap sc = ap ** {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ concrete AdjectivePes of Adjective = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
   UseA2 a = a ;
 
   CAdvAP cadv ap np = ap ** {
-    s = \\m => cadv.s ++ np.s ! Bare ++ ap.s ! m ;
+    s = \\m => cadv.s ++ np2str np ++ ap.s ! m ;
     adv = cadv.s ++ ap.adv
     } ;
 

src/persian/ConjunctionPes.gf

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ concrete ConjunctionPes of Conjunction =
   lincat
     [S] = {s1,s2 : VVForm => Str} ;
     [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
-    [NP] = {s1,s2 : Mod => Str ; a : Agr ; animacy : Animacy ; hasAdj : Bool; compl:Str} ;
+    [NP] = {s1,s2 : Mod => Str ; a : Agr ; animacy : Animacy ; hasAdj : Bool} ;
     [AP] = {s1,s2 :  Mod => Str ; adv : Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
     [RS] = {s1,s2 : Agr => Str };
 

src/persian/ExtendPes.gf

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ lin
   -- NP -> Quant ; -- this man's
   GenNP np = np ** {
     mod = Ezafe ; -- the possessed will get Ezafe
-    s = \\num,cmpd => np.s ! Bare -- possesser is unmarked; https://sites.la.utexas.edu/persian_online_resources/language-specific-grammar/ezfe/
+    s = \\num,cmpd => np2str np -- possesser is unmarked; https://sites.la.utexas.edu/persian_online_resources/language-specific-grammar/ezfe/
   } ;
 
   -- : NP -> NP -> NP

src/persian/IdiomPes.gf

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-concrete IdiomPes of Idiom = CatPes ** open Prelude,Predef, ResPes in {
+concrete IdiomPes of Idiom = CatPes ** open Prelude,ParadigmsPes,ResPes in {
 
   flags optimize=all_subs ;
   flags coding = utf8;
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ lin
   GenericCl vp = mkSClause "آدم" (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
 
   CleftNP np rs =
-	 let cl = mkSClause (np.s ! Bare) (np.a) (predV beVerb);
+	 let cl = mkSClause (np2str np) (np.a) (predV beVerb);
 	  in
 	   {s = \\t,p,o =>  cl.s ! t ! p ! o ++ rs.s ! np.a };
 
@@ -17,7 +17,14 @@ lin
 
   ExistNP np =
     mkSClause [] (agrP3 (fromAgr np.a).n)
-              (insertComp (\\_ => np.s ! Bare) (predV beVerb)) ;
+              (insertComp (\\_ => np2str np) (predV existVerb)) ;
+
+  ExistNPAdv np adv =
+    mkSClause [] (agrP3 (fromAgr np.a).n)
+              (insertComp (\\_ => np2str np ++ adv.s)
+                          (predV existVerb)
+              ) ;
+
 
   ExistIP ip =
     let cl = mkSClause ip.s (agrP3 ip.n) (predV beVerb);
@@ -29,7 +36,9 @@ lin
   ImpPl1 vp = let a = agrP1 Pl in
     {s = "بیایید" ++ showVPH (VSubj Pos a) a vp } ;
 	ImpP3 np vp =
-    {s = "بگذارید" ++ np.s ! Bare ++ showVPH (VSubj Pos np.a) np.a vp};
+    {s = "بگذارید" ++ np2str np ++ showVPH (VSubj Pos np.a) np.a vp};
 
+oper
+  existVerb = mkV "وجود" haveVerb ;
 
 }

src/persian/MorphoPes.gf

@@ -91,6 +91,12 @@ oper
       _               =>      str + "ی" -- any other case: just a single ی
     } ;
 
+  modTable : Str -> Mod => Str = \str ->
+    table {Bare => str ;
+           Ezafe => mkEzafe str ;
+           Clitic => mkEnclic str ;
+           Poss => mkPossStem str } ;
+
   Noun = {
     s : Number => Mod => Str ;
     animacy : Animacy ;
@@ -98,15 +104,7 @@ oper
   } ;
 
   mkN : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Animacy -> Noun = \sg,pl,ani -> indeclN sg ** {
-    s = table {
+    s = table {Sg => modTable sg ; Pl => modTable pl}
-           Sg => table {Bare => sg ;
-                        Ezafe => mkEzafe sg ;
-                        Clitic => mkEnclic sg ;
-                        Poss => mkPossStem sg } ;
-           Pl => table {Bare => pl ;
-                        Ezafe => mkEzafe pl ;
-                        Clitic => mkEnclic pl ;
-                        Poss => mkPossStem pl }}
   } ;
 
   indeclN : Str -> Noun = \s -> {

src/persian/NounPes.gf

@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ concrete NounPes of Noun = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
               NotCmpd => det.s ; -- possessive suffix
               IsCmpd  => det.sp } ; -- full form
          in case mod of {
-              Bare => detStr ++ cn.s ! num ! m ; -- det doesn't require a special form, keep the Mod=>Str table
+              Bare => detStr ++ cn.s ! num ! m ++ cn.compl ! det.n ; -- det doesn't require a special form, keep the Mod=>Str table
-              x    => cn.s ! num ! x ++ detStr } ; -- det requires a special form
+              x    => cn.s ! num ! x ++ detStr ++ cn.compl ! det.n } ; -- det requires a special form
-      a = agrP3 det.n ;
+      a = agrP3 det.n
-      compl = cn.compl ! det.n
       } ;
 
     UsePN pn = emptyNP ** pn ** {s = \\_ => pn.s} ;
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ concrete NounPes of Noun = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
       } ;
 
     RelNP np rs = np ** {
-      s = \\ez => np.s ! ez ++ rs.s ! np.a
+      s = \\m => np.s ! Clitic ++ rs.s ! np.a
       } ;
 
     AdvNP np adv = np ** {
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ concrete NounPes of Noun = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
       a = agrP3 det.n ;
       hasAdj = False ;
       animacy = Inanimate ;
-      compl = []
       } ;
 
     PossPron p = {
@@ -69,7 +67,7 @@ concrete NounPes of Noun = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
               NotCmpd => BIND ++ p.ps ;
               IsCmpd  => p.s } ; -- is a compound
        a = p.a ;
-       mod = Poss} ; -- make into Ezafe if DetCN if N is compound
+       mod = Poss} ; -- is changed into Ezafe in DetCN, if the CN is compound
 
     NumSg = {s = [] ; n = Sg ; isNum = False} ;
     NumPl = {s = [] ; n = Pl ; isNum = False} ;
@@ -90,9 +88,8 @@ concrete NounPes of Noun = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
     IndefArt = {s = table {Sg => \\_ => IndefArticle ; Pl => \\_ => []} ; mod = Bare} ;
 
     MassNP cn = cn ** {
-      s = cn.s ! Sg ;
+      s = \\m => cn.s ! Sg ! m ++ cn.compl ! Sg ;
       a = agrP3 Sg ;
-      compl = cn.compl ! Sg
       } ;
 
     UseN,
@@ -110,13 +107,13 @@ concrete NounPes of Noun = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
 
     ComplN2 n2 np = n2 ** {
       s = \\n,m => n2.s ! n ! Ezafe ;
-      compl = \\_ => n2.compl ++ n2.c2 ++ np.s ! Bare ;
+      compl = \\_ => n2.compl ++ n2.c2 ++ np2str np ;
       hasAdj = False
      };
 
     ComplN3 n3 np = n3 ** {
       s = \\n,m => n3.s ! n ! Ezafe ;
-      compl = n3.c2 ++ np.s ! Bare ;
+      compl = n3.c2 ++ np2str np ;
       c = n3.c3;
       } ;
 
@@ -129,15 +126,21 @@ concrete NounPes of Noun = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
 
     RelCN cn rs = cn ** {
       s = \\n,ez => cn.s ! n ! Clitic ;
-      compl = \\n => rs.s ! agrP3 n ;
+      compl = \\n => cn.compl ! n ++ rs.s ! agrP3 n ;
       } ;
 
-    AdvCN cn ad = cn ** {s = \\n,m => cn.s ! n ! Ezafe ++ ad.s} ;
+    AdvCN cn ad = cn ** {
+      s = \\n,m => cn.s ! n ! Ezafe ;
+      compl = \\n => cn.compl ! n ++ ad.s} ;
 
-    SentCN cn sc = cn ** {compl = \\n => sc.s} ;
+    SentCN cn sc = cn ** {compl = \\n => cn.compl ! n ++ sc.s} ;
 
     -- correct for /city Paris/, incorrect for /king John/
     -- ApposNP in ExtendPes works for /king John/ (no ezafe).
     ApposCN cn np = cn ** {s = \\n,m => cn.s ! n ! Ezafe ++ np.s ! m} ;
 
+    --  : CN -> NP -> CN ;     -- house of Paris, house of mine
+    PossNP cn np = cn ** {
+      s = \\n,m => cn.s ! n ! Ezafe ; -- TODO or here for "<house of mine> <on the hill>"
+      compl = \\n => cn.compl ! n ++ np2str np } ; -- "<house> <on the hill of mine>"
 }

src/persian/ParadigmsPes.gf

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ oper
   subjunctive : VVForm ; -- The verbal complement of VV is in subjunctive
   indicative : VVForm ;  -- The verbal complement of VV is in indicative
 
+  Mod : Type ; -- Argument to mkDet and mkPrep
+  ezafe : Mod ; -- e.g. mkPrep "برای" ezafe
+  -- poss : Mod ; -- TODO is this needed?
+  --clitic : Mod ; -- TODO is this needed?
 --2 Nouns
 
   mkN : overload {
@@ -66,9 +70,11 @@ oper
 
   mkDet = overload {
     mkDet : Str -> Number -> Det -- Takes a string, number (sg/pl) and returns a det which is not a numeral
-      = \s1,n -> lin Det (makeDet s1 n False);
+      = \s,n -> lin Det (makeDet s n False);
-    mkDet : Str -> Number -> Bool -> Det -- Takes a string, number (sg/pl) and a Boolean for whether the det is a numeral
+    mkDet : Str -> Number -> Bool -> Det -- As above + a Boolean for whether the det is a numeral
-      = \s1,n,b -> lin Det (makeDet s1 n b)
+      = \s,n,b -> lin Det (makeDet s n b) ;
+    mkDet : Str -> Number -> Bool -> Mod -> Det -- As above + Mod for which form the determiner expects its argument to be (default bare)
+      = \s,n,b,m -> lin Det (makeDet s n b ** {mod=m})
   };
 
  {-
@@ -173,8 +179,13 @@ oper
 
 ----2 Prepositions
 
-  mkPrep : Str -> Prep ; -- Takes a string, returns a preposition.
+  mkPrep = overload {
-  mkPrep str = lin Prep {s = str ; ra = []} ;
+    mkPrep : Str -> Prep -- Takes a string, returns a preposition.
+     = \str -> lin Prep {s = str ; ra = [] ; mod = Bare} ;
+    mkPrep : Str -> Mod -> Prep -- Takes a string and Mod (so far only option is ezafe), returns a preposition.
+     = \str,m -> lin Prep {s = str ; ra = [] ; mod=m}
+  } ;
+
 {-
 --3 Determiners and quantifiers
 
@@ -224,6 +235,9 @@ oper
   subjunctive = ResPes.Subj ;
   indicative = Indic ;
 
+  Mod = ResPes.Mod ;
+  ezafe = ResPes.Ezafe ;
+
 -- Removed mkV_1, mkV_2, mkN01 and mkN02 from public API, still available for
 -- any applications that open ParadigmsPes. /IL 2019-02-08
   mkV_1 : Str -> V
@@ -329,15 +343,15 @@ oper
     mkV2 : V -> Str -> V2
       = \v,ra -> lin V2 (v ** {c2 = prepOrRa ra}) ;
     mkV2 : V -> Str -> Bool -> V2
-      = \v,p,b -> lin V2 (v ** {c2 = {ra = [] ; s = p}}) ;
+      = \v,p,b -> lin V2 (v ** {c2 = {ra = [] ; s = p ; mod=Bare}}) ;
     } ;
 
   prepOrRa : Str -> Compl = \s -> case s of {
-    "را" => {s = [] ; ra = "را"} ;
+    "را" => {s = [] ; ra = "را" ; mod=Bare} ;
-    prep  => {s = prep ; ra = []}
+    prep  => {s = prep ; ra = []; mod=Bare}
     } ;
 
-  mkPost : Str -> Prep = \s -> lin Prep {s=[] ; ra=s} ;
+  mkPost : Str -> Prep = \s -> lin Prep {s=[] ; ra=s ; mod=Bare} ;
 
   mkN2 = overload {
     mkN2 : Str -> N2 -- Predictable N2 without complement

src/persian/QuestionPes.gf

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ concrete QuestionPes of Question = CatPes ** open ResPes, Prelude in {
     };
 
   QuestIComp icomp np =
-   let cl = mkSClause (np.s ! Bare ++ icomp.s) np.a (predV beVerb)
+   let cl = mkSClause (np2str np ++ icomp.s) np.a (predV beVerb)
     in {s = \\t,p => cl.s ! t ! p ! ODir};
 
     PrepIP p ip = {s = p.s ++ ip.s } ;

src/persian/ResPes.gf

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ resource ResPes = MorphoPes ** open Prelude,Predef in {
       s : Mod => Str ; -- NP can appear with a clitic, need to keep Mod open
       a : Agr ;
       hasAdj : Bool ; -- to get the right form when NP is a predicate
-      compl : Str ;   -- to make possessive suffix attach to the right word
       animacy : Animacy -- to get the right relative pronoun
       } ;
 
@@ -38,7 +37,6 @@ resource ResPes = MorphoPes ** open Prelude,Predef in {
       a = defaultAgr ;
       hasAdj = False ;
       animacy = Inanimate ;
-      compl = []
       } ;
     indeclNP : Str -> NP = \s ->
       emptyNP ** {s = \\m => s} ;
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ resource ResPes = MorphoPes ** open Prelude,Predef in {
     } ;
 
     np2str : NP -> Str = \np ->
-      np.s ! Bare ++ np.compl ;
+      np.s ! Bare ;
 
     cn2str : CN -> Str = \cn ->
       cn.s ! Sg ! Bare ++ cn.compl ! Sg ;
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ oper
       vp.comp ! agr ++ vp.prefix ++ vp.s ! vf  -- vp.ad is missing on purpose! we add it in insertVV.
    ++ vp.obj ++ vp.vComp ! agr ! VVPres ++ vp.embComp ;
 
-  Compl : Type = {s : Str ; ra : Str} ;
+  Compl : Type = {s : Str ; ra : Str ; mod : Mod} ;
 
   VPHSlash : Type = VPH ** {
     c2 : Compl ;        -- prep or ra for the complement
@@ -126,17 +124,21 @@ oper
 ---------------------
 -- VP complementation
 ---------------------
-  appComp : Compl -> Str -> Str = \c2,obj ->
+  appComp : Compl -> (Mod=>Str) -> Str = \c2,obj ->
-    c2.s ++ obj ++ c2.ra ;
+    c2.s ++ obj ! c2.mod ++ c2.ra ;
 
   insertComp : (Agr => Str) -> VPH -> VPH = \obj,vp -> vp ** {
     comp = \\a => vp.comp ! a ++ obj ! a
     } ;
 
-  insertCompPre : (Agr=>Str) -> VPHSlash -> VPH = \obj,vp -> vp ** {
+  insertCompPre : (Agr=>Mod=>Str) -> VPHSlash -> VPH = \obj,vp -> vp ** {
     comp = \\a => appComp vp.c2 (obj ! a) ++ vp.comp ! a
     } ;
 
+  insertCompPost : (Agr=>Mod=>Str) -> VPHSlash -> VPH = \obj,vp -> vp ** {
+    comp = \\a =>  vp.comp ! a ++ appComp vp.c2 (obj ! a)
+    } ;
+
   insertVV : VV -> VPH -> VPH = \vv,vp -> predV vv ** {
     vComp = \\a,t => vp.vComp ! a ! t ++ complVV vv vp ! a ! t ;
     vvType = case vv.isDef of {True => DefVV ; _ => FullVV} ;
@@ -152,8 +154,7 @@ oper
     } ;
 
   complSlash : VPHSlash -> NP -> VPH = \vp,np -> vp ** {
-    comp = \\a => appComp vp.c2 (np.s ! Bare)
+    comp = \\a => appComp vp.c2 np.s ++ vp.comp ! a ;
-               ++ np.compl ++ vp.comp ! a ;
     obj = vp.obj ++ vp.agrObj ! np.a -- "beg her to buy", buy agrees with her
   } ;
 
@@ -264,14 +265,13 @@ oper
 -- Reflexive pronouns
 -----------------------------------
 
-  reflPron : Agr => Str = table {
+  reflPron : Agr => Mod => Str = table {
-    Ag Sg P1 => "خودم" ;
+    Ag Sg P1 => modTable "خودم" ;
-    Ag Sg P2 => "خودت" ;
+    Ag Sg P2 => modTable "خودت" ;
-    Ag Sg P3 => "خودش" ;
+    Ag Sg P3 => modTable "خودش" ;
-    Ag Pl P1 => "خودمان" ;
+    Ag Pl P1 => modTable "خودمان" ;
-    Ag Pl P2 => "خودتان" ;
+    Ag Pl P2 => modTable "خودتان" ;
-    Ag Pl P3 => "خودشان"
+    Ag Pl P3 => modTable "خودشان"
-
     } ;
 
   getPron : Animacy -> Number -> Str = \ani,number ->

src/persian/StructuralPes.gf

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ concrete StructuralPes of Structural = CatPes **
 --  everything_NP = R.indeclNP ["هر XE"]));
   everywhere_Adv = ss ["هر جا"] ;
   few_Det = mkDet ["تعداد کمی"] Pl True; -- check
-  for_Prep = mkPrep "برای" ;
+  for_Prep = mkPrep "برای" Ezafe ;
   from_Prep = mkPrep "از" ;
   he_Pron = R.agr2pron ! Ag Sg P3 ;
   here_Adv = ss "اینجا" ;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ concrete StructuralPes of Structural = CatPes **
   in_Prep = mkPrep "در" ;
   it_Pron  = R.agr2pron ! Ag Sg P3;
   less_CAdv = {s = "کمتر" ; p = ""} ;
-  many_Det = mkDet ["تعداد زیادی"] Pl True; -- check
+  many_Det = mkDet "بسیار" Pl False Ezafe ;
   more_CAdv = {s = "بیشتر" ; p = "" } ;
   most_Predet = ss "اکثر";
   much_Det = mkDet ["مقدار زیادی"]  Pl ;
@@ -133,9 +133,6 @@ have_V2 = haveVerb ** {
         VSubj _ (Ag Pl P2) => "داشته باشید" ;
         VSubj _ (Ag Pl P3) => "داشته باشند" ;
         x => haveVerb.s ! x } ;
-  c2 = {
+  c2 = prepOrRa [] -- "را" ;  ---- AR 18/9/2017: usually no ra acc. to Nasrin, but this is tricky
-    s  = [] ;
-    ra = [] --- "را" ;  ---- AR 18/9/2017: usually no ra acc. to Nasrin, but this is tricky
-    }
   } ;
 }

src/persian/SymbolPes.gf

@@ -11,19 +11,16 @@ concrete SymbolPes of Symbol = CatPes ** open Prelude, ResPes in {
   FloatPN i = {s = i.s ; animacy = Inanimate} ;
   NumPN i = {s = i.s ; animacy = Inanimate} ;
   CNIntNP cn i = cn ** {
-    s = \\ez => cn.s ! Sg ! Ezafe   ++ i.s ;
+    s = \\ez => cn.s ! Sg ! Ezafe ++ i.s ++ cn.compl ! Sg ;
-    a = agrP3 Sg ;
+    a = agrP3 Sg
-    compl = cn.compl ! Sg
     } ;
   CNSymbNP det cn xs = cn ** {
-    s = \\ez => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n  ! Ezafe ++ xs.s ;
+    s = \\ez => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ! Ezafe ++ xs.s ++ cn.compl ! det.n ;
-    a = agrP3 det.n ;
+    a = agrP3 det.n
-    compl = cn.compl ! det.n
     } ;
   CNNumNP cn i = cn ** {
-    s = \\ez => cn.s ! Sg ! Ezafe ++ i.s ;
+    s = \\ez => cn.s ! Sg ! Ezafe ++ i.s ++ cn.compl ! Sg ;
     a = agrP3 Sg ;
-    compl = cn.compl ! Sg
     } ;
 
   SymbS sy = {s = \\_ => sy.s} ;
@@ -40,12 +37,6 @@ lin
   BaseSymb = infixSS "تE" ;
   ConsSymb = infixSS "" ;
 
---oper
+  -- TODO: what are wN and تE? /IL
-    -- Note: this results in a space before 's, but there's
-    -- not mauch we can do about that.
---    addGenitiveS : Str ;
---    addGenitiveS s =
---     s ++ "از" ;
-
 
 }

src/persian/VerbPes.gf

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ concrete VerbPes of Verb = CatPes ** open ResPes,Prelude in {
     ComplVV = insertVV ;
     ComplVS v s  = embComp (conjThat ++ s.s ! Indic) (predV v) ;
     ComplVQ v q  = embComp (conjThat ++ q.s)         (predV v) ;
-    ComplVA v ap = insertObj (appComp v.c2 (ap.s ! Bare)) (predV v) ; -- check form of adjective
+    ComplVA v ap = insertObj (appComp v.c2 ap.s)     (predV v) ; -- check form of adjective
 
     SlashVV vv vps = vps ** ComplVV vv vps ;
     SlashV2S v s  = predVc v ** embComp (conjThat ++ s.s ! Indic) (predV v) ;
     SlashV2Q v q  = predVc v ** embComp q.s (predV v) ;
-    SlashV2A v ap = predVc v ** insertObj (appComp v.c2 (ap.s ! Bare)) (predV v) ; ---- paint it red , check form of adjective
+    SlashV2A v ap = predVc v ** insertObj (appComp v.c2 ap.s)     (predV v) ; ---- paint it red , check form of adjective
 
     -- : V2V -> VP -> VPSlash ;  -- beg (her) to go
     SlashV2V v2v vp = predVc v2v ** {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ concrete VerbPes of Verb = CatPes ** open ResPes,Prelude in {
     -- : V2V -> NP -> VPSlash -> VPSlash ; -- beg me to buy
     SlashV2VNP v2v np vps = predVc v2v ** {
       comp = \\a => if_then_Str v2v.isAux conjThat [] -- that
-                 ++ appComp v2v.c2 (np.s ! Bare) ;    -- I
+                 ++ appComp v2v.c2 np.s ;             -- I
                                                       -- ∅ is placed in comp
       vComp = \\_,_ => showVPH (case v2v.compl of {   -- buy
                                   Subj  => VSubj Pos np.a ;
@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ concrete VerbPes of Verb = CatPes ** open ResPes,Prelude in {
       c2 = vps.c2 --  preposition for the direct object comes from VPSlash
     } ;
 
+  -- : VP -> Prep -> VPSlash ;
+  VPSlashPrep vp prep = vp ** vs prep ;
+
+
     AdvVP vp adv = insertAdV adv.s vp ;
     AdVVP adv vp = insertAdV adv.s vp ;
     ReflVP v = insertCompPre reflPron v ;